tourism(337)

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NIOS Class 12th Tourism (337) English Medium Solved Assignment (TMA) 2022-23 | Nios 12th Tourism Solved Tma

Tourism (337)

Tutor marked assignment, 20% marks of theory.

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1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Differentiate between Culture and Heritage.

(b) Find out various components of tourism industry, and explain them in brief.

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Differentiate between Hindustani and Carnatic music.

(b) Examine how Physiography of India promotes tourism activities?

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Identify any two antecedents of modern Tourism, and explain them in brief.

(b) The National fairs of India also attract the tourists. Elabotrate with examples.

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

(a) List out the various functions of Management.

(b) The growth of educational institutions in the past led to growth in tourist activities. Ilustsrate with examples.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

(a) Examine the role, and importance of HRM in Tourism Industry.

(b) Distinguish between On-the-Job training methods, and Off- the-Job training methods.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below:

(a) Make a list of tourist destinations in your area. Also find out how corona pandemic affected them?

(b) Make a list of festivals in India, and describe in detail how you celebrate your favourite festival?

NIOS TMA 2022 Tourism_337 Question Paper with Their Answers

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Download NIOS TMA 2022 Tourism_337 Question Paper with Their Answers (Download Link) . Nios 12th Solved TMA 2021-22. TMA Solution for April/October 2022 Examination.

NIOS TMA 2022 Tourism_337 Question Paper with Their Answers. Tourism (337) Tutor Marked Assignment 2021-22 Questions.

Note : (i) All questions are compulsory. The Marks allotted for each question are given beside the questions. (ii) Write your name, enrollment numbers, AI name and subject on the first page of the answer sheet.

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Find out any two autonomous institutions under the Ministry of Tourism and describe them in brief.

(b) Identify various types of architectural constructions associated with Buddhism.

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) The National festivals of India also attract the tourist. Illustrate.

(b) Identify some of the factors that are affecting Tourism in the world.

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Identify the important characteristic features of Indian heritage in brief.

(b) New dimensions are emerging in Indian Tourism. Make a list of some of them.

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

(a) Continuity and change has been the hallmark of Indian culture. Explain of by giving suitable examples.

(b) The religious tourism has continued since the ancient times. Identify some of the places of religious significance and describe them briefly.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

(a) Differentiate between on-the-job training methods and off-the-job training methods.

(b) List out the advantages and disadvantages of oral communication.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below:

(a) Make a list of tour operations in your locality. Find out the different types of tour operators. Also find out how has Corona pandemic affected their work.

(b) Make a list of cuisines popular in different parts of the Country. Visit some of the restaurants in your locality and find out how many of them they serve.

Note : Students who have chosen Gujarati, Bengali, Marathi, Hindi & Any other medium can also submit assignments in English or Hindi.

If you want above question solution the click on “ Nios Solved Assignment 2021-2022 “. NIOS TMA 2022 Question Paper with Their Answers Session 2021-22 (Tourism -337).

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Tourism Web Portal

About the portal.

A technological tool for effective communication between the leading players in the Moscow tourism market and representatives of the foreign/regional tourism industry through online events. OBJECTIVES: • Building long-term cooperation with foreign/regional representatives • Raising awareness among foreign/regional representatives of the tourism industry of the tourism opportunities, measures and attractiveness of the city of Moscow in the field of tourist infrastructure development

Moscow City Tourism Committee

The Tourism Committee, or Mostourism, is the executive body of the Moscow City Government that oversees tourist activities in the capital. The Committee is responsible for legislative initiatives, congress and exhibition activities, and event and image projects. As the brand manager for an attractive tourism image for Moscow, Mostourism constantly analyses global trends, offers Russian and foreign tourists what they want, and also uncovers new opportunities for the capital in terms of interesting and rewarding leisure activities.

ANO «Project Office for the Development of Tourism and Hospitality of Moscow»

Syundyukova Yulia [email protected] Mezhiev Magomed [email protected]

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Welcome to Moscow

Home to the University of Idaho, Moscow (aka Fest City) is known for its lively celebrations and charming hometown vibe. Whether you’re exploring picturesque landscapes, rocking out at a music festival or indulging in mouthwatering local cuisine, this welcoming city offers an array of experiences for every style of adventurer. The only question is, where should you begin?

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Pop into one of our local eateries and sample everything from burgers to bouillabaisse. Or, sip your way through Moscow’s craft beer scene and find an ale to cure your ails.

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If you’re searching for your next conference, business trip or company retreat destination, Moscow has it all. Boasting a variety of venues, tempting food and drink options and ample hotel accommodations, this town is sure to impress.

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NIOS , Class12th , Tourism , Latest Updates

Nios Class 12th Tourism (337)Important Question And Answers English Medium

Q.1 What is Carnatic music? Explain any two features of ‘Carnatic music’.

Ans. Carnatic music is a classical music tradition originating from South India. Two key features of Carnatic music are:

Raga System: It revolves around the concept of “ragas,” which are intricate melodic scales. Ragas provide the framework for composing and improvising music. Each raga has a unique set of ascending (Arohana) and descending (Avarohana) notes.

Tala System: Carnatic music employs a complex rhythmic structure called “tala.” Talas are rhythmic cycles with specific beats and patterns that guide the timing and rhythm of musical compositions and performances. They add depth and structure to the music.

Q.2 Write the four noble truths of Buddhist philosophy.

Ans. Four great truths of Buddhism:

Community of Dhukkha: According to Buddhist philosophy, Dhukkha is the fundamental truth of the world, and all beings are entangled in it.
Reason for craving: They believe that craving i.e. attachment and desire is the main reason for the suffering of living beings.
Path to Nirvana: They believe that Nirvana, i.e. freedom from suffering, is through self-realization and self-purification.
Following Aryamarga: Followers of Buddhism try to attain Nirvana by following Aryamarga, i.e. the path of Buddhism.

Q.3 Why has ‘adventure tourism’ been gaining popularity in the recent times in India ? Explain.

Ans. At present adventure tourism is gaining popularity in India as it is attractive for many reasons:

Natural Beauty: Adventure tourism destinations in India are full of natural beauty, such as mountains, forests, rivers, and seas.
Cultural and historical importance: Tourists get a chance to understand Indian heritage by visiting cultural and historical sites located in different regions of India.
Passion for Exploration: The younger generation is fond of exploring new places and crossing their boundaries, and adventure tourism provides this opportunity.
Activity and Fitness: Adventure tourism involves playing, hiking, trekking, biking, and other physical activities, thereby promoting fitness and healthy lifestyle of the people.
Social media and commercialization : Promotion of tourism through social media has increased the awareness of adventure tourism among the people, and with this the tourism industry is also growing.

For all these reasons, adventure tourism is gaining prominence in India as a natural beauty, cultural heritage, and a natural challenge for fitness.

Q.4 Explain the two main teachings of ‘Jainism’.

Ans. Main teachings of Jainism:

Non-Violence: Non-violence is considered important in Jainism. Even Jain monks and nuns are required not to crush even the smallest insect. Practicing non-violence is part of religious practice through understanding, friendship, and peace with living beings.
Pluralism: Pluralism has an important place in Jainism, which means that truth can be seen in many ways and there can be a part of truth from every point of view. This education inspires consent, harmony, and cooperation for the entire humanity.

Apart from Jainism, there are other important teachings such as Aparigraha (Non-Possessiveness), Satya (Truth), Brahmacharya (Celibacy), and Tapa (Austerity). Jainism has provided an ideal example to the world through non-violence and anekantvad and has guided towards religious prosperity.

Q.5 Name the four ‘Dhams’ which are the most important religious tourists places of Hindus.

Ans. There are four important religious tourist destinations in Hinduism, known as “Char Dham”:

Badrinath Dham: It is the first site of Char Dham and is famous for the temple of Yogi Badrinath, which is located in Uttarakhand.
Dwarka Dham: Dwarka is located on the western edge of Gujarat and is famous for the temple of Lord Krishna.
Jagannathpuri Dham: Jagannathpuri, located in Odisha, is famous for the temple of Lord Jagannath.
Rameshwaram Dham: Located in Rameshwaram district of Tamil Nadu, which is famous for the temple of Lord Shri Ram.

These Char Dham are major pilgrimage sites of Hinduism, and religious tourists from all over the world come here to fulfill their spiritual ideals.

Q.6 Explain the concept of ‘leadership’.

Ans. ‘Leadership’ is a management and directing skill in which necessary decisions and guidance are provided by an individual or group. The leader brings prosperity and recognition to the team or organization by providing special abilities, trust, and direction. He organizes people, motivates them, finds solutions to problems, and provides guidance for achieving goals. Leadership can appear in different forms in different situations, and it is important for the achievement of individual or group objectives.

Q.7 Describe the teachings of Sikhism.

Ans. Sikhism, founded by Guru Nanak Dev, is an important religious tradition of the Indian subcontinent. Its main teachings are as follows:

1. One God (One God): According to Sikhism, there is only one God and all human beings are His children. They can get closer to God through meditation and devotion together.

Service and Dedication (Seva and Bhakti): Service and charity have the greatest importance in the teachings of Sikhism. Members of the Sikh community are given the message of giving service, addressing issues of poverty, and idealizing their lives through devotion to God.
Guru Granth Sahib (Guru Granth Sahib): It is the main scripture of Sikhism, which is called Guru Granth Sahib. It is considered to be a collection of principle teachings of advanced gurus and is a repository of religious songs, hymns and other religious literature.
Sangat and Panth (community and path): Sangat (community) and panth (path) have an important role in the Sikh community. Even the prominent Sikh Gurus of Sikhism used to perform bhajans, kirtans and seva with sangat in Gurudwaras.

Q.8 Discuss the main features of Islamic Culture.

Answer:- Main features of Islamic culture:

1. Tawheed (Oneness): The principle of Tawheed is important in Islam, which means that Allah is the only God and no one can share with Him.

Quran and Sunnah: The Quran and Sunnah (the practices and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad) are important in Islam, and are regarded as religious guidance.
Namaz (Prayer): It is important in Islamic culture to pray Namaz five times daily, in which the listed words are recited in a particular manner.
Fasting: During the month of Ramadan, Islamic persons are required to fast, which involves abstaining from eating, drinking, and other small matters of life during the day.
Hajj (Pilgrimage): Hajj is part of the pilgrimage of Muslims towards the city of Mecca to visit the House of Allah.
Sharia (Religious Law): Islam recognizes Sharia, which consists of religious instructions, social norms, and legal rules.
Arab culture being prominent: Islam originated in Arabia, and hence Arab culture has become a major part of it. Its main language is Arabic and the Quran is also in Arabic.

Religiosity and social ideals play an important role in the lives of Islamic communities, along with the underlying values and priorities of Islamic culture.

Q.9 Give a description of the early human migration.

Ans. To give a description of early human migration, we have to briefly study the migration of humans from the prehistoric period to the historical period. These migrations occurred for a variety of reasons, such as climate, exploration, war, trade, religion, and diverse cultural motivations.

Predestination Period: Humans of this time lived in natural habitats for all their lives. They kept moving to find their homes for washing, for food, and for safety. This was the earliest human migration in their life, occurring only to meet everyday needs.
Exploration: When humans started exploring places across the oceans, it was an important migration. They set out to discover new lands and as a result began settling in new places.
Trade: Human migration has also been taking place for the purpose of trade. They used to take goods from other places to their place for trading and used different routes for this.
War: Many times due to war, human people were forced to leave their homes and go to other places. During the war, citizens of war-torn states migrated with their families to seek safety and find safe places to live.
Religion and cultural migration: Religion and cultural migration also play an important role in human history. People go to different places for religious pilgrimages and participate in their religious practices and impromptu programs there.

These are examples of different types of early human migrations that have occurred for a variety of reasons throughout history. These migrations play an important role in the formation of modern society and have changed with the development of human civilization.

Q.10 Explain tourism in the early period.

Ans. In the early period tourism was a very simple and mainly an activity in which people traveled for various reasons to get away from their local life. The characteristics of tourism at this time were as follows:

Travel based on need: In the early period, the main reason for tourism was need. People moved to other places for shelter, food, or safety. This included gathering wild food, finding other sites for cradle births, and evacuating during times of war.
Greater importance of security: In the early times, special care was taken about security along with travelling. People traveled alone or in groups, and they used mutual aid and caves to protect themselves.
Cultural and Religious Travel: In early times people often went for religious and cultural trips. They used to travel to pilgrimage sites and take part in their religious practices and improvised programs.
Social and Economic Exchanges: Tourism was an important part of social and economic exchanges. It was particularly part of trade and personal relationships between different communities and organizations, leading to social and economic change.
Commercial Tourism: Commercial tourism was also important in some areas. People traveled to other destinations to trade textiles, jewelry, food, and other goods, providing an opportunity to improve the economy.

Q.11 Write the importance of education and its association with tourism.

Ans. Education and tourism both play important roles in human life, and their relationship is deep. Following are some of the important reasons and relevances which are related with education and tourism:

Promotion of cultural knowledge:

Education plays an important role in the promotion of tourism, as it provides information and sensibility to the traveler to understand the cultural values, historical significance, and traditions of the destination.

Tourism can serve as a means of education, such as in the form of collection sites, collection centers, and cultural palaces.

Development of Expertise:

Travelers can develop their knowledge and expertise through tourism education. They are exposed to new destinations, languages, and cultures, thereby expanding their knowledge.

Social Awareness:

Tourism provides the traveler with an opportunity to interact with other societies and various organizations, thereby developing social awareness and a sense of social cooperation.

Economic Development:

Tourism can be important for economic development, as it promotes natural beauty, terrestrial arts and crafts, and market trade for terrestrial textiles and food items.

Environmental Awareness:

Through tourism, travelers visit various natural sites and understand the importance of preserving these sites. It promotes environmental awareness and promotes social cooperation for environmental protection.

Q.12 Explain any four characteristics of ‘folk music’.

Ans. Folk music especially.

Localism and cultural diversity: Folk music is part of a local or ancient cultural community and is closely related to local culture and traditions. It occurs in different forms in different places of the world and reveals cultural diversity.
Shravangranthi (Aural Tradition): Much of folk music is traditionally learned through Shravangranthi, in which the musician or singer learns and plays the ideal form by listening to the songs and the building movements of the music.
Social and political competitions: Folk music is often an important part of social and political competitions and is used in various competitions of the society, such as farmers’ fairs and festivals.
Expression of various aspects of life: Folk music can also be a medium to express various aspects of human life. It can communicate religious sentiments, social messages, stories about natural places, and other topics.

Q.13 Explain any four characteristics of ‘Folk Music’.

Ans:- Folk music especially

Shravangranthi (Aural Tradition): Much of the folk music is traditionally learned through Shravangranthi, in which the musician or singer learns and plays the ideal form by listening to the songs and the building movements of the music.

Q.14 Analyse any six factors that affect tourism.

Describe the need for travel insurance.

Ans. Travel insurance, also known as travel protection insurance, is a type of insurance that aims to provide financial protection to travelers against sudden and unexpected events that may occur during their travel. Travel insurance covers specified expenses related to unexpected accidents, illnesses, trip cancellations, and other calamities that may occur during a trip. Following are some of the main reasons why travel insurance may be required:

Medical emergency: If you become ill while traveling and need medical attention, travel insurance can cover medical expenses.
Trip Cancellation Circumstances: There are times when a trip may have to be cancelled, such as unexpected aircraft conditions, illness in the family, or environmental reasons. Travel insurance can cover its expenses.
Bag loss or theft: Getting your clothing, jewelry, or other valuables lost or stolen can be a common occurrence while traveling. Travel insurance can pay for this.
Injury to you during travel: You are likely to get injured while traveling, and this may require medical treatment and hospital stay. Travel insurance can provide you the comfort for this.
Lost or stolen while traveling: Losing or stealing your money, jewelry, or passport while traveling can be a hardship. Travel insurance can pay for such incidents.

Q.15 Mention any four characteristics of Bengali food.

Bengali cuisine is a rich and delicious Indian food tradition and has many specialties. Following are the four main features:

Mishti and Sweets: A major feature of Bengali food is its Mishti and Sweets, called “Mishti”. Bengali mishtis are characterized by being made with milk and sugar syrup and contain rice, milk, sugar, and khoya. Rasgulla, sandesh, rasmalai, and mishti doi are some prominent examples.
Fish and sea food: Fish and sea food have special importance in Bengali food. The coastline of Bengal makes the cuisine delicious and diverse, and machhi is fried, grilled, or cooked as a curry.
Rasgulla and Sandesh: The main specialty of Bengali Mishti is Rasgulla and Sandesh, which are made of milk and melt in your mouth. These sweets are usually eaten on special occasions or after special meals.
Mixture and garam masala: Mixture and garam masala are widely used in Bengali food. The mixture is used in potatoes, cabbage, brinjal, and other vegetables, making them tasty and delicious. Bengali curries are also cooked with spices and often eaten with mishti.

These characteristics of Bengali food make it a unique and delicious eating experience and make it an important part of the Indian food tradition.

Q.16 What is ‘Carnatic’ Music ?

Ans.” Karnataka music” is a major provincial priority of Indian classical music, and is an important part of the four main elements of Indian music (Gramya, Taala, Melody, and Raga). Carnatic music is considered a part of South Indian music and is performed in major musical courts and temples in the state of Karnataka.

Q.17 Tell any four characteristics of Kamakhya temple?

Ans . Kamakhya Temple, located in the Indian state of Assam, is a major Hindu pilgrimage site and has many features:-

1. Shakti Peeth: Kamakhya Temple is considered an important Shakti Peeth. It is considered an important place of worship of Mother Kamakhya and various pujas and rituals are conducted here.

Ambubachi Mahotsav: Ambubachi Mahotsav is celebrated every June in the Kamakhya Temple, which is the occasion of the natural monthly monthly yearly arrival of Mother Kamakhya. Thousands of pilgrims come here during this festival.
Unique Sanctum Sanctorum: The sanctum sanctorum of Kamakhya temple especially symbolizes the yoni of Maa Kamakhya. Here Mother Kamakhya is worshiped in the sanctum sanctorum, and men are not allowed to enter here.
Wildlife and Natural Beauty: The environment of Kamakhya Temple is full of natural beauty and the wildlife here is protected. The greenery and natural environment around the temple make it a unique site.

Q.18 Explain the main characteristics of Carnatic music?

Raga-Tala Principles: The principles of Raga and Tala are important in Carnatic music. The artists and teachers here present music using the tunes of ragas and control the tempo and content of the music through taal.
Pace and rhythm: Pace and rhythm have an important place in Carnatic music. Gati is related to rhythm, while laya is according to raga.
Instruments and singing: Both instruments and singing play an important role in Carnatic music. In this, the primary and secondary form of music is formed by the combination of various instruments and singers.
Ragamalika: Ragamalika, i.e. preludes of one raga after another, is an important repository in Carnatic music. This makes the musical form even richer and more varied.
Works and Classification: The works, i.e. vocal and instrumental music, and the classification, i.e. compositions, are important in Carnatic music. It contains various types of works and compositions, such as Varnamalika, Kritiswaramalika, etc.

Q.19 Mention any four stages of group development.

Ans. The process of group development can be divided into four stages:

Forming: In this first stage, the group is formed. This is where individuals decide to come together, and the goals, objectives, and structure of the group are decided upon. The process of building relationships among members and deciding the role of the group is also involved in this stage.
Storming: In this stage, spontaneous disputes, irreconcilable differences of opinion, and friction about expertise may occur among group members. This stage can be important for considering the internal activities of the group and the expansion of roles.
Norming (shared rules and standards): In this stage, group members attempt to establish shared rules, standards, and discipline. This stage is important for clarifying the goals and objectives of the group and the process of building consensus and harmony among the members.
Performing (action and progress): In this final stage, the group commits to its objectives and takes shared action. The group strives to achieve its goals through its actions and maximizes its performance potential.

Q.20 Mention any four characteristics of Howrah Bridge.

Ans . Mention any four following features of Howrah Bridge.

Length and Span: Howrah Bridge is approximately 7 kilometers long, making it one of the longest bridges in the world. This bridge connects the states by crossing the Yamuna river and promotes traffic.
Arch-Dam Design: Howrah Bridge has an arch-dam or semi-circular arch design, giving it a unique and striking view.
Important Link of Transport: Howrah Bridge functions entirely as a linking structure for both waterways and roadways. It connects Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh and Howrah region of Bihar and supports vehicular and railway traffic.
Important national and international connectivity: Howrah Bridge is a part of the Indian National Highway NH-27 and also plays the role of international connectivity between India and Nepal.

Q.21 Who was the founder of Buddhism? How did he become a saint? explain

Ans. The founder of Buddhism was Lord Gautam Buddha. He was a noble prince who gave up his happy life and tried to attain freedom from suffering through penance and self-development. He was born about 2500 years ago at a place called Lumbini, which is now part of Nepal.

The life of Gautam Buddha is an important source of inspiration and example. He pursued spiritual studies, penances, and meditations during his life, and he inaugurated the Four Noble Truths, known as “Chario Arya Satya”:-

There is suffering in life (dukkha): The Buddha explained that there is suffering in life, such as birth, old age, disease, and death.
The cause of suffering is craving (Samudaya): They teach that the root cause of suffering is craving and attachment, which means it is the result of our will and self-consciousness’s desire and imagination to acquire everything.
Can eliminate suffering (niroddha): He taught that the way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate craving, which can be achieved through self-realization and bodhi.
The Way to End Suffering: Finally, the Buddha advised the practice of meditation, mindfulness, and compassion to achieve the path to end suffering.

Q.22 Explain any four operative functions of Human Resource Management (HRM).

Ans. There are many functional functions in Human Resource Management (HRM), out of which the four main functions are as follows:-

Recruitment and Selection: This function is the most important part of HRM, which involves the process of selecting suitable candidates based on the requirements of the organization. This function governs the process of finding, interviewing, and selecting the right and qualified candidates.
Administrative Management: This function is involved in conducting various administrative functions, such as management of salaries, allowances, grants, and other benefits of employees, time-table preparation, and other administrative tasks.
Administrative Development (Training and Development): In this function HRM organizes various administrative development programs and training sessions so that the employees can improve their skills and performance.
Employee Relations: This function helps in managing the relationship between the employees of the organization. It helps in managing crises and disputes, fostering organizational relationships, and managing employee communication.

These functional functions help in fulfilling the core requirements of HRM and play an important role in maintaining relations with the employees of the organization.

Q.23 What are the two types of travel agencies?

Ans. Travel agencies can generally be divided into two types:

Authorized (Full-Service) Travel Agencies: These travel agencies provide complete planning and arrangement of the trip. These include some of the major authorized travel agencies, such as:
Travelocity

These agencies provide hotel reservations, flight booking, car rental, package tours, cruise booking, and other travel services.

Online Travel Agencies: These travel agencies provide travel services through online medium, and provide travelers the freedom to make travel arrangements and bookings on their own. Following are some of the major online travel agencies:
TripAdvisor

Through these agencies, travelers can compare various options and choose the cheapest and convenient travel option.

Q.24 What is the role of front office in a hotel ?

Ans. The main role of the head office in a hotel is to administer the management of the hotel. It includes the functions of administration, finance, reservations, marketing, marketing, and passenger service. The head office plays a vital role in the public management of the hotel and providing facilities.

Q.25 Describe the role of the sanitation department in a hotel.

Ans. The Hygiene Department handles hygiene and safety issues at the hotel and ensures that the travelers stay in a safe and hygienic environment. Its duties include monitoring, cleaning, and operating bathrooms, restrooms, and public areas. This department also cares about the service of food and gives priority to food safety. Its objective is to provide a safe and clean experience to the passengers.

Q.26 What is the meaning of Takhats ?

Ans. “Takhats” typically refer to elevated and ornate seats or thrones, especially in the context of Sikhism. These are special seats used for religious and ceremonial purposes in Sikh gurdwaras (places of worship). Takhats are places of significance and respect in Sikhism and serve as the seat of authority for the leaders of different Sikh religious organizations. The term “Takhats” is often associated with religious authority and leadership in the Sikh faith.

Q.27 What are the main objectives of human resource planning?

Ans. The main objectives of human resource planning are as follows:-

Meeting user needs: The main objective of human resource planning is to ensure that organizations provide adequate human resources to meet the needs of their employees. This involves training and dedication to the appropriate skills.

Ensuring equality of employees in the organization: Through human resource planning, the organization ensures justice and equality among the users, thereby eliminating casteism, sexism, and other discriminations.

Adherence to administrative and ethical values: Human resource planning adheres to the administrative and ethical values of the organization which maintains the integrity of the organization and increases morality among the employees.

Improving administrative efficiency and performance: Through human resource planning, the organization improves administrative efficiency and monitors the performance of employees, thereby improving work performance.

Popularity and protection of brand image: By a good human resource planning, the organization attracts good employees, thereby increasing its popularity and protecting the brand image.

Achieving the goals of the organization: Through human resource planning the organization helps in achieving its goals as it acquires employees with appropriate skills and commitment and makes their structural contribution.

Q.28 Explain the role and functions of the Ministry of Tourism.

Ans. The Ministry of Tourism is a government department whose main objective is to manage and operate tourism and environment related works of the country. This ministry provides useful services to tourists and handles environmental protection matters.

Explanation of some main functions:

Tourism Development: The Ministry of Tourism formulates plans for the development and management of the tourism sector of the country and puts them into action. It provides support so that tourists can get facilities to visit various tourist destinations in the country.
Tourist safety: The Ministry organizes a number of means for tourist safety, such as the training and management of tourist police and safety guides.
Environmental Protection: The Ministry conducts environmental protection matters and strives to judge and safeguard the environmental impact of commercial tourism.
Providing information to tourists: The Ministry provides essential information to tourists during their travels, such as information about tourist destinations, travel regulations, and local art, culture, and special attractions.

Q.29 Define the term ‘Sanitation’. Describe the role of sanitation department.

Ans. The word cleanliness means the state of being clean and free from harmful elements, dirt, germs, and pests of any kind. It is very important for a healthy and safe life and is necessary for a good lifestyle in the society. Elements of hygiene may include clean water, clean environment, state of cleanliness, and pleasantness of hands.

The role of this department is as follows:

Sanitation Campaigns: The Sanitation Department manages cleanliness campaigns aimed at keeping public places, roads, parks, and other places clean and free from harmful substances.
Hygiene Education: This department organizes education programs to spread the importance of hygiene and hand hygiene among the public so that people understand it and share it in their daily life.
Waste management: The sanitation department is also responsible for waste management, such as assessing the safety and environmental impact of waste and developing plans for proper waste disposal.
Adherence to sanitary standards: The sanitation department follows standards that are designed to ensure the cleanliness of public places, and takes action as per these standards.

Q.30 Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism.

Ans. The negative economic effects of tourism can be as follows:

Pollution: Tourists coming from tourism and tourism related activities can often become sources of pollution. Large tourist crowds, traffic jams, increased demand for use of hotels and restaurants, and especially disregard for environmental protection rules can increase environmental pollution.
Social and cultural impacts: When the tourism industry grows rapidly, it can put social and cultural pressures on local communities. The increased influx of tourists into the local population can lead to cultural problems, such as overuse of environmental resources and disregard for local language and cultural values.
Social and economic inequality: As tourism grows rapidly, economic inequality may also increase. Demand for jobs in hotels, restaurants, and other tourism services industries may increase, but these jobs often promote social and economic inequality because they are generally not well-paid and highly rated jobs.
More travel and migratory pressure: When the number of tourists is high in an area, travel and migratory pressure may increase. This can lead to over-travel and traumatic experiences for local people with migrants, and can have an impact on the local economic and social structure.
Increasing demand for strategic summers and vacations: The increased demand for strategic summers and vacations in the tourism sector may lead to increased demand for hotels, airlines, and transportation services, which may increase their prices and affect the locals.

Features of road transport

Following are some important features of road transport:

General Availability: Road Transport Roads are widely available all over the world, and it is one of the most accessible means of transport for a common person.
Individualization: Road transport facilitates individualization, which means it can be organized according to individual travel needs and time schedules.
Wider travel capacity: The system of road transport provides greater traveling capacity and helps people to reach various remote places.
Safety: Improved safety standards can be followed with road transport, such as road signs, condition monitoring, and checking of trains.
Beneficial economy: Road transport provides a means of delivering clothing, food, equipment, and other essential materials to people, which can stimulate economic growth.
Cultural richness: Through road transport, people get the opportunity to visit various places and cultural sites and understand their cultural heritage.
Business Importance: Road transport is important for business profits, as it helps in delivering products to their customers and helps in conducting various marketing activities.
Learning Potential: Road transport system provides learning potential to the people especially in cities and population concentrated areas of education, housing, and employment.

Q.32 Describe architectural styles of Harappan civilization.

The urban area of the Harappan civilization had two parts – the Upper town and the Lower town.
In the Harappan period, apart from the use of solid and fixed size bricks, wood and stone were also used in the buildings.
A verandah was built in the center of the house and the main gate always opened at the back of the house.
Covered drains were made to drain the dirty water of the house and these were connected to the main drain to drain the dirty water.
Evidence of water supply system has been found from ‘Dholavira’ where rain water was purified and supplied.
The Harappan civilization has two-storey buildings, stairs, use of solid bricks, but circular pillars and windows in the house are not the trend.
No clear evidence of temple was found anywhere in the cities of Harappan civilization.

Q.33 Examine the steps taken by the Government of India to promote tourism.

Ans. The Government of India has taken many important steps to promote tourism, some of the main ones are:-

Clean India Mission: The government has launched “Clean India Mission” which aims to make India clean and healthy. Under this, cleanliness of roads, tourist places, and cities is being promoted, which increases tourist attraction.
Ministry of Tourism Trends: The Government of India has established the Ministry of Tourism Trends, whose objective is to develop and promote the tourism sector of the country.
Veteran Tourism Projects: The Government of India has made substantial investments in the development of tourist destinations under several important tourism projects such as “Clean Ganga,” “PRASAD (Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive),” and “Ayushman Bharat.”
Reforms in Visa Policy: The Government of India has reformed the visa policy for foreign tourists to visit India, making travel easier and encouraging more foreign tourists to visit India.
Other schemes related to tourism: The Government of India has launched many other schemes for the development of tourism, such as several schemes for development of tourist destinations, mass tourism, and support to tourism related industries.
Management of tourist safety: The Government has given importance to the safety and security of tourists, especially women and foreign tourists.
Promotion of local experiences: The government has launched several schemes to promote bio and cultural tourism to promote local experiences, allowing tourists to understand the local culture and traditions more.

Q.34 Discuss the growth pattern of world tourism since 1950.

Ans. There have been many significant changes and extreme improvements in the development patterns of world tourism since the 1950s. Following are some of the main steps:

Human development and economic reforms: After the Second World War, human development and economic reforms took place all over the world, which improved the economic condition of the people and gave them more spending power. As a result, more people had the economic opportunity to travel.
Development of air transport: The development of air transport made more distant travel possible, and it became a means for world tourists to travel to remote destinations.
Increased communication and affordability: Technological advancement has increased the ease of communication and affordability, giving people more affordability to go about their travels.
Environmental Awareness: Environmental awareness has changed people’s attitude towards travelling. People are taking precautions to preserve natural beauty and are attracted to more natural destinations.
Travel with cultural needs: People are now traveling more to enjoy cultural and experiential travel, in which they experience local art, culture, and cuisine.
Promotion of cultural tourism: Many countries have made special schemes to promote cultural tourism, so that they can share their culture with the world.
Mobile and Internet access: Can make travel plans, make reservations for hotels and travel facilities, and get travel related information.
Health and Ayurvedic Tourism: Health and Ayurvedic tourism has been promoted, in which people travel to improve their health.

Q.35 Analyze the present trend in international tourism.

Ans. Following are some of the main trends of international tourism at present:

Safety and Health Awareness: Presently, tourists are becoming more conscious in terms of safety and health. The COVID-19 pandemic has made this even more important, and tourists are now more conscious of safe and healthy travel.
Cultural and natural tourism: People are going abroad to enjoy more cultural and natural travel. They are trying to learn about the local culture, historical sites, and natural beauty.
More equipped travel: Tourists are now moving towards more equipped travel. They prefer to organize their trips with better facilities, hotels, and travel guides.
Sciensi Tourism: International tourists are now heading to different lands for Sciensi tourism. This is an important trend to promote science tourism.
Modern Travel Mechanism: With technological advancement, the use of travel mechanisms and apps has made traveling accessible and interactive. The travel system is now used for hotel booking, ticket reservations, and guide services.
Growth in learning potential: There is growth in learning potential towards more destinations for travel, and this is creating new and more growing markets in the tourism sector.
Modernization Approaches: There has been a modernization approach in travel services and tourism infrastructure, making travel more convenient.
Cyber Tourism: There has been a growth in the field of virtual travel and cyber tourism, in which people explore different destinations in the world through virtual travel.

Q.36 Explain the various managerial roles and their relevance in tourism organizations

Ans. Explain the various managerial roles and their relevance in tourism organizations

There are various managerial roles in tourism organizations, which are important in the smooth running and development of these organizations. Following are some of the main managerial roles and their relevance:

Tourism Manager: Tourism managers are the central managers of the organization and administer the planning and management of the organization’s programs and tourism packages. Their function may be to share with various organizations and places and plan to provide facilities for tourists.
Tourism Marketing Manager: Tourism marketing managers manage the marketing and promotional functions of a tourism organization. Their work may involve planning and implementing marketing campaigns, creating marketing strategies, and finding ways to attract tourists.
Financial Manager: Financial managers are responsible for the financial management of the tourism organization. Their job may include directing budget preparation, managing transactions, and financial reporting.
Legal Manager: Statutory managers manage the legal affairs of the tourism organization. Their job may be to provide legal advice and oversee legal protection for the organization.
Social Tourism Manager: Social tourism managers manage social tourism programs and social services for tourists, such as guided tours and community-based tourism.
Customer Relationship Manager: Tourist relationship managers work to build relationships with tourists and meet their supply needs. Their function may be to ensure the satisfaction and return of tourists.
Tourism Safety Manager: Tourist safety managers manage the safety and security of tourists. It helps in ensuring security related matters such as emergency response and sharing measures for the safety of tourists.

Q.37 Enlist the main objectives of HRM.

Ans. The main objectives of Human Resource Management (HRM) may be the following:

Employee Management: The main objective of HRM is to manage the employees and conduct their work in the organization smoothly with hiring, administrative work, and support.
Stability and minimum crisis: HRM helps in providing stability and good jobs to the organization to ensure its stability and minimum crisis.
Travel Planning: It helps in managing material, travel booking, and travel planning of employees of the organization.
Employee contractuality: HRM creates measures to ensure strict adherence to contractual and ethics for employees.
Progress of the organization: The objective of HRM is to support the progress and development of the organization and encourage the employees for the success of decentralization.
Management of biological resources: HRM creates measures to manage biological resources, such as recruitment, training and development, and infrastructure.

Q.38 Distinction between Oral and Written Communication

Ans. Oral Communication

Messages are exchanged verbally
Messages are exchanged quickly
Easy to maintain secrecy
More useful for short messages
Provides no record
It may not be precise

Written Communication

Messages are expressed in written words
Exchange of messages takes time
Difficult to maintain secrecy
More useful for long messages
Provides record and reference
Can be expressed precisely

Q.39 Steps for Building an Effective Team ?

Consider each employee’s ideas as valuable.
Be aware of employees’ unspoken feelings.
Be clear when communicating.
Encourage trust and cooperation among employees on your team.
Encourage team members to share information.
Delegate problem-solving tasks to the team.
Facilitate communication.
Make sure that you have a clear idea of what you need to accomplish.
Set ground rules for the team.
Establish a method for arriving at a consensus.
Encourage listening and brainstorming.

Q.40 Difference between advertising and sales promotion.

Ans. Advertising

Advertising is impersonal in nature.
It is aimed at creating demand.
It targets a huge population at a time.
Advertising does not provide immediate feedback.

Sales Promotion

Sales promotion is personal in nature.
It is aimed at increasing sale.
Its scope is limited as compared to advertising.
Sales promotion provides immediate feedback to companies.

Q.41 Online Travel Agency

Ans. OTA or Online Travel Agency is a typical travel agency resembling an offline travel agency in all its services but operations on the internet through a website connected to a global distribution system. There is an increasing demand for online services these days as the cyber population is increasing at a great scale. The OTAs apply the operational mechanisms of e-commerce and transact online with their customers.

Q.42 Mention two major types of travel agencies?

Ans.1 Online Travel Agencies: These agencies provide travel services through websites and applications. Travelers can book online for various of their travel needs, such as ticket booking, hotel booking, car booking, tour packages, and other services. Popular online travel agencies include MakeMyTrip, Cleartrip, Goibibo, Yatra, and Expedia.

Traditional or offline travel agencies: These travel agencies are present at brick-and-mortar locations and provide personalized service. They advise travelers on services like hotels, tickets, tour packages, transport, etc. and make travel arrangements. Examples of traditional travel agencies may include Thomas Cook, Cox & Kings, SOTC, and Carlson Wagonlit Travel.

With travel agencies you can easily plan your trip and choose the services as per your needs.

Q.43 Explain the development of tourism in the world.

Ans. Tourism is developed as an economic and social sector by making use of the substantial natural beauty, cultural heritage, historical sites, and attractions of a state, region, or country. The development of tourism is an important and commercial activity around the world, and can also be a means of stimulating economic literacy, employment, and the development of industrial industries.

While explaining the development of tourism, the following major aspects can be taken into consideration:

Economic Development: Tourism can be an important source of economic development. The tourism industry provides a source of jobs, encourages local businesses, and boosts income.
Cultural development: Tourism often promotes cultural diversity. It introduces people to different cultures and lifestyles and promotes cultural humility.
Management of Natural Resources: Through the development of tourism, natural resources can be managed safely and carefully. This can also lead to protection of the environment and conservation of nature.
Development of Infrastructure: Infrastructure required for the development of tourism, such as hotels, restaurants, transportation, and security services, is developed.
Social improvements: Tourism development can lead to social improvements, such as increased need for education, health services, and social harmony.
Safety and Security: Special concern is given to the safety and security of tourists, and security measures are developed for this.
Local prosperity: Tourism development can encourage local prosperity, such as by showcasing local arts, crafts, and crafts.

Q.44 Differentiate between cultural and natural attractions.

Ans. Cultural and natural attractions are two different types of tourism attractions and they have some important differences:

Cultural Attractions:

Basis: Cultural attractions are based on cultural heritage, historical sites, art and cultural performances.
Objective: Their main objective is to promote cultural knowledge, cultural experience, and historical literacy.
Examples: Ekadashi, fairs, historical places (such as Taj Mahal), art performances (such as exhibitions and concerts) etc.

Natural Attractions:

Basis: Natural attractions are based on natural beauty, wildlife, mountains, lakes, seas, wild animals, and natural sports.
Objective: Their main objective is to enjoy natural beauty, encourage nature conservation, and to give peace to the soul by connecting with natural life.
Examples: Desert climate of Jaisalmer, Lake of Nainital, Exploring jungle and wildlife safaris, and trekking in hilly areas etc.

Q.45 Write a note on puppet.

Ans. Puppet play is very famous in our country. People are entertained through this game. In puppet play, stories of kings, animals and other types of entertaining, educational stories are told. Puppets entertain people. Children are most pleased with puppet play. People who perform puppet shows tie puppets with fine threads and tell their stories by singing songs.

Q.46 Describe the teachings of Guru Nanak.

Ans. Guru Nanak Dev Ji was the first Guru of Sikhism and the founder of the Sikh community. His teachings were based on many aspects of religious, social, and humanities. Here are some important teachings that were part of Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s message:

Principle of Unity: Guru Nanak Dev Ji, instead of considering all human beings as children of one God, viewed caste, religion, and caste differences from a negative perspective. He encouraged everyone towards the principles of equality, cooperation, and harmony.
Importance of service and charity : Guru Nanak Dev Ji explained the importance of service and charity. He encouraged social service, help to the poor, and sympathy for the destitute and believed that only through this does true religion grow.
Righteous Path: Guru Nanak talked about the right path of religion. He said that religiosity does not just mean following religious activities, but also means upliftment of the soul, contemplation of God with true heart, and following good deeds.
Spiritual Awareness: Guru Nanak Dev Ji explained the important role of spirituality. He said that spiritual experience and building a relationship with God should be the main objective of human life.
Humanity and Compassion: Guru Nanak Dev Ji explained the importance of humanity and compassion. He opposed cruelty and ruthlessness instead of sympathy and love towards the poor and helpless section of the society.

Q.47 Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC)

Ans. The main objectives of the ITDC is to:

Construct, take over and mange existing hotels and market hotels, beach resorts, travellers’ lodges/restaurants.
Provide transport, entertainment, shopping and conventional services.
Produce and distribute tourist publicity material.
Render consultancy-cum-managerial services in India and overseas.
Carry on the business as Full-Fledged Money Changer (FFMC), restricted money changers etc.
Provide innovative, dependable and value for money solutions to the needs of tourism development and engineering including providing consultancy and project implementation.

Q.48 What are the main components of the tourism industry?

Ans. There are several major components of the tourism industry.

Food and Beverages
Travel Business
Events and Conferences
Tourism Services

Q.49 Name the major hill stations of North India

Ans. There are many major hill stations in North India, which are important for tourism and transportation. Following are some of the major hill stations:-

Srinagar Hill Station
Manali Hill Station
Shimla Hill Station
Jaisalmer Hill Station
Gulmarg Hill Station
Kullu-Manali Hill Station
Nainital Hill Station
Mansa Devi Hill Station
Dharamshala Hill Station

Q.50 Why do we study tourism? And what effect does it have on our lives?

Ans. Studying tourism is important for several reasons, and it has a significant impact on our lives:

Economic Significance: Tourism is a major industry in many countries and regions, contributing significantly to the economy through job creation, revenue generation, and infrastructure development. Understanding tourism helps individuals and governments harness its economic potential, leading to better livelihoods and improved living standards.
Cultural Exchange: Tourism fosters cultural exchange and understanding. When people travel to different destinations, they encounter new cultures, traditions, and ways of life. This exposure promotes tolerance, empathy, and a broader perspective on the world’s diversity.
Environmental Awareness: Tourism often takes place in natural settings like mountains, beaches, and wildlife reserves. Learning about tourism includes understanding the environmental impact it can have. This awareness encourages responsible and sustainable tourism practices, helping to preserve natural resources for future generations.
Social Benefits: Tourism can lead to improved infrastructure, healthcare facilities, and education in tourist destinations. It can also promote the preservation of local traditions and heritage, thus benefiting the local community.
Personal Growth: Traveling and experiencing new environments can be personally enriching. It broadens one’s horizons, fosters adaptability, and enhances problem-solving skills. It also offers opportunities for relaxation and stress relief.
Career Opportunities: The tourism industry offers a wide range of career opportunities, including in hospitality, event management, travel agencies, and more. Studying tourism can open doors to a rewarding career in a growing field.
Economic Diversification: For many regions, tourism provides an alternative source of income, reducing dependency on a single industry. This economic diversification can make communities more resilient to economic downturns.
International Relations: Tourism can strengthen international relations and diplomacy. It promotes people-to-people connections and can serve as a bridge between nations, fostering cooperation and understanding.
Crisis Management: Understanding tourism is crucial in managing crises like natural disasters or health emergencies, as the industry can be severely affected. Professionals trained in tourism can play a key role in disaster response and recovery efforts.

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General Information

Moscow CityPass

The Moscow CityPass is a tourist card that gives you free entry to more than 40 top attractions in the Russian capital, including the Kremlin and Saint Basil's Cathedral.

Included attractions

The 10 most popular attractions included with the Moscow CityPass are:

Saint Basil's Cathedral
Bunker-42 Museum
Tretyakov Gallery
Tsaritsyno Palace Museum
Museum of the Patriotic War 1812
State Historical Museum
Great Wooden Palace of Tsar Alexis I in Kolomenskoye
Moscow Sightseeing Bus Pass
Moscow River Cruise

Moscow CityPass Prices

You can buy the Moscow CityPass for a duration of 1, 2, 3 or 5 days depending how long you're planning to spend in the city.

Is it worth it?

Entrance into these attractions is worth much more than the cost of the CityPass, yet it offers even more, for example, the Pushkin Museum , the Museum of the History of Vodka and the Museum of Contemporary History , among others, plus discounts at restaurants, shows and shops. If you're already planning to visit these sights, then it's well worth buying the CityPass to save money on tickets.

Where to buy the Moscow CityPass?

You can buy your Moscow CityPass online in advance via our website . Then, all you need to do is collect it from the Komsomolskaya Tourist Information Centre (Komsomolskaya Square, 5-1), near the Komsomolskaya metro station. The office is open from 9 am until 8 pm.

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Moscow has seen its fair share of history, from invasions to revolutions: these days it is home to a wealth of culture and is one of the most populated capitals in the world.

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Tourism (337)
The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) formerly known as National Open School (NOS) was established in November 1989 as an autonomous organization in pursuance of National Policy on Education 1986 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India. NIOS is providing a number of Vocational, Life Enrichment and community oriented courses besides General and ...
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Q.5 Name the four 'Dhams' which are the most important religious tourists places of Hindus. Ans. There are four important religious tourist destinations in Hinduism, known as "Char Dham": Badrinath Dham: It is the first site of Char Dham and is famous for the temple of Yogi Badrinath, which is located in Uttarakhand.
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CONTACT INFO. 3-5-891, Tourism House Himayatnagar, Hyderabad - 500 029, Telangana, India. 1800-425-46464; [email protected]; www.tourism.telangana.gov.in
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NIOS TMA 2022 Tourism_337 Question Paper with Their Answers

NIOS TMA 2022 Tourism_337 Question Paper with Their Answers. Tourism (337) Tutor Marked Assignment 2021-22 Questions.

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below:

Note : Students who have chosen Gujarati, Bengali, Marathi, Hindi & Any other medium can also submit assignments in English or Hindi.

Nios Solved Assignment | Nios Tutor Marked Assignment | Online Nios Solved Assignment 2022.

NIOS SOLVED ASSIGNMENT SOFT COPY (E-COPY)

Direct Download link : Nios Solved Assignment (NIOS TMA) 2021-2022 All Subjects For 10th & 12th Class CLICK HERE

Working Location: All India

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