brazil travel security

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Brazil travel advice

Latest updates: The Health section was updated - travel health information (Public Health Agency of Canada)

Last updated: August 14, 2024 11:50 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, brazil - exercise a high degree of caution.

Exercise a high degree of caution in Brazil due to high crime rates and regular incidents of gang-related and other violence in urban areas.

Border areas - Avoid non-essential travel

• within 20 km of the border with Argentina, excluding Iguaçu National Park
• within 20 km of the border with Bolivia, excluding Pantanal National Park
• within 20 km of the border with Colombia
• within 20 km of the border with French Guiana
• within 20 km of the border with Guyana
• within 20 km of the border with Paraguay
• within 20 km of the border with Peru
• within 20 km of the border with Suriname
• within 50 km of the border with Venezuela

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Border areas

Criminal activity related to narcotics trafficking and arms smuggling poses a threat to your personal security.

If you choose to travel near border areas

• exercise caution at all times
• monitor local media to stay informed on the evolving situation
• follow instructions from local authorities and security forces

Crime rates are high throughout the country, particularly in:

• Porto Alegre
• Rio de Janeiro
• São Paulo

Tourists are mostly affected by theft, but incidents of violent crime have occurred.

Violent crime

Violent crime occurs, including:

• armed robbery
• sexual assault

Violent crime, often involving weapons, is common. Incidents of mass shootings occur, often resulting in casualties. Although tourists are rarely involved, you could be in the wrong place at the wrong time.

Violent crime often occurs in the following areas:

• Rio de Janeiro 
• Christ the Redeemer statue
• Copacabana Beach
• Corcovado Trail
• Ipanema Beach
• Lapa neighbourhood
• Santa Teresa neighbourhood
• around São Paulo Cathedral
• Avenida Paulista
• historical downtown area
• Municipal Market
• Princess Isabel Square
• Luz station
• Satellite cities of Brasilia
• Ceilândia
• Paranoá
• Santa Maria
• São Sebastião

If you decide to travel to these areas:

• be aware of your surroundings at all times
• avoid going out after dark  
• travel in groups
• avoid isolated areas
• don't resist an attack

Robberies occur regularly and often involve weapons such as guns and knives. Thieves generally target people who appear wealthy, such as those using cell phones and laptops. 

Robberies can occur anywhere.

Drive-by snatching by armed thieves on motorcycles occurs regularly, particularly in São Paulo and Porto Alegre. 

• Keep car windows and doors locked at all times
• If you feel threatened while driving, do not stop

Mass robberies ( arrastões ) involve a group of criminals that swarm public places and snatch valuable items such as cash, jewellery and cell phones. This type of crime can occur day and night at:

• traffic jams
• shopping centres
• restaurants

Criminals sometimes attempt to rob you by offering to help you if you appear lost. If you’re lost, go into a nearby business or hotel to ask for directions.  

Victims have been seriously injured or killed when resisting perpetrators, who were armed or under the influence of drugs.

Petty crime

Petty crime increases around big events and festivities, such as:  

• large-scale sporting events
• international conferences

Foreign tourists are most affected by theft. Petty theft, including pickpocketing, purse snatching and car theft, is common in Brazil’s large cities.

Thefts commonly occur at or near: 

• outdoor markets
• bars and nightclubs
• airports and bus stations
• parking lots

During your trip:

• keep your personal belongings, including your passport and your other travel documents in a secure place
• be aware of your surroundings, especially in busy tourist areas
• don’t carry large sums of cash or valuables unnecessarily
• don’t show signs of affluence or wear expensive jewellery
• avoid using your cell phone in public

Spiked food and drinks

Spiked food and drink incidents are increasing in Brazil, particularly in Rio de Janeiro.

Incidents of spiked food and drinks to force victims to use their debit or credit card to withdraw money from ATMs have been reported, including on beaches in Rio de Janeiro and crowded restaurants in São Paulo.

The use of drugs to facilitate sexual assault and robbery against foreigners has also been reported. Assaults frequently occur in unofficial taxis.

Incidents are most likely to occur:

• in bars and restaurants
• in nightclubs
• at public beaches

While you’re in Brazil:

• be wary of accepting items from new acquaintances
• never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers
• ask for drinks coming from sealed bottles or cans instead of in plastic cups

Express kidnappings

The number of kidnappings in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan area has significantly increased since 2022.

Criminals may kidnap a victim for a few hours and force them to withdraw funds at an ATM for their release. Thieves may put drugs into food and drinks, temporarily incapacitating victims, who become quickly disoriented and are vulnerable to kidnapping.

• Only use reputable cab companies or ride-sharing apps
• Avoid showing signs of affluence, such as using cell phones, headphones and wearing jewelry

Carjackings

Carjacking is common in cities, especially at night in remote areas. Theft often occurs at intersections and in tunnels. Perpetrators usually carry weapons.

• Keep doors and windows locked at all times
• Pay attention to your surroundings while waiting at traffic lights
• Avoid poorly lit areas
• Avoid stopping on the side of highways
• Be wary of strangers offering to help you  

Women’s safety

Sexual assault has been committed, including against foreign women.  

Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment or verbal abuse.

• Avoid walking alone at night
• Keep your hotel doors and windows locked
• Do not accept offers of transportation from strangers

Advice for women travellers

Home invasions

Home invasions by armed gangs occur, especially in December and January, when many people take summer or Christmas holidays. Affluent neighbourhoods and foreigners’ homes have been targeted by criminals due to perceived wealth.

Be aware that police response often takes time.

Organized crime

Organized crime associated with international drug trafficking occurs in Brazil, as it is situated along transit routes. This is most common in the north and northeastern regions.

Drug trafficking

An increasing number of travellers, particularly senior citizens, report having been used as unwitting drug couriers.

Penalties for drug-related criminal activities are severe. Even unsuspecting individuals transporting packages containing narcotics can be criminally charged and face long jail sentences.

Be wary of individuals, even those you know, who ask you to carry a suitcase from Brazil on their behalf.

Useful links

• Alcohol, drug and travel
• Warning to Canadian seniors targeted by international drug smuggling scams

Vulnerable neighborhoods

Vulnerable neighborhoods, commonly referred to as “favelas” or “comunidades”, are characterized by informal housing developments, crowded quarters, poorer conditions, and/or irregular construction.

Gang-related violence and organized crime is prevalent in these areas.  Access and assistance from emergency services is very limited.

Avoid renting accommodations in vulnerable neighborhoods, and travelling to these areas, even on a guided tour.

Police operations

Armed clashes and shootouts between security forces and alleged criminals regularly occur in vulnerable neighbourhoods. Police operations have led to retaliation by criminal gangs. Vulnerable neighbourhoods are located across major cities. As a result, there is risk of violence spilling over to neighbouring areas, including affluent neighbourhoods and tourist destinations. There have been casualties as a result of stray bullets in and near vulnerable neighbourhoods.

Common tourist scams include:

• carrying unsuspected drug packages
• online romance scams

Brazil is a drug trafficking hub. An increasing number of travellers have fallen victim to scams in which illegal drugs are hidden inside luggage that an acquaintance asked them to take with them when departing Brazil. Websites targeting senior citizens are reportedly a source of such scams.

Romance scams on dating sites or through social media have occurred. If you fall victim to a scam, you may be:

• a drug courier
• forced to transfer and withdraw money

Before travelling to Brazil to visit someone you met online:

• be wary of individuals who ask you to carry a package from Brazil on their behalf
• beware of people who show a keen interest in you online 

Useful links:

• Overseas fraud

Credit card and ATM fraud

Credit card and ATM fraud occur frequently. Criminals have used proximity card readers to charge the credit cards of unsuspecting persons.

When using your debit or credit card:

• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements
• consider disabling the tap function of your credit card

Cybercrime, malware attacks and online extortion occur in Brazil. Criminals can compromise public Wi-Fi networks to steal personal data or credit information.

• Be cautious when posting information or photos on social media
• Use your own USB adaptor or carry an extra battery pack
• Use secure public Wi-Fi networks
• Beware of people who show a keen interest in you online
• Cyber security while travelling

Demonstrations

Demonstrations occur frequently. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

2SLGBTQI+ persons

2SLGBTQI+ persons in Brazil have been victims of violence based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, or sex characteristics. Violent incidents include physical assault resulting in severe injury. Public displays of affection are more socially acceptable in larger cities, but they are not normally acceptable in most of the country.   

Public displays of affection are more socially acceptable in larger cities, but they are not normally acceptable in most of the country.   

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics  

Soccer matches and sports events

Sports events sometimes lead to rowdy behaviour and violent incidents.

• Avoid wearing team colours during soccer game days
• Be vigilant if you attend soccer matches and sports rallies
• Leave as soon as possible if violence breaks out

Coastal waters can be dangerous as riptides are common. Public beaches in major cities are often polluted and unfit for swimming.

• Respect the areas reserved for swimming  
• Always respect warning flags advising of dangerous conditions  
• Be wary of sharks, especially in Brazil’s northeast near Recife

Water safety abroad

Adventure tourism

Outdoor activities, such as hiking, can be dangerous in remote areas as trails may become impassable due to flash floods.

If you intend to participate in adventure tourism activities:  

• share your itinerary with a friend or family member if hiking alone
• stay on marked trails and consider hiring an experienced guide from a reputable company
• obtain detailed information on your activity and on the environment in which you will be setting out   

Visit Brazil - Tourism Committee of Brazil

Electricity outages

Power shortages occur regularly in major cities. Transport and business services can be disrupted. Most large hotels are equipped with a generator.

Road safety

Fatal accidents are frequent.

Roadside assistance is not widely available. If you need roadside assistance, call your vehicle insurance provider, or choose a commercial service available in your area.

Road conditions

Road conditions are generally good in large cities and on federal highways, especially those linking large cities. Regional highways are generally adequate but state and municipal roads in rural areas are often poorly maintained.

Driving can also be dangerous due to:

• lack of traffic signs
• unpaved roads  
• insufficient lighting  
•  landslides
• driving under the influence of alcohol

Driving habits

Drivers often disregard traffic laws, and Brazilian police do not strictly enforce them.

Drivers often speed and they can be aggressive and reckless. Motorcyclists often ride between lanes. Be careful when crossing the street, as drivers do not always give pedestrians the right of way.

Drinking and driving is common.

At night and in large cities, drivers commonly treat red lights as stop signs to protect against hold-ups at intersections.

If you choose to drive:

• be careful of motorbikes when changing lanes
• if you feel threatened at any time, do not stop
• if you are in a traffic accident, call the police immediately
• never confront the driver of another vehicle

Public transportation

Public transportation can be very crowded at peak transit times, and pickpocketing is common at bus and subway stations. Be extremely cautious when using public transportation at night.

Petty theft is common in the subway system, especially when crowded.

There are subway cars reserved for women and children in Rio de Janeiro and Brasilia.

Buses and coaches

There have been reports of theft and violence on city buses in Rio de Janeiro and near vulnerable neighbourhoods across the country, especially during rush hour.

Inter-city buses are generally reliable. Ensure that you use a reputable company before you book your travel.

Bus accidents occur regularly.

Major bus services charge fixed, pre-paid rates.

Do not use public vans.

Assaults, thefts, and scams often occur in unofficial taxis.

Registered taxis are identifiable and have a taxi meter to determine the legal fare. In Brasilia, most registered taxis are white with a green sign on the doors. In Rio de Janeiro, most registered taxis are yellow with a blue stripe and have a company’s name labelled near the blue stripe at the back. Malls and the airport often have their own registered taxis.

• Only use officially marked taxis
• Arrange your pickup with your hotel before arrival when travelling by air, or use authorized cabs at the airport
• Avoid paying with credit cards

Ridesharing apps

Ridesharing apps are available in Brazil. If you use a ridesharing app, confirm the driver’s identity and the licence plate before getting in the car.

Pirate attacks and armed robbery against ships occur in coastal waters in the north-east. Pirates have also attacked lodges along the Amazon River.

Live piracy report  - International Maritime Bureau’s Piracy Reporting Centre

We don’t make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards. 

Flying while in other countries   

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Brazilian authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave Brazil.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: not required for stays of up to 90 days until April 10, 2025 Business visa: not required for stays of up to 90 days  Student visa: not required for stays of up to 90 days

Length of stay

If you intend to stay more than 90 days, you must obtain an extension from the Federal Police before your authorized stay expires. You may be required to authenticate your documents.

• Extended stay in Brazil – Government of Brazil (in Portuguese)
• Immigration public services – Government of Brazil
• Authentication of documents

Other entry requirements 

Customs officials may ask you to show them: 

• a return or onward ticket 
• proof that you have sufficient funds for the duration of your stay 
• Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• Zika virus: Advice for travellers - 31 August, 2023
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024
• Dengue: Advice for travellers - 2 July, 2024
• Oropouche fever in the Americas - 9 August, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever   is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is a risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is recommended depending on your itinerary.
• Contact a designated Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre well in advance of your trip to arrange for vaccination.
• Discuss travel plans, activities, and destinations with a health care professional.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites.

About Yellow Fever Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada * It is important to note that   country entry requirements   may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest   diplomatic or consular office   of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

Malaria  is a serious and sometimes fatal disease that is caused by parasites spread through the bites of mosquitoes.   There is a risk of malaria in certain areas and/or during a certain time of year in this destination. 

Antimalarial medication may be recommended depending on your itinerary and the time of year you are travelling. Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic before travelling to discuss your options. It is recommended to do this 6 weeks before travel, however, it is still a good idea any time before leaving.    Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times:  • Cover your skin and use an approved insect repellent on uncovered skin.  • Exclude mosquitoes from your living area with screening and/or closed, well-sealed doors and windows. • Use insecticide-treated bed nets if mosquitoes cannot be excluded from your living area.  • Wear permethrin-treated clothing.    If you develop symptoms similar to malaria when you are travelling or up to a year after you return home, see a health care professional immediately. Tell them where you have been travelling or living. 

In this destination, rabies is carried by dogs and some wildlife, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. While travelling, take precautions , including keeping your distance from animals (including free-roaming dogs), and closely supervising children.

If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. Rabies treatment is often available in this destination. 

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who are at high risk of exposure (e.g., occupational risk such as veterinarians and wildlife workers, children, adventure travellers and spelunkers, and others in close contact with animals). 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

Risk of developing travellers' diarrhea increases when travelling in regions with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.

The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drinking lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.

Typhoid   is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.

Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.  

There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this destination. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by tiny worms (blood flukes) which can be found in freshwater (lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands). The worms can break the skin, and their eggs can cause stomach pain, diarrhea, flu-like symptoms, or urinary problems. Schistosomiasis mostly affects underdeveloped and r ural communities, particularly agricultural and fishing communities.

Most travellers are at low risk. Travellers should avoid contact with untreated freshwater such as lakes, rivers, and ponds (e.g., swimming, bathing, wading, ingesting). There is no vaccine or medication available to prevent infection.

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

There is a risk of chikungunya in this country. The level of risk may vary by:

The virus that causes chikungunya is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can cause fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.

Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times.

Learn more:

Insect bite and pest prevention Chikungunya

Cutaneous and mucosal   leishmaniasis   causes skin sores and ulcers. It is caused by a parasite spread through the bite of a female sandfly.

Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from sandfly bites, which typically occur after sunset in rural and forested areas and in some urban centres. There is no vaccine or medication to protect against leishmaniasis.

Visceral  leishmaniasis   (or kala azar) affects the bone marrow and internal organs. It is caused by a parasite spread through the bite of a female sandfly. It can also be transmitted by blood transfusion or sharing contaminated needles. If left untreated it can cause death. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from sandfly bites, which typically occur after sunset in rural and forested areas and in some urban centres. There is no vaccine or medication to protect against leishmaniasis.

• In this country,   dengue  is a risk to travellers. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
• Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
• The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites . There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue.

Zika virus is a risk in this country. 

Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can also be sexually transmitted. Zika virus can cause serious birth defects.

• Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
• Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, particularly if you are pregnant.

If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you should discuss the potential risks of travelling to this destination with your health care provider. You may choose to avoid or postpone travel. 

For more information, see Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)   is a risk in this country. It is caused by a parasite spread by infected triatomine bugs. The infection can be inactive for decades, but humans can eventually develop complications causing disability and even death.

Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from triatomine bugs, which are active at night, by using mosquito nets if staying in poorly-constructed housing. There is no vaccine available for Chagas disease.

Oropouche fever is a disease caused by the Oropouche virus, which is spread to humans through the bite of an infected midge or mosquito. Symptoms of Oropouche fever are similar to dengue, and usually include fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, chills, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. In some cases, aseptic meningitis (inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain) may occur.  

Most travellers are at low risk. Individuals travelling in the Amazon rainforest, or travelling to work in agriculture or forestry are at higher risk.

Protect yourself from midge and mosquito bites. There is no vaccine or medication that protects against Oropouche fever.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

Good health care is usually only available in urban areas. Quality of care varies greatly throughout the country.

You can access free health care at public hospitals and clinics. You will likely experience overcrowding, understaffing, longer wait times and medication shortages. Most doctors don't speak English. Private hospitals generally don't expect immediate cash payment.

Private hospitals and clinics located in cities are often better staffed and equipped than public or rural facilities. Some doctors speak English. Private hospitals provide expensive medical care, require proof of insurance, and may often request immediate payment.

Some medical facilities in the state of Rio de Janeiro have closed or are providing limited services due to a lack of funding. Private hospitals remain operational.

Emergency services can be slow outside of major cities.

Medical evacuation can be very expensive, and you may need it in case of serious illness or injury.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

Medical tourism

Before leaving for medical travel, you should do your research, especially on:

• the health and financial risks
• the medical facility where the procedure will be performed
• language barriers, which can lead to misunderstandings about your medical care and conditions
• travel insurance that includes coverage for the type of medical procedure you will be undergoing

You should discuss your medical plans with your primary healthcare provider in Canada before travelling. Most provincial and territorial health care programs are extremely limited in their coverage offered abroad.

• Make sure that the healthcare providers you choose are authorized by the Brazilian health authorities
• Ask to see the credentials of the healthcare providers
• Obtain a written agreement detailing the proposed treatment or procedure
• Travelling outside Canada to receive medical care
• If you become sick or injured while travelling outside Canada or after your return

Some prescription medications may not be available in Brazil.

If you take prescription medication, you're responsible for determining their legality in the country.

• Bring sufficient quantities of your medication with you
• Always keep your medication in the original container
• Pack them in your carry-on luggage
• Carry a copy of your prescriptions

Travelling with medication

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Transfer to a Canadian prison

Canada and Brazil are signatories to the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons. This enables a Canadian imprisoned in Brazil to request a transfer to a Canadian prison to complete a sentence. The transfer requires the agreement of both Canadian and Brazilian authorities.

This process can take a long time, and there is no guarantee that the transfer will be approved by either or both sides.

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect a jail sentence and a heavy fine.

Travellers have fallen victim to scams in which illegal drugs are hidden inside luggage that an acquaintance has asked them to take away from Brazil.

• Pack your own luggage and monitor it closely at all times
• Never transport other people’s packages, bags, or suitcases
• Alcohol, drugs and travel

Brazilian law doesn’t criminalize sexual acts or relationships between persons of the same sex. 

However, 2SLGBTQI+ persons could be discriminated against based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, or sex characteristics. 

Child sex tourism

Brazil is actively seeking to prevent child sex tourism. Several tourists have been convicted of offences relating to the exploitation of minors.

The legal age of sexual consent in Brazil is 18. Prison sentences are severe.

Child Sex Tourism: It’s a Crime

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Brazil.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Brazil, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Dual citizens

The legal blood alcohol limit is 0.00% in Brazil. If the police suspect you of drinking and driving, they could confiscate your driver’s licence on the spot. If convicted, you can expect heavy fines and jail sentences. Brazilian police may conduct periodic controls during the day and night, often to check for drunk driving. If you approach a police control, slow down and co-operate with the officers.

You can drive in Brazil for up to 180 days with a valid Canadian driver’s licence.

You should carry an international driving permit. This official Portuguese translation of your Canadian driver’s licence will help when dealing with local authorities.

International driving permit

Identification

Authorities may request to see your ID at any time.

• Carry valid identification or a photocopy of it at all times
• Keep a photocopy, ideally notarised, of your passport in case it’s lost or seized
• Keep a digital copy of your ID and travel documents

Imports and exports

There are very strict rules regarding the importation and exportation of:

• antiquities
• business and communication equipment
• medications
• tropical plants
• wildlife       

Brazil’s Ministry of Health provides Information about food items that you can and cannot bring to Brazil.

Exporting to Brazil – Government of Brazil

Smoking and vaping

Smoking and vaping are prohibited in all enclosed public spaces.

It’s illegal to bring these items into Brazil:

• electronic cigarettes
• vaping devices
• vaping solutions

If you have them in your possession upon arrival, customs officials could confiscate them, and you could receive a fine.

Electronic cigarette regulations - National Health Regulatory Agency (in Portuguese)

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and Brazil.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Brazil, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Brazilian court.

If you are in this situation:

• act as quickly as you can
• contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Brazil to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children's Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

• List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• The Hague Convention – Hague Conference on Private International Law
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

The currency of Brazil is the Brazilian real (BRL).

Canadian bank cards usually work in ATMs. Credit and debit cards are widely accepted. 

ATMs are scarcely available in rural areas.

Carry cash for small transactions and when visiting remote areas.

It’s difficult to exchange Canadian dollars in Brazil.

Flooding in southern Brazil

On May 1, 2024, heavy rains caused severe flooding in southern Brazil.

The state of Rio Grande do Sul was the worst affected, especially in Porto Alegre, resulting in several casualties. There are reports of significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. Th ousands of people are displaced.

If you're in an affected area:

• exercise caution
• monitor local news and weather reports
• follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders

If you are in Brazil, sign up for the Civil Defense SMS service to be notified of weather alerts in your region.

• Weather alerts – National Institute of Meteorology (in Portuguese)
• Warnings and alerts – Government of Brazil (in Portuguese)

El Niño

The complex weather phenomenon called El Niño happens at irregular intervals of 2 to 7 years. El Niño generally generates droughts and heavy rainfalls for 6 to 9 months, which could cause flooding, landslides, and mudslides and could severely disrupt travel. Extreme droughts and heavy rains could limit access to food, drinking water, hygiene products, and medication. Severe weather could occur, such as:

• below-average rainfall and droughts in the north and northeast
• excessive rains in the south and southeast of the country
• above-average temperatures in all regions

Keep informed of regional weather forecasts before and during your travels, and plan accordingly. Ensure you have adequate insurance to cover the consequences of such events, including the disruption of travel plans. 

Learn about El Niño

Rainy seasons

The rainy seasons extend from:

• January to July in the north
• October to April in the south and southeast
• April to July in the northeast

Flash floods can occur outside of the rainy season.

They can hamper overland travel, especially in rural areas. Roads may become impassable and bridges damaged. Travel conditions on mountain roads and on highways leading to beaches can be dangerous. Seasonal flooding can also reduce the provision of essential services. Power outages are frequent during the rainy season.

• Avoid the affected areas
• Keep informed of regional weather forecasts
• Weather warnings – National Institute of Meteorology (in Portuguese)
• Severe storms outside Canada

Landslides 

Landslides are becoming more common in Brazil and are the result of heavy rainfall.

Landslides — Get Prepared

Heat and humidity

Humidity and heat may be most severe during the hot season, from December to March.

Know the symptoms of dehydration and heatstroke, which can both be fatal.

Dry season and droughts

Brasilia and the country's interior experience extreme dry periods between May and October. Humidity levels can drop below 10% and heat levels rise significantly.

Western Brazil can experience periods of prolonged drought, which can lead to water shortages. 

Stay informed of regional weather forecasts and plan accordingly.

Bush and forest fires are common during the dry season, between May to September, particularly in:

• Cerrado region
• Pantanal region

The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke. In case of a major fire:

• stay away from the affected area, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
• follow the instructions of local emergency services personnel
• monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation

Local services

In case of emergency, dial:

• police (military): 190
• medical assistance: 192
• firefighters: 193

Tourist police

• Rio de Janeiro: (21) 2332 2924 or 2334 6802
• São Paulo: (11) 3120 4447 or 3151 4167
• Salvador: (71) 3116-6817
• Recife: (81) 3322-4867

Consular assistance

For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada to Brazil, in Brasilia, or the Consulate General of Canada in São Paulo or Rio de Janeiro and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

You may call the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa toll-free at 0 800 891-6614.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

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Latest update

Exercise a high degree of caution in Brazil due to the threat of violent crime.

Brazil (PDF 1.24 MB)

Americas (PDF 3.29 MB)

Local emergency contacts

Fire and rescue services, medical emergencies.

Call 192 or go to a hospital.

Call 190 or go to the local police station.

Advice levels

Exercise a high degree of caution in Brazil.

• The wet season is from November to July. However, heavy rainfall can occur all year depending on the region. Landslides and flooding can occur, and severe storms often delay flights. Be prepared to change your travel plans.
• Large scale protests can occur at any time in Brazil. Monitor the media. Follow the instructions of local authorities and review our guidance on  staying safe when there are demonstrations .
• Violent crime, including mugging, armed robbery and carjacking is common. These occur more often in large cities and during festivals, such as Carnaval. Don't go out alone at night. Avoid isolated areas, including beaches. Crime rates are particularly high in shanty towns or 'favelas'. Don't enter favelas, even with a tour group.
• Use only prepaid or official taxis. If using rideshare apps such as Uber, ensure you enter the vehicle with the same plate number and name shown in the app. If you're driving yourself, keep doors locked and windows closed. Ensure your route avoids favelas.

Full travel advice:  Safety

• Brazil experiences recurrent measles outbreaks. It is important to get vaccinated. 
• Common insect-borne diseases include dengue, malaria, yellow fever, Zika virus, chikungunya, filariasis and leishmaniasis. Protect yourself from insect bites. Get vaccinated against yellow fever where possible.
• HIV/AIDS is a serious risk. Take precautions if you're taking part in high-risk activities.
• Food-related, waterborne and other infectious diseases include cholera, typhoid and hepatitis. Drink boiled or bottled water. Avoid raw or undercooked food. 

Full travel advice:  Health

• Don't use or carry illegal drugs. Penalties for drug offences are severe and include long prison sentences.
• You must carry proof of identity with you. Always carry photo ID, such as a driver's licence and a photocopy of your passport.
• Dual nationals must enter Brazil on their Brazilian passport. If you're male and aged over 18, you may need to do military service. Contact a  Brazilian embassy or consulate  for advice.
• Same-sex relationships are legal but aren't always accepted in rural communities. Avoid public displays of affection.
• Don't drink and drive. Penalties are severe for driving with a blood-alcohol level reading over 0%. 

Full travel advice:  Local laws

• Australian passport holders do not need a visa to enter Brazil for short stays. For more information, contact an  embassy or consulate of Brazil .
• Entry and exit conditions may change without warning. Follow the advice of border and health authorities and comply with local regulations. Contact the nearest Brazilian embassy or consulate for the latest details.
• Brazilian children (including dual nationals) must have written consent from any non-accompanying parent to depart Brazil. 

Full travel advice: Travel

Local contacts

• The  Consular Services Charter  details what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.
• For full consular assistance, contact the  Australian Embassy in Brasilia  or the Australian Consulate-General in São Paulo .
• The Australian Consulate in Rio de Janeiro  does not provide notarial (document legalisation) services and only provides limited services, for example interviews for an Australian Passport.

Full travel advice:  Local contacts

Full advice

Violent crime.

Violent crime, often involving weapons, is common, especially in large cities. Most crime is opportunistic. Common examples which involve tourists include the theft of valuables at the beach or from bags and valuables snatched while sightseeing. Tourists have also been robbed at knife or gunpoint. Local authorities advise against taking valuables and passports to the beach. Carry a photocopy of your passport or another form of identity.

Muggings and other violent crimes are common in and around:

• tourist spots, hotels, nightclubs and bars
• historical centres
• public transport
• public beaches
• outdoor markets
• unregistered taxis
• ATMs and currency exchange facilities

Other common crimes include:

• home invasion
• food and drink spiking
• sexual assault
• kidnapping  and scams

In Rio de Janeiro, crime hotspots include:

• Copacabana Beach
• Ipanema Beach
• the Pedra do Sal area
• the Santa Teresa area
• the Lapa neighbourhood
• the Christ the Redeemer statue
• the Corcovado Trail

In São Paulo, crime hotspots are in the downtown area and around the historical centre of the city and include:

• around the São Paulo Cathedral
• Station of light (Estação da Luz)
• Princess Isabel Square
• Central market

In Brasilia, crime hotspots include the central bus station and two adjacent shopping centres. 

Crime levels in shanty towns, or 'favelas', and many satellite cities are especially high.

Crimes relating to drug trafficking and illicit goods are common along Brazil's western and northern border areas, posing a risk of violent crime to travellers. Affected areas include:

• the states of Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Roraima, Pará and Amapa
• river travel in the Amazon, particularly Itaquai, Japura and Rio Negro rivers and tributaries. 
• the tri-border area of Argentina, Brazil (Foz do Iguaçu city) and Paraguay

Your safety is your main priority. Don't chase after a perpetrator or resist. Criminals may be armed and, if challenged, they may respond with violence. They will often have accomplices nearby. If you're robbed, report it to the local police.

To protect yourself from violent crime:

• avoid crime hotspots, especially late at night
• stay alert in public places, especially where there are lots of people, including other tourists
• leave valuables and passport in a hotel safe
• keep mobile devices and other valuables out of sight
• keep your belongings and baggage close to you when you're outside
• lock the doors and windows of your accommodation, including balcony doors
• avoid going out alone, especially at night
• avoid isolated areas on the beach
• don't leave your luggage, food or drinks unattended
• never accept drinks, food, gum or cigarettes from people you've just met
• don't enter favelas, even with a tour group

If you're a victim of violent crime, including rape, seek immediate medical help. The risk of HIV/AIDS is high.

Female survivors of domestic violence or sexual assault can access a dedicated hotline that provides access to local support services, including police, by calling 180 or via the WhatsApp phone messaging application on +55 61 99610 0180.

Partying safely

Crime levels increase before and during festivals such as Carnaval, with tourists frequently being targeted.

Make sure you follow these tips: 

• watch out for drink spiking and know your alcohol limits
• don’t use drugs – penalties for drug offences in Brazil are high
• don’t drink and drive – penalties are severe for driving with a blood-alcohol reading over 0%
• keep your valuables out of sight, as petty crime, such as bag or phone snatching, is common
• be mindful of where you’re going, get recommendations from your hotel and plan your transport options in advance

More information:

Scammers take advantage of people looking for romantic partners, often via dating websites, apps or social media, by pretending to be prospective companions. Be wary of any online invitation you receive to travel to an unfamiliar location, especially if the location is changed at late notice and if someone is offering romance. The scammer may kidnap you and force you to transfer or withdraw money and then extort your loved ones for more money to secure your release.

Take caution when purchasing food and beverages from vendors, especially at the beach when paying by card. Confirm the price before and check the figure on the card machine is correct and hasn't been inflated. Don’t give your card to the vendor when making payments.

• Theft and robbery
• Scams that affect travellers

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you’re connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth.

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media.

• Cyber security when travelling overseas

Kidnapping occurs across the world with political, ideological and criminal motives. Foreigners, including Australians, have been kidnapped overseas while travelling. Kidnaps can happen anywhere, anytime, including in destinations that are typically at lower risk. The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers.

Kidnappings occur in Brazil, and in some cases, individuals of perceived wealth are targeted. There have been instances of kidnapping-for-ransom, express, tiger, and virtual kidnappings. There were more express and tiger kidnaps in Brazil than in any other country worldwide during the first half of 2023.

Civil unrest and political tension

Large-scale protests are common. Public protests and events that draw large crowds can turn violent and authorities have used tear gas and other riot-control measures.

Demonstrations and protests often interrupt traffic and public transport.

During periods of unrest:

• avoid protests and rallies
• monitor the news for possible unrest and avoid those areas
• if a protest occurs, leave if it's safe to do so
• prepare for long waits and be ready to adjust your travel plans
• follow instructions from the local authorities

You should follow the instructions of local authorities and review our guidance on  staying safe when there are demonstrations .

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

Major events are attractive targets for terrorists.

To protect yourself from terrorism:

• be alert to possible threats
• report suspicious activity or items to police
• monitor the news for emerging threats
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the advice from local authorities

If there's an attack, leave the affected area straight away if you can.

Avoid the affected area after an attack in case there are secondary attacks.

Swimming safety

Many beaches, including in Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza, have strong, dangerous rips.

Shark attacks are possible, especially at many north-eastern beaches. Obey warning signs.

Climate and natural disasters

Brazil experiences severe droughts and flooding.

If there's a  natural disaster :

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• keep in contact with your friends and family
• monitor the media and local sources
• follow the advice of local authorities

Register with the  Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System  to receive alerts on major disasters.

The wet season is from January to July in the north, November to March in the south and south-east and April to July in the north-east. Landslides, flooding and flash flooding can happen, especially in poorer urban areas. 

It's common for flooding and severe storms to damage transport infrastructure, including roads and bridges and can delay domestic and international flights. Monitor local media for weather advice and follow any instructions given by local authorities.

Staying safe in the heat

If you're travelling during extreme hot weather, plan your days to avoid being outside during the hottest part of the day. If you go out in the heat, rest often and stay in the shade as much as possible.

• Drink plenty of water. Even if you're not thirsty. Avoid alcohol
• Wear sunscreen, a hat and sunglasses
• Wear loose, lightweight, light-coloured clothing

Avoid strenuous outdoor activities such as hiking or biking in extreme hot weather, particularly if you're not usually active or used to high temperatures.

• Extreme hot weather

Travel insurance

Get comprehensive  travel insurance  before you leave.

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won't pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Physical and mental health

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare, or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your  nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate  to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition.

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips  (Healthdirect Australia)

Medications

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Brazil. Take enough legal medicine for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a dated letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use

Health risks

Insect-borne diseases.

Insect-borne diseases are a serious risk in Brazil.  Yellow fever ,  dengue ,  malaria  and the  zika virus  are common. Other insect-borne diseases include:

• chikungunya
• leishmaniasis

You're most at risk during the wet season, in poorer urban areas or in regional areas where there are stagnant bodies of water, including the Pantanal or Amazon.

Take the following steps to avoid insect bites:

• cover exposed skin with light-coloured long-sleeved shirts and long pants
• use insect repellents. If you use both sunscreen and insect repellent, apply the sunscreen first and then the repellent
• treat your clothing and gear with insecticides
• sleep in screened or air-conditioned rooms. Use bed nets if you can't keep mosquitoes from coming inside the room
• consider taking anti-malarial medication
• Infectious diseases
• Immunisation  (Department of Health and Aged Care)

HIV/AIDS  is a significant risk. Take precautions if you're taking part in activities that put you at risk of infection, such as avoiding contact with contaminated objects and sharing personal items. Practice safe sex. 

Other health risks

There are recurrent  measles  outbreaks in Brazil. To protect yourself, stay up to date with your vaccinations, wash your hands regularly and avoid close contact with people who are sick and wild or domestic animals. 

Food-related, waterborne and other infectious diseases are common, including:

• bilharzia (schistosomiasis)

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes
• avoid raw and undercooked food, such as salads
• avoid contact with dogs and other mammals
• avoid swimming in fresh water

If you're bitten or scratched by an animal, get medical help immediately.

Make sure your vaccinations are up to date.

• Measles immunisation service

Medical care

Medical facilities.

You can access free health care at public hospitals and clinics in Brazil. The standard of emergency care is generally high but can vary, with access being more limited and of a lower standard outside of major urban areas.

When accessing public health care, you will likely experience overcrowding, longer wait times and more rudimentary facilities than you are accustomed to in Australia. It is very unlikely your treating doctor will speak English.

Private health care at hospitals and clinics in larger cities is often similar or superior to Australia. Doctors will often speak at least some English. Private medical care is very expensive, even more expensive if you need a medical evacuation. You may be charged upfront or be required to produce proof of insurance prior to receiving treatment.  

Public mental health care facilities are basic and overcrowded with a focus on more severe chronic and acute care, using a pharmaceutical-based treatment approach.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our  Consular Services Charter . But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

Brazil has severe penalties for possession of or trafficking illegal drugs. These include long sentences in local jails.

• Carrying or using drugs

You must always carry proof of identity. Carry a photocopy of your passport with some original identification, such as your driver's licence or another government-issued identity document. 

Don't drink and drive, penalties are severe for driving with a blood-alcohol level reading over 0%. 

Australian laws

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

• Staying within the law

Dual citizenship

Dual nationals must enter and exit Brazil using their Brazilian passport.

If you're a dual national male over 18, you'll have to do military service if you stay in Brazil for 12 months.

Contact a  Brazilian embassy or consulate  for advice.

• Dual nationals

Local customs

Same-sex relationships are legal but aren't always accepted. Avoid public displays of affection.

• Advice for LGBTQIA+ travellers

Visas and border measures

Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering. 

Currently, you don't need a visa to enter Brazil for:

• artistic or sports activities

You can stay in Brazil for 90 days over a 12-month period. This will be counted from the date of your first entry to Brazil. You can also extend your stay for another 90 days. If you require visa advice or assistance, you should contact the Brazilian Federal Police or a visa agency.

In other cases, apply for your visa through an  embassy or consulate of Brazil .

If you plan to live in Brazil, you'll need to get a visa before arrival. The Brazilian Government strongly enforces immigration and entry laws.

If you need a visa and arrive without one, authorities will send you back on the next available flight.

Entry and exit conditions may change at short notice. 

Brazil plans to reinstate visa requirements for Australians starting 10 April 2025. 

Contact an  embassy or consulate of Brazil  for details about visas, currency and customs. 

• Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Travel via Chile

If you’re travelling via Chile, ensure you meet all current entry or transit requirements.

• Travel advice for Chile

Other formalities

Entry and exit stamps.

When you arrive, authorities will stamp your passport. This may be inspected by immigration authorities when you leave.

If you plan to leave Brazil and return during your trip, get an exit stamp in your passport from Brazilian immigration when you leave.

Yellow fever vaccination

You may need a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate to enter Brazil. Some airlines may want to see a copy when you depart to Australia or other countries.

Find out about returning to Australia  after exposure to yellow fever .

• Countries with a risk of yellow fever

Travel with children

Dual-national children must enter and exit Brazil using their Brazilian passports. 

Brazilian and dual-national children travelling in the company of only one parent must provide proof of consent to travel from the non-accompanying parent. If you can't produce proof of parental consent, local authorities will stop your children from departing Brazil. Unaccompanied children, or children travelling in the company of a non-parent, will require the consent of both parents.

Parental consent will usually be in the form of an observation note inserted into the child's Brazilian passport when it is issued by the Brazilian authorities. Alternatively, a Brazilian Embassy, Consulate or Juvenile Court can witness and notarise written parental consent or proof of residence outside Brazil.

If one or both parents are deceased, you'll require a death certificate notarised by a Brazilian Embassy, Consulate or Juvenile Court.

Parents of dual-national children should contact a Brazilian embassy or consulate for advice.

• Advice for people travelling with children

Authorities won't let you enter Brazil unless your passport is valid for at least 6 months from the date of your entry. This may apply even if you're just transiting.

Some immigration authorities and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Tourists can receive conflicting advice from different sources. You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting  a new passport .

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible:

• In Australia, contact the  Australian Passport Information Service .
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest  Australian embassy or consulate .

Passport with ‘X’ gender identifier 

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can’t guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination  before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers.

• LGBTQIA+ travellers

The local currency is the Brazilian Real (BRL).

Declare amounts over USD 10,000 (or foreign currency equivalent) when you arrive and depart. This includes all forms of currency, not just cash. US dollars are the easiest to exchange. Credit cards are widely accepted. 

Ask your bank in Australia if your ATM card will work and if it has an affiliate bank in Brazil, as some local machines may be unreliable.

Credit card fraud and ATM tampering are widespread. Check your bank statements for unauthorised charges. To combat fraud and theft, many ATMs may limit the amount you can withdraw per day. 

Local travel

Remote areas.

You're at risk of becoming lost or injured while trekking in remote parts of Brazil. This includes the Amazon border regions and the Pantanal wetlands.

Use an experienced guide.

Driving permit

You can drive in Brazil for up to 180 days after your arrival, as long as you carry a valid Australian driver’s licence. It is also recommended that you carry a translation of your licence. After this period, you will need to obtain a local driver’s licence.

Road travel

You're more likely to die in a motor vehicle accident in Brazil than in Australia.

Hazards on the road include:

• aggressive driving
• poorly maintained roads
• large numbers of trucks and other slow vehicles on main routes

Traffic lights are often not obeyed, especially at night in larger cities. Don't assume cars will stop.

Carjacking and other vehicle-related crimes can occur. To stay safe while driving and guard against carjacking:

• keep vehicle doors locked, windows up, and valuables out of sight, even when moving
• make sure your GPS route isn't via a favela — if in doubt, ask your hotel or tour guide
• be alert to threats, including when stopped in traffic
• when stopped in traffic, including at traffic lights, be alert to threats and maintain extra distance from other cars.
• always approach your car with the keys ready
• don't stay in a parked vehicle

If you plan to drive:

• check you have enough insurance
• learn local traffic laws and practices
• don't drink and drive – penalties are severe for driving with a blood-alcohol reading over 0%
• guard against carjacking and other vehicle-related crimes

If you're in an accident:

• call 193 for the fire department if there are injuries
• call 190 for the police if there are no injuries
• Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Check if your insurance policy covers you when using a motorbike, quad bike or similar vehicle.

Always wear a helmet.

Registered taxis, rideshares such as Uber and the metro are generally safe. To reduce your risk:

• only use licensed taxis or rideshare booked through apps
• find out what transport services are available at the airport before you travel; most airports have licenced taxi desks inside the baggage reclaim areas and allow payment before travel
• follow signage or advice of authorities to official taxi services only
• always ask if the driver will use the meter, or agree on the fare before you get in a taxi
• ensure you enter the vehicle with the same plate number and name as shown in the app, and don't get into a taxi or rideshare if other passengers are already inside.
• avoid using motorcycle taxis

Public transport

Brazil has a well-developed network of inter-city buses, as well as metro systems in some of the major cities such as Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

Travel can be risky due to poor vehicle maintenance, local driving habits and petty crime.

Be alert when using public transport, especially during busy times and at night.

Criminals often work in gangs robbing people gathered in the same place. Public transport hubs can be hotspots.

People have reported hijacking and  robbery  of tour buses in recent years.

• Transport and getting around safely

Boat travel

International cruise liners visit Brazil.

Commercial riverboats are common in some parts. Keep your belongings close.

Tourist operators often use basic vessels for river outings in jungle areas.

You should always wear a life jacket. Boat accidents can occur.

Piracy happens, particularly in the north-east. Armed groups, including pirates and drug traffickers, travel rivers in the Amazonas state, where there is a low presence of police and local authorities. Cruise ships and lodges have been attacked. 

The International Maritime Bureau (IMB) issues  piracy reports  on its website.

• Going on a cruise
• Travelling by boat

Domestic and international flight delays are common. Airport strikes also occur.

Ask your travel agent if your itinerary allows for delays.

Be prepared for the possibility of extended waits at airports.

If you need to make or change airline bookings while in Brazil, ensure your payment method will be accepted.

Most major airlines, such as LATAM, Gol and Azul, accept international credit cards, although some may only accept them on their international websites. 

Travel and tour agents may also have restrictions. You may need to pay cash at the airline office or ask your Australian travel provider.

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check  Brazil's air safety profile  with the Aviation Safety Network.

Emergencies

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider

Operators may not speak English.

Tourist Police who speak English are available in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and at some major airports.

Rio de Janeiro Special Police Unit for Tourism Support Av. Afrânio de Melo Franco, 159 Leblon, Rio de Janeiro – RJ Phone: +55 21 2334 6802 or +55 21 2332 2924

São Paulo Special Police Unit for Tourism Support Rua da Cantareira, 390 Centro, São Paulo - SP Phone: +55 11 3257 4475

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Consular contacts

Read the  Consular Services Charter  for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

For consular help, contact the  Australian Embassy in Brasilia , the  Australian Consulate-General in São Paulo  or the  Consulate in Rio de Janeiro . The Consulate in Rio de Janeiro does not provide notarial (document legalisation) services and only provides limited services, for example, interviews for an Australian Passport.

Australian Embassy, Brasilia

SES QD 801, Conjunto K, Lote 07 Brasilia - DF, Brazil ZIP/CEP: 70200-010 Phone: +55 61 3226 3111  Email:  [email protected] , or  [email protected]   Website:  brazil.embassy.gov.au   Facebook:  Embaixada da Austrália no Brasil   X:  @EmbAusBrasil Instagram: australianobrasil

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

Australian Consulate-General, São Paulo

Edificio Trianon Corporate – Cerqueira Cesar Alamenda Santos 700 9th Floor, Unit 92 São Paulo - SP, Brazil ZIP/CEP: 01418-100 Phone: +55 11 2112 6200 Email:  [email protected]

Australian Honorary Consulate, Rio de Janeiro

Av. Bartolomeu Mitre, 770 Leblon, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil ZIP/CEP: 22431-003 Phone: +55 21 3824 4624 Email: [email protected]  

The Australian Consulate in Rio de Janeiro does not provide notarial (document legalisation) services and only provides limited services, for example interviews for an Australian Passport.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia

Travelling to Brazil?

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Warnings and insurance

Your travel insurance could be invalidated if you travel against advice from the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO).

Areas where FCDO advises against all but essential travel   

Amazonas state.

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to the following river areas towards the west of Amazonas State, where Brazil shares borders with Colombia, Peru and Venezuela:  

• along the Amazonas (Amazon) River and its tributaries west of the town of Codajás and east of the town of Belém do Solimões in Amazonas State
• along any part of the Itaquaí River in Amazonas State
• along any part of the Japurá River or its tributaries in Amazonas State
• along the Rio Negro (Black River) and its tributaries north or west of the town of Barcelos in Amazonas State

Find out more about why  FCDO  advises against travel .

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see  general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see  general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about  safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance . Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

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21 Jul 21 Dos and Don’ts to Travel Safe in Brazil

When I mention that I traveled to Brazil (majority of the time alone) one of the first questions I always get is, “Is Brazil safe to travel to?” Or more specifically, did I feel safe as a solo female traveler in Brazil. Both are fair questions, and my answer is…it’s complicated. 

In short, yes, Brazil is safe enough to travel to – but read my more in-depth response here . My personal experience is that I had no negative incidents involving safety or theft while in Brazil and I loved the country so much I stayed for 3 months and would go back in a heartbeat. However , I simultaneously know many tourists who were victims of theft in Rio de Janeiro especially. 

You could call me lucky that nothing happened to me, which is fair because sometimes things just happen. But I was also extremely cautious and extremely aware. Specifically, I followed the tips mentioned in this blog post and I think that made a huge difference. 

So if you’re traveling to Brazil, here are 21 dos and don’ts to stay safe:

*This post includes affiliate links and I may receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. By using my links you’re merely supporting what I love to do: write this blog! I only recommend products/companies that I use myself.

1. pull your phone out on the street

Walking around with your phone out is really the worst possible thing you could do – especially in Rio. No matter how hard you grip that phone, there’s a decent chance someone will swipe it even in broad daylight. If you must look at your phone (for example directions or ordering an Uber), I recommend stepping into a shop. If that’s not possible, step away from walking traffic and look around before pulling it out quickly. If you’d like to take a photo, consider if it’s a smart move and be conscious of people walking by. 

This is by far the most important tip on this list. I think we’re so accustomed to pulling out our phones constantly to scroll through social media or just walking with our phone in hand. But in Brazil I strongly discourage you from doing this.

2. Don't walk alone at night

Walking alone at night makes you an easy target, especially in places like Copacabana in Rio, so try to avoid it at all costs. 

During the day, it’s obviously okay to walk alone, but it’s good practice to be mindful of your surroundings and the area you’re in. I wouldn’t recommend walking near a favela alone and suggest staying in more populated areas.

3. don't Put valuables in your pockets

If you’re in the habit of putting valuables in your pockets – break it! This is an easy way to be pick-pocketed. Instead I highly recommend having a cross- body sling. A standard sling like  this one  works, but for safety I most recommend the  PacSafe sling  which is an excellent investment if you travel often or live in a city. 

4. don't wear showy items like gold jewelry

Flashy items make you a target in Brazil. Personally I love gold jewelry, but even though all of mine is fake, wearing it would make me a target. Studs and small hoop earrings should be fine, but necklaces and bracelets I would refrain from wearing – as recommended to me by local Brazilians.

5. don't leave your valuables unattended to

Never leave your valuables unattended to in Brazil. This includes at  coffee shops where you may have your laptop or iPad out while going to the bathroom. It’s not to say that the people around you are bad or won’t watch your things when you ask, because they will. But usually when we ask someone, “Hey can you watch my stuff?” we don’t actually believe someone is going to come and swipe our stuff while you’re gone and the person watching your things will actually need to run after them… However, in some places of Brazil this can totally happen. Especially if you’re sitting near a window near the street. I knew of a girl who lost her iPad this way..so just don’t do it.

6. don't use the metro at night

The metro in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are great. I took the metro in Rio many times and it was cheap, safe, and clean. However, I wouldn’t recommend it in two scenarios: at night and with a laptop or camera. Otherwise I actually recommend it during the day especially if you’re on a tight budget.

Now that you know what not to do to stay safe in Brazil while traveling, let’s jump into what you should do.

Also read: The Ultimate List of things to do in Rio de Janeiro

7. pack a theft-safe cross body bag.

A lot of pick-pocketing happens when someone’s wallet or phone is in their pocket or open bag. Do yourself a favor, and get yourself a sling, cross body bag so that your valuables are always zipped away and close to your chest.

My favorite cross-body slings are from Pac-Safe . They’re RFID blocking, have theft-proof zippers, and cut-proof straps. They check all my boxes for a safe cross-body travel sling including having inside zipper compartments and a clip in the front vs. in the back.

But if you’re looking for a cheaper option, I suggest this highly-rated one on Amazon . 

8. Be cautious of your valuables while sunbathing on the beach in Rio

The beaches in Rio are stunning, but while sunbathing be wary of your belongings. I recommend keeping everything in your bag (i.e don’t leave your phone or kindle out on the towel) and have your bag secured somewhere. Personally, when I would close my eyes I put the strap around my arm so my bag could not be grabbed in passing.

If you go to the beach alone (which I did often) also don’t leave your valuables unattended when you swim. I use a  waterproof fanny pack  or you can ask someone to watch your things if you feel comfortable doing so.

9. leave one bank card in your suitcase

When you go out, it’s best not to bring all your bank cards in case, god forbid, your wallet is stolen. I always leave my debit and credit cards locked at my place and take only one travel credit card. The Chase Sapphire Preferred is my go-to.

Read more about why I recommend the Chase Sapphire Preferred card here.

Note: this tip is good practice always when you travel, not just in Brazil.

10. Use Uber if possible

Uber is a really convenient way to get around, and for safety reasons I love it because you have more control as the passenger: you have a set price, the information of the driver, and you can share your trip for added security. Uber is available in the major cities of Brazil, so if it makes you feel safer, use it.

11. Leave your passport in a safe place, and bring copies to the country

Whenever you go somewhere (unless it’s required or needed) it’s best to not walk around with your passport in your day bag, just in case you lose it. But in the worst case scenario that you do, it’s also good to travel with printed copies in your suitcase if you needed to go to your embassy for a lost passport. 

12. Bring minimal stuff when you go out to party

Now that I’ve mentioned to leave your passport and any unnecessary cards locked at your place, make sure you DEFINITELY do this when you go out to party in Brazil. This is when many people are pickpocketed because they’re drunk or high and less mindful. I know some people who even use burner or their old phones when partying in “high-risk” destinations like Rio or Salvador during Carnaval. Not a terrible idea if you have an extra or old phone.

13. Try not to stand out as a tourist too much

Being a tourist is not a bad thing and to be honest, even if you try not to stand out, you probably still will. And that’s okay! It’s more about not standing out too much and making yourself a massive target for pick pocketing. So don’t wear flashy items, be protective of your phone and camera, and maybe switch your “I Love Rio” shirt for a Flamengo jersey (Flamengo is a local and very popular team in Rio de Janeiro).

14. Practice extra caution in heavily touristic areas

Touristic areas of every destination always have a downside…they seem to attract the most sketchy characters. This is the same for Brazil. For example, in Rio you should practice extra caution in Copacabana, Lapa and other touristic places.

15. Be mindful of your things at an outdoor restaurant

When seated at an outdoor restaurant (which will happen often because Brazil loves al fresco dining), again be mindful of your things. Don’t plop your phone on the table and swing your purse over the back of your chair which faces the street. This behavior may be a habit to you, but like all the other tips in this list – think about your valuables and make sure they’re secured and can’t be swiped.

16. Avoid deserted areas

In general, it’s best to stay away from deserted areas. When you’re alone there’s no one to help so it’s always best to stay where others are too.

17. Double check the area of your accommodation before booking

Before booking your stay, it’s always good practice to do a little research on the area and read reviews from other travelers with location safety in mind.

18. Party safely

Partying in Brazil is not only a must, but a difficult thing to avoid. And as someone who was there for two Carnavals, I full heartedly support this! Just make sure you party safely by: 

• Going out with people you trust
• Leaving any unnecessary valuables locked at your stay
• Keeping everything in a zipped sling
• Being mindful of how much you drink
• Having a plan how to get home
• Don’t do random drugs off the street
• Don’t ever leave your drink unattended and then drink it
• Don’t accept a drink you didn’t see poured

You’re an adult, you know the drill.

19. Use lockers and padlocks for your belongings

If you’re staying in a hostel this is always a must for your valuables. I recommend using  this padlock which works for both lockers and your luggage and is TSA approved. 

If you’re staying in an Airbnb or hotel, for some peace of mind you should also lock your things in the safe if available. 

None of this is specific to Brazil, it’s just standard practice. Theft from your accommodation isn’t common for tourists in Brazil, although there are wild stories around Carnaval time when the country is full of tourists, so best to be cautious.

20. Be careful when you withdraw money

Like many destinations, in Brazil you should always be careful when withdrawing cash. I recommend only doing so during daylight hours, going with a friend if you can, and trying to find an ATM located indoors. As a standard practice (since seeing those ATM scamming videos) I also always tug on the card reader first and only go to an ATM when I see someone else go before me. That way if it’s going to eat a card, it won’t be mine! 

After withdrawing money, make sure you have plans to return to your place immediately so you’re not walking around with loads of cash on you.

21. Make sure you're covered with Travel insurance

Travel insurance is a must for every trip, but especially for a destination like Brazil where you may be engaging in adventurous activities, have a lot of reservations, and you’re at risk for theft as mentioned in this post.

So do yourself a favor and make sure you’re covered! No one wants to think about unfortunate scenarios like robbery, delays, cancellations, injury or sickness happening while traveling, but they do and almost every traveler can attest to a time when travel insurance really saved them.

Check out  World Nomads travel insurance here  which is made for backpackers. 

*Disclosure: World Nomads provides travel insurance for travelers in over 100 countries. As an affiliate, I receive a fee when you get a quote from World Nomads using this link. I do not represent World Nomads. This is information only and not a recommendation to buy travel insurance.

I’ve mentioned a lot in this blog post, but   all of it will prove useful to staying safe in Brazil.  Overall, I hope I didn’t scare any readers; I think Brazil is a wildly amazing place and one of my all-time favorite travel destinations. Just stay aware, stay safe and you’ll have a smooth and wonderful trip.

Also read: The Ultimate List of Things to Do in Rio

More resources for your trip to brazil:.

Planning your own trip? Here’s everything I used to book and coordinate my itinerary through Brazil.

If you’re a budget traveler or looking for an easy way to meet others,  Hostelworld is the best place to search. 

Booking.com has so many options in Brazil from affordable to more luxurious stays.

Flights to Brazil and within Brazil can be pricey if not booked ahead of time. To get the best prices I recommend using Skyscanner . The cheapest airport to fly into will most likely be São Paulo, but if visiting Rio de Janeiro it’s worth it to fly directly there.

No matter the destination, I always check Rome2Rio to see options on how to travel. However I found using Brazilian bus companies to book could be a pain because you need a CPF often. The most useful sites to me were BusBud & FlixBus .

Travel insurance is a must for every trip, and I highly recommend it for Brazil. My go to is always WorldNomads which is made for backpackers. You can search for coverage here .

Tours & Experiences

There’s a lot of free thing to do in Rio but joining a tour does have its advantages, and if you’re a solo traveler looking to meet people then tours are a great option. In Rio you can find awesome experiences on GetYourGuide , Viator , & Airbnb Experiences (hit or miss but mostly good).

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Bea Adventurous

I’ve heard a rio can be bad with theft so these tips are really helpful so thank you! I definitely think it shouldn’t deter anyone from visiting but to take these precautions for sure! Thanks Caroline!

Caroline Rose

You’re welcome!! So glad you found these helpful. Have the best time in Brazil!

Mary Candler

Thanks for your information about Brazil. I am hoping to go to Rio to volunteer as a English teacher for 3 weeks then head to Minas Gerais to see a friend. Any specific comments for a 70 Yr old who doesn’t take too many risks and has done a fair amount of solo travelling. I’ll be staying in medium hotels when not in the volunteer programme.

Hi Mary! I don’t have any specific safety recommendations other than what I’ve listed here. As for things to do, there are some really great tours I think you’d enjoy like to Christ the Redeemer and Sugar loaf mountain. Also check out the botanical garden, it’s beautiful! I have a full list of things to do in this blog post!

David Young

So how do you take photos? I love taking photos with my phone when I’m traveling. It sounds like that would be risky at most outdoor locations in Brazil. Also how was intercity travel? Did you take buses or fly? I know not to take the bus at nighttime, but I wonder if there are other precautions advised. Thank you.

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Brazil Traveler View

Due to heavy rainfall, the state of Rio Grande do Sul is experiencing significant flooding . Travel by land may be dangerous in flood zones, and the healthcare infrastructure has been damaged in many areas. There is an increased risk of waterborne and vector-borne diseases in the flood-affected areas.

Avoid contact with floodwater , as it may contain harmful germs, other contaminants, or sharp objects; it may also conduct electricity from downed power lines. For your safety, follow all instructions from local authorities. Check the U.S. Embassy and Consulates in Brazil website for alerts. Consider enrolling in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive security updates and information about emergency assistance.

Travel Health Notices

Vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

• Packing List

After Your Trip

Be aware of current health issues in Brazil. Learn how to protect yourself.

Level 1 Practice Usual Precautions

• Updated   Oropouche in South America August 16, 2024 There are outbreaks of Oropouche in parts of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru. Oropouche is spread by the bite of infected midges (small flies) and mosquitoes. Destination List: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru
• Updated   Global Dengue August 14, 2024 Dengue is a year-round risk in many parts of the world, with outbreaks commonly occurring every 2–5 years. Travelers to risk areas should prevent mosquito bites. Destination List: Afghanistan, and Austral Islands (Tubuai and Rurutu), and Bora-Bora), Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, including the Galápagos Islands, El Salvador, French Guiana (France), French Polynesia, including the island groups of Society Islands (Tahiti, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Iran, Laos, Mali, Marquesas Islands (Hiva Oa and Ua Huka), Mauritius, Mexico, Moorea, Panama, Samoa, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Uruguay

⇧ Top

Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Chikungunya

There has been evidence of chikungunya virus transmission in Brazil within the last 5 years. Chikungunya vaccination may be considered for the following travelers:

• People aged 65 years or older, especially those with underlying medical conditions, who may spend at least 2 weeks (cumulative time) in indoor or outdoor areas where mosquitoes are present in Brazil, OR
• People planning to stay in Brazil for a cumulative period of 6 months or more

Chikungunya - CDC Yellow Book

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to Brazil.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers younger than 60 years old traveling to Brazil. Unvaccinated travelers 60 years and older may get vaccinated before traveling to Brazil.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

CDC recommends that travelers going to certain areas of Brazil take prescription medicine to prevent malaria. Depending on the medicine you take, you will need to start taking this medicine multiple days before your trip, as well as during and after your trip. Talk to your doctor about which malaria medication you should take.

Find  country-specific information  about malaria.

Malaria - CDC Yellow Book

Considerations when choosing a drug for malaria prophylaxis (CDC Yellow Book)

Malaria information for Brazil.

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Dogs infected with rabies are sometimes found in Brazil.

Rabies is also commonly found in some terrestrial wildlife species and bats.

If rabies exposures occur while in Brazil, rabies vaccines are typically available throughout most of the country.

Rabies pre-exposure vaccination considerations include whether travelers 1) will be performing occupational or recreational activities that increase risk for exposure to potentially rabid animals and 2) might have difficulty getting prompt access to safe post-exposure prophylaxis.

Please consult with a healthcare provider to determine whether you should receive pre-exposure vaccination before travel.

For more information, see country rabies status assessments .

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Recommended for most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas.

Typhoid - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Typhoid

Yellow Fever

Recommended for travelers ≥9 months old going to the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito Federal (including the capital city, Brasília), Espírito Santo,* Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná,* Piauí, Rio de Janeiro (including the city of Rio de Janeiro and all coastal islands),* Rio Grande do Sul,* Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina,* São Paulo (including the city of São Paulo and all coastal islands),* Tocantins, and designated areas of Bahia*. Vaccination is also recommended for travelers going to Iguaçu Falls. Not recommended for travel limited to any areas not listed above, including the cities of Fortaleza and Recife *In 2017, in response to a large YF outbreak in multiple eastern states, CDC expanded its vaccination recommendations for travelers going to Brazil. The expanded YF vaccination recommendations for these states are preliminary. For updates, refer to the CDC Travelers’ Health website.

Yellow Fever - CDC Yellow Book

• Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil
• Avoid floodwater

Clinical Guidance

Schistosomiasis

• Wading, swimming, bathing, or washing in contaminated freshwater streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, or untreated pools.

Avoid bug bites

Chagas disease (american trypanosomiasis).

• Accidentally rub feces (poop) of the triatomine bug into the bug bite, other breaks in the skin, your eyes, or mouth
• From pregnant woman to her baby, contaminated blood products (transfusions), or contaminated food or drink.
• Avoid Bug Bites

Chagas disease

• Mosquito bite

Leishmaniasis

• Sand fly bite
• An infected pregnant woman can spread it to her unborn baby

Airborne & droplet

• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live
• Avoid sick people

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Brazil, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the Department of State Country Information Pages for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Brazil. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Some diseases in Brazil—such as dengue, Zika, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease—are spread by bugs and cannot be prevented with a vaccine. Follow the insect avoidance measures described above to prevent these and other illnesses.

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Brazil include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection that can be spread in fresh water, is found in Brazil. Avoid swimming in fresh, unchlorinated water, such as lakes, ponds, or rivers.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Brazil’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Malaria is a risk in some parts of Brazil. If you are going to a risk area, fill your malaria prescription before you leave, and take enough with you for the entire length of your trip. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking the pills; some need to be started before you leave.

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Brazil may be poor.
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in Brazil, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

For information traffic safety and road conditions in Brazil, see Travel and Transportation on US Department of State's country-specific information for Brazil .

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

To call for emergency services while in Brazil, dial 192 for an ambulance, 193 for the fire department, and 190 for the police. Write these numbers down to carry with you during your trip.

Learn as much as you can about Brazil before you travel there. A good place to start is the country-specific information on Brazil from the US Department of State.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Brazil for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

If your doctor prescribed antimalarial medicine for your trip, keep taking the rest of your pills after you return home. If you stop taking your medicine too soon, you could still get sick.

Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

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Is Brazil Safe for Tourists in 2024? (Solo & Family Travel Guide) 

If you’re thinking about visiting Brazil but are concerned about safety, our guide will answer all of your safety-related questions. 

While crime is something to be mindful of, the good news is that, for tourists, exercising a high degree of caution is usually enough for a peaceful getaway. Let’s get into the nitty-gritty.  

Is Brazil Safe? 

Brazil is generally safe for tourists, but don’t stray too far off the tourist spots or get lost in the lively Brazilian vibes without staying alert and aware of your surroundings.  

There’s a big wealth gap here, which can stir up both petty and more serious crimes. As a tourist, you might stand out, so keep your valuables secure and don’t flaunt what you can’t afford to lose. 

The good news is that, in 2024, Brazil is South America’s safest country for travelers . Climbing 27 spots from the previous year, Brazil now ranks 15th globally in terms of travel safety. That’s a big win for Brazil and great news for anyone planning a visit!  

• International travel advisory: Level 2, practice increased caution 
• Crime rating: 65.09, moderate but approaching high 
• Most common crime that affects tourists: Pickpocketing and purse snatching 
• Public transportation safety: Buses and metros are reliable but prone to petty crimes  
• Beach safety: Be aware of petty crimes 
• Safety walking alone during the day: Moderately safe 
• Safety walking alone during the night: Not safe 
• Common natural disasters: Floods, landslides, forest fires, earthquakes, and (rare) hurricanes 
• Carbon monoxide poisoning: One fatal incident in 2023, a CO detector is advised 
• Police presence: Officers are spread out but more efficient in bigger cities 
• Medical care quality: Both public and private hospitals offer good quality healthcare 
• Tap water: Generally safe to drink, but opt for bottled just in case 
• Best time to visit: From December to March 

Travel Advisory for Brazil 

According to the travel advisory from the US Brazil is rated at a cautious Level 2 safety level , indicating it’s generally safe to visit but with a “High Degree of Caution.”  

According to the advisory, the crime rates are highest at : 

• Brasilia 
• Porto Alegre 
• Recife 
• Rio de Janeiro 
• Salvador 
• São Paulo 

Tourists should avoid the following border areas (unless necessary) : 

• Within 12.43 miles (20 km) of the border with Argentina, excluding Iguaçu National Park 
• Within 12.43 miles (20 km) of the border with Bolivia, excluding Pantanal National Park 
• Within 12.43 miles (20 km) of the border with Colombia 
• Within 12.43 miles (20 km) of the border with French Guiana 
• Within 12.43 miles (20 km) of the border with Guyana 
• Within 12.43 miles (20 km) of the border with Paraguay 
• Within 12.43 miles (20 km) of the border with Peru 
• Within 12.43 miles (20 km) of the border with Suriname 
• Within 31.07 miles (50 km) of the border with Venezuela 

Here are some potential worst-case scenarios travel advisory want visitors to be aware of:  

• Thefts commonly occur at beaches, outdoor markets, hotels, bars, nightclubs, airports, bus stations, and parking lots. 
• Petty crime spikes during major events like Carnival and Christmas. 
• Thieves target those appearing affluent. 
• Armed thieves on motorcycles frequently snatch valuables in São Paulo and Porto Alegre. 
• Spiked food and drinks are particularly common on Rio de Janeiro beaches and crowded São Paulo restaurants. 
• Criminals in Rio de Janeiro may kidnap victims temporarily to withdraw funds from ATMs. 
• Carjackings are frequent at night, in remote areas, and at road intersections. 
• Home invasions by armed gangs rise during the December-January holidays. 
• Organized crime is prevalent in northern and northeastern regions. 
• The “favelas” have the most gang-related violence. 
• Credit card and ATM fraud are common. 
• Cybercrime, malware attacks, and online dating scams occur frequently. 
• LGBTQ+ individuals face violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, or sex characteristics. 
• Sports events sometimes lead to violent incidents. 
• Demonstrations, even peaceful ones, are unpredictable and can turn chaotic. 
• Drivers are often aggressive and reckless, with motorcyclists weaving between lanes. 

A Comprehensive Look at Brazil Crime Rates 

Brazil’s crime rating is moderate to high , scoring 65.09. According to the 2023 Organized Crime Index , it ranks as the 4th country in South America for organized crime presence. 

Property crimes in Brazil saw a decline from 2017 to 2020 but spiked again in 2021 and 2022, reaching approximately 348,540 and 386,500 incidents respectively, up from 332,200 in 2020. 

In 2022, São Paulo topped the list for car thefts and break-ins , with about 133,590 cases reported, followed by Rio de Janeiro, with 42,062 cases reported. 

In 2023, seven of the ten cities with the highest violent crime rates were in northeast Brazil. Feira de Santana ranked as the most violent city , followed by Manaus and Salvador. 

On a positive note, Brazil marked its lowest number of Intentional Lethal Violent Crimes (ILVC) since 2010, with 40,429 incidents recorded —a 4.17% decrease from 2022, saving nearly 2,000 lives . 

Source : Numbeo , 2024 data based on 5,166 contributors. 

Personal Crime in Brazil 

While tourists are rarely targeted for personal crimes , they are still at risk of becoming victims of opportunistic offenses. Here are some areas in major cities where personal crimes are more frequent. 

Rio de Janeiro:  

• Christ the Redeemer statue 
• Copacabana Beach 
• Corcovado Trail 
• Ipanema Beach 
• Lapa neighborhood 
• Santa Teresa neighborhood 

São Paulo:  

• São Paulo Cathedral surroundings 
• Avenida Paulista 
• Historical downtown area 
• Municipal Market 
• Pinacoteca 
• Princess Isabel Square 
• Luz station 

Satellite cities of Brasilia:  

• Ceilândia 
• Paranoá 
• Santa Maria 
• São Sebastião 

Avoiding these neighborhoods and skipping the late-night walks, even in the safer, more touristy zones, goes a long way in dodging such crimes. Respecting Brazil’s culture is also important—you want to blend in rather than stand out, so always approach interactions with respect. 

Property Crime in Brazil 

As a tourist, the most common property crimes you might encounter are petty thefts like pickpocketing and purse snatching . 

These incidents can happen anywhere , from bustling city centers to remote trails and at any time, from the famous Carnival to a leisure stroll to the supermarket. 

To safeguard your belongings, avoid keeping valuables in easily accessible places like back pockets. It’s smart to stash extra cash in a less obvious spot, like your sock, just in case. 

Most thieves rely on tricks rather than force , so watch out for scams like distractions designed to divert your attention while someone lifts your wallet. 

If you do fall victim to theft, remember not to resist —this rule applies worldwide. Criminals may be armed, so cooperating calmly is crucial for your safety. 

Police Presence in Brazil 

Police response in Brazil can sometimes take some time in less populated and remote regions, though they’re quicker and more spread out in the big cities . 

In popular tourist areas, you might spot special tourist police units known as Polícia Turística. These officers help travelers with issues like lost documents and other minor incidents, providing an additional layer of support for visitors. 

Be cautious, though —armed clashes between security forces and criminals can happen in certain neighborhoods, such as the favelas (slums). Sometimes, this violence spills into nearby areas, including upscale neighborhoods and tourist spots. 

If you’re traveling around Brazil by car, know that police might stop you for routine checks, often looking for drunk drivers . When you see a police checkpoint, slow down and be cooperative. 

Public Transportation Safety in Brazil 

While Brazil’s public transportation system is pretty reliable , it may get crowded and attract pickpockets , so keep an eye on your belongings and avoid it late at night. 

For a safer ride, taxis and rideshares are your best bet . In Brasilia, official taxis are white with a green sign on the doors. In Rio de Janeiro, they’re yellow with a blue stripe and the company’s name near the stripe at the back.  

You can hail a taxi using the EasyTaxi app or find local taxi numbers at bus stations, hotels, restaurants, and bars. Just make sure the driver turns on the meter to avoid getting overcharged. 

Ridesharing apps like 99, Cabify, and Uber are super popular in Brazil. They’re usually cheaper than metered taxis, and you can track and share your ride for extra safety. Always double-check the driver’s details and the car’s license plate before hopping in. 

Medical Care Quality in Brazil 

Brazilian hospitals, both public and private, offer excellent medical services . However, public hospitals often face overcrowding and long wait times, while private hospitals provide shorter wait times and modern amenities, albeit at higher costs. 

Here are some top hospitals in Brazil:  

• Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo (+55 11 21511233) 
• Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre (+55 51 33143434) 
• Hospital Santa Catarina, São Paulo (+55 11 30164133) 
• Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo (+55 11 35491000) 
• Hospital Mãe de Deus, Porto Alegre (+55 51 32306000) 
• Centro Médico de Campinas, Campinas (+55 19 3789-5300) 
• Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (+55 11 26610000) 
• Hospital Samaritano, São Paulo (+55 11 38215300) 
• BP – A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo (+55 11 35051000) 

If you’re on a budget, Brazil’s public healthcare system is free and covers everything from doctor visits to surgeries and medications. Still, if you prefer the comfort and quicker services of private hospitals, make sure you have a health insurance plan that will cover your expenses.  

Here are some recommendations:  

• Cigna Global Insurance Plan 
• William Russell Health Insurance 
• GeoBlue Travel Insurance  
• Nationwide Travel Insurance 
• Seven Corners Travel Insurance 
• Trawick International Insurance 
• Generali Global Assistance 

Is It Safe to Travel Solo in Brazil? 

Yes , you can safely explore Brazil on your own, but being alone does make you a bigger target for crime . 

Here’s how to be a responsible solo traveler: 

• Stay in hostels where you can meet fellow travelers and explore Brazil in groups 
• Don’t travel on foot after dark—use Uber or reputable taxi services to reach your destination 
• Join a guided tour so you won’t accidentally explore a dangerous area 
• Seek advice from hostel staff on safe beaches, great eateries, and reliable transport 
• Keep loved ones informed about your whereabouts and plans 
• Never hitchhike solo in Brazil 
• Ladies, if you get unwanted attention, politely show disinterest 
• Skip the bars and clubs while solo 
• Watch your drink to avoid drink spiking 

Is it Safe to Travel to Brazil as a Family? 

Yes , traveling with your family in Brazil is generally safe , but it can be a bit of a challenge if not properly planned. 

Here are some tips: 

• Choose a family-friendly resort or hotel where both kids and adults can relax and have fun, with everything you need close at hand 
• Pack effective insect repellent, anti-malarial meds, and sunscreen 
• Ensure everyone’s immunizations are up to date 
• Stick to bottled water and dine at trusted eateries 
• Rent a car or hire a driver for easy travel, which is especially handy for larger families 
• Keep a close eye on your family—don’t let your kids wander off or play out of sight 

Perils of Nature: The Risk of Natural Disasters in Brazil 

When planning to visit Brazil, it’s good to be aware of the natural disasters that may occur. Here are the main ones to watch out for. 

Floods 

In May 2024, torrential rainstorms in Brazil’s southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul caused the worst flooding the country has seen in 80 years . Other urban areas like São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais may also be susceptible to floods, mostly during the wet season . The Amazon Basin also experiences seasonal flooding from January to May . 

To stay safe, keep an eye on regional weather forecasts and avoid any flooded areas. The Weather Channel is a reliable source for weather updates , while Flood Map can keep you informed about potential floods . 

Landslides 

The intense rainstorms in Rio Grande do Sul in May 2024 not only caused severe flooding but also triggered devastating landslides across the state . Southeastern states like Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais are also prone to these disasters. 

If you’re hiking or traveling in these regions, exercise caution . Research the area for past landslide activity and avoid exploring after heavy rainfall .  

Droughts 

In 2023, the Amazon rainforest lost 3.33 million hectares of surface water, and this issue continues into 2024, affecting over 600,000 people. 

Droughts in Brazil occur when there is a prolonged lack of rainfall . The northeastern region, especially the Sertão, is mostly at risk, but even southeastern states have faced severe droughts in the past. 

If you find yourself in a drought-affected area, be prepared for possible water shortages . Stock up on water supplies and keep an eye on the news for any restrictions or advisories .  

Forest Fires 

Due to the severe drought in 2023, the Amazon Rainforest experienced devastating forest fires , spreading across vast untouched areas. In 2023 alone, fire outbreaks increased by 152%, and record-high wildfires have persisted into 2024 . 

These wildfires can be natural , sparked by prolonged dry spells and high temperatures, or human-induced , often from activities like clearing land for agriculture. Besides the Amazon Rainforest, the Pantanal wetlands and the Cerrado savanna are also at risk of these fires. 

If you encounter a significant fire, evacuate the affected area immediately . People with respiratory issues are mostly at risk. Stay informed by following local media for the latest updates and instructions. 

Earthquakes 

The latest earthquake in Brazil happened on July 2, 2024, a light 1.2 magnitude , too subtle for anyone to notice. The strongest earthquake in 2024 happened on January 28, a mighty 6.5 magnitude . Luckily, it caused no great damage or major injuries. 

If the ground starts to tremble: 

• Drop to the ground 
• Slide under something sturdy or against a solid interior wall 
• Hold on tight until the shake settles down 

For the latest earthquake activity across Brazil, visit the VolcanoDiscovery website. 

Occasional Hurricanes 

In mid-February 2024, a rare tropical storm named Akará formed off the coast of Brazil in the South Atlantic Ocean. Fortunately, it weakened without causing any damage on land , only bringing heavy rains. 

Hurricanes are exceptionally rare in Brazil. The only recorded instance besides Akará was Hurricane Catarina, which landed as a Category 1 hurricane in southern Brazil on March 27, 2004. 

Hurricanes typically take days to approach land , and their paths can change . But in case a cyclone heads your way: 

• Stay away from the beach and coastal areas 
• Prepare indoor activities until the weather improves 

For more information about possible hurricanes in Brazil, visit the National Hurricane Center . 

Beware the Silent Threat: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Brazil 

When booking your room in Brazil, double-check for a carbon monoxide (CO) detector . 

CO is a sneaky gas with no smell or color that leaks out from faulty stoves, ACs, and heaters . At early exposure, you might feel a headache or tiredness. But hang around too long, and it may cause you to pass out, or worse, it can be fatal . 

Unfortunately, Brazil has suffered a CO tragedy involving a tourist . Its neighboring country, Colombia, also had seen a fair share of CO incidents as well.  

No CO protection in your room? Buy a portable CO detector. They’re affordable, easy to pack, and can be a lifesaver wherever you travel. 

Remember: If your CO detector ever goes off, open the windows, leave the room immediately, and get to fresh air. 

Serenity by the Shore: The Safety of Brazil Beaches 

Brazil is a beach lover’s paradise, but be wary of petty thieves and bag snatchers on the shore.  

To ensure a safe and fun beach day, keep these tips in mind: 

• Skip the topless sunbathing 
• Leave valuables at home; if you must bring your phone or camera, keep it well hidden 
• If you want to swim, have someone in your group watch your stuff, or ask a friendly local (they hate crime too!) 
• Avoid beaches at night 

There are about 5,000 active guards along the coast. Plus, Brazil has 31 beaches with the prestigious Blue Flag certification , ensuring good water quality, lifeguards, environmental management, and facilities like walkways and restrooms. 

The famous beaches like Copacabana, Ipanema, and Leblon in Rio are iconic but don’t miss out on other gems like Jericoacoara in Ceara, Itacare in Bahia, and Sancho Beach in Fernando de Noronha. 

In addition to those prestigious Blue Flags, be sure to check out the other flag colors: 

• 🟢 Green flag: Dive in, it’s safe 
• 🟡 Yellow flag: Be cautious; there’s moderate surf and currents 
• 🟥 Single red flag: Strong currents; stay on the shore 
• 🟥🟥 Double red flags: Danger; beach is closed 
• 🟥🟡 Red and yellow flag: Lifeguards are on duty 
• ⬛⬜ Black and white quartered flag: Surfing area; no swimming 
• 🟡⚫ Yellow flag with black ball: No surfboards or watercraft allowed 
• 🟣 Purple flag: Beware of dangerous marine life 
• 🟠 Orange windsock flag: Offshore winds; keep inflatables onshore 
• 🟥⬜ Red and white quartered flag: Emergency evacuation 

Brazil’s coast is home to various sharks, so stay safe by swimming close to shore or with groups and avoiding dawn and dusk when sharks are most active. With these precautions, you can enjoy Brazil’s beaches worry-free. 

Brazil Weather Patterns: What to Expect 

Brazil’s size means it’s got a little bit of everything climate-wise across its 3 million-plus square miles. Here’s a quick breakdown of the main climate zones in this vast country. 

Amazon Basin (Equatorial)  

• Hot, humid, and rainy all the time 
• Over 79 inches (2000 mm) of rain annually 
• Temperatures hover between 77°F and 82°F (25-28°C) 

Central and Coastal (Tropical)  

• Warm to hot year-round 
• Wet season: November to March 
• Dry season: April to October 
• Temperatures range from 64°F to 86°F (18-30°C) 

Northeast (Semi-Arid)  

• Hot and dry with less predictable rain 
• Less than 31 inches (800 mm) of rain per year 
• Temperatures can soar above 86°F (30°C) during the dry season 

Highlands (Highland Tropical):  

• Summer (December-February): Warm and wet 
• Winter (June-August): Cooler and drier 
• Temperatures range from 59°F to 77°F (15-25°C) 

South (Subtropical)  

• Summer (December-February): Hot, up to 86°F (30°C) 
• Winter (June-August): Cool, sometimes below 50°F (10°C) 
• Rainfall spread throughout the year 

Monthly Average Temperatures in Brazil’s Capital, Brasília  

Source : WeatherSpark , 2024 data 

When Is the Best Time to Visit Brazil? 

The best time to explore Brazil is during the sunny months from December to March.   

These peak tourist times are when Brazil truly shines: warm days, bustling beaches, lively streets that party until dawn, iconic landmarks, and epic celebrations like New Year’s Eve and Rio’s Carnival. 

But hey, not everyone likes big crowds, hot weather, and non-stop energy, right? Here are some alternatives: 

• If you like to skip the heat and dodge the masses, consider visiting from June to August , during Brazil’s low season. You’ll snag great deals while still enjoying warm weather. 
• Prefer quiet beaches over packed shores? Aim for November just before the festive rush or March when the summer buzz mellows. Plus, you’ll score sweet deals. 
• If Rio’s Carnival seems like too much to bear, check out Festa Junina in June —an awesome nationwide fest celebrating saints John the Baptist, Anthony, and Peter, with its unique charm but less crowded. 

If you’re venturing into the Amazon: 

• July to December is the dry season, which means easier hiking and lower water levels. 
• January to May is the wet season, so the higher water levels allow exploration mostly by canoe. 

How to Stay Safe in Brazil 

• Some of the safest neighborhoods in Rio de Janeiro are Ipanema, Copacabana, Leblon, Barra da Tijuca, and Urca 
• Some of the more dangerous neighborhoods in São Paulo are Pinheiros, Jardim Paulista, Moema, Vila Mariana, and Sumaré 
• When you land in Brazil, make sure to arrange a ride from an official airport taxi or pre-book your pickup through your hotel—avoid hopping into random street cabs 
• Keep your phone secure when out—save the map checks for indoors 
• Snap pictures wisely, staying mindful of passersby 
• Hit the ATM during daylight hours, preferably in secure spots like banks or malls with vigilant security 
• Brazilians are vocal and expect lively streets, spirited conversations, cheek kisses, and expressive gestures 
• Leave valuables and passports in your room when hitting up Brazilian parties—stick with trusted people and watch your alcohol intake 
• Spilled on? Don’t let anyone clean it—it might be a pickpocketing scam 
• English may not fly everywhere, so a few Portuguese phrases can go a long way 
• Carnival’s a blast, but plan meet-up spots because the crowds are intense  
• Street vendors offer goodies but avoid unsealed drinks 
• Police patrol heavily during Carnival; step aside for them in the crowd and avoid panicking during fights—walk away calmly 
• Tap water is treated in big cities like Rio and São Paulo, but bottled water is a safe bet 
• Amazonian jungle trekking? Go with a guide, never alone 
• Battle bugs with strong repellent and sleep under nets 
• Ensure your vaccinations are up to date 
• At Copacabana and Ipanema beaches, keep valuables to a minimum and keep your eyes peeled—pro thieves are always lurking around 

Useful Apps/Sites to Enhance Your Experience 

• Discover all the hotspots—sights, shops, restaurants, hotels, and more with AroundMe (iOS/Android) 
• Purchase bus tickets with Clickbus (iOS/Android) 
• Find available parking spots with Ondepar (iOS/Android) 
• Score tickets for movies, theaters, and concerts with Ingresso (iOS/Android) 
• Stay ahead of the weather with Windy (iOS/Android) 
• Navigate Brazil’s streets with Google Maps (iOS/Android) 
• Break down language barriers with Google Translate (iOS/Android) 
• Order a ride-share with 99, Cabify, and Uber 
• Hail a licensed taxi with EasyTaxi 
• Order food through Glovo and UberEats 

Emergency Numbers 

• Medical Emergency: 192 
• Fire Service: 193 
• Federal Police: 194 
• Federal Highway Police: 191 
• São Paulo Civil Police: 197 
• Rio de Janeiro Civil Police: 197 
• Sea Rescue: (21) 2104 6119 

Boa Viagem (Safe Travels)! 

While Brazil has its share of smooth operators trying to outsmart unsuspecting travelers, the trick is not to make yourself an easy target. Stay informed about your destination and follow the authorities’ advice— practice increased caution ! 

Now, let’s point you to some awesome spots beyond the usual São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro: 

• Fernando de Noronha: A remote island paradise and UNESCO World Heritage Site 
• João Pessoa, Paraíba: An underrated beach destination with stunning sunrises and sunsets 
• Paraty, Costa Verde: A colonial town dripping with old-world charm, surrounded by quiet beaches 
• Fortaleza, Ceará: A coastal gem with miles of beautiful beaches, a great alternative to Rio and São Paulo 
• Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia: A hidden gem of a national park with breathtaking natural wonders 
• Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão: Surreal white sand dunes dotted with turquoise lagoons 

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Is Rio de Janeiro Safe to Visit? Warnings and Dangers Travelers Should Know

The Editors

We are the editors of SmarterTravel! Together we have appeared in countless travel publications including ABC News, Huffington Post, Travel + Leisure, USA Today, and more. We dedicate our days to creating and producing expert travel content, including packing tips, general travel advice, destination inspiration, and helpful videos. Follow us across social media on YouTube , Pinterest , Facebook , Instagram , and Twitter or drop us a line to say hi at [email protected]!

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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s second largest city, is considered the nation’s cultural and economic center, with an abundance of museums and galleries, incomparable shopping, iconic beaches such as Copacabana , and, of course, the epically festive Carnaval. Rio is also home to a travelers’ bucket-list mainstay: the massive, art deco-style Christ the Redeemer statue atop Mount Corcovado.

But is Rio de Janeiro safe to visit? Unfortunately, the Rio crime rate is fairly high. Violent crime is a “frequent occurrence,” according to the Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC), while street crimes such as pickpocketing and purse snatching are “a constant concern,” happening all over Rio at all times of year. The 2016 Olympics actually exacerbated the Rio de Janeiro crime rate, though the city did see a reduction in shootings in 2019 .

Rio crime, then, is to be taken quite seriously. “Criminals [in Rio] most often target their victims due to perceived wealth and lack of awareness,” according to OSAC, so it’s wise not to flaunt what you’ve got and always to appear alert and engaged with your surroundings.

If you are considering a trip and find yourself wondering, “Is Rio safe to visit?” read on for important advice on Rio de Janeiro safety.

Tips for Rio de Janeiro Safety

• Is it safe to travel to Rio de Janeiro? That depends on where you go. Areas to avoid in Rio de Janeiro include Rocinha, Vila Mimosa, most of the city’s north zone, its favelas, and their neighboring areas including Del Castilho, Cascadura, Bangu, and Pavuna. Keep in mind, too, that even the safest neighborhoods in Rio de Janeiro can turn dangerous after dark.
• Taking a cab in Rio? Make sure that it’s official and licensed by checking to see that it’s yellow with a blue stripe and red license plates; otherwise, you risk getting into an illegal or pirate taxi.
• Keep away from Rio de Janeiro’s dangerous favelas; tourists who have wandered into these slums of Rio have ended up shot. Know where you’re going at all times, check maps, and don’t go down any unpaved or cobbled streets.

Areas to Avoid in Rio de Janeiro

A key element of being able to stay safe in this iconic Brazilian city is knowing which areas to avoid in Rio de Janeiro, as well as which are the safest neighborhoods in Rio de Janeiro. If you’re looking to sidestep Rio crime, stay away from Rocinha , Rio’s largest favela, where recent drug-related violence has been so severe that the military has needed to get involved.

It’s also wise to steer clear of Vila Mimosa, which is notorious for prostitution , as well as the city’s north zone , its favelas, and their neighboring areas including Del Castilho, Cascadura, Bangu, and Pavuna.

There are also certain areas in Rio that are safe to wander around in during the day⁠—but where things change after dark. These include Centro, where nighttime muggings are common; Santa Teresa, where driving can be dangerous and it’s easy to end up in a violent favela; and Botafogo Beach and Flamengo Park, which are adjacent to each other and have a large population of people living in poverty, so thefts and violence spike at night.

12 Life-Saving Travel Hacks for Your Next Trip

How to Get Around Safely in Rio de Janeiro

How safe is Rio de Janeiro for tourists to navigate? Again, that depends on how you handle yourself and how you opt to get around.

There are lots of taxis in Rio, and using them can be relatively safe, though you’ll want to make sure that any cab you get into is licensed and metered⁠—and that you call a taxi in advance or use a taxi app rather than hailing one off the street. To save yourself the risk of entering one of Rio’s many illegal or pirate taxis , only use yellow cabs with a blue stripe and state-issued red livery license plates, and never agree to pay your fare in advance of your ride, unless it’s at the airport’s licensed taxi desk.

Taking taxis is always preferable to taking Rio’s mini-buses, which host lots of crime and are unregulated. The metro, on the other hand, is considered a safe way for travelers to get around Rio de Janeiro, although tourists should always be alert for petty criminals, as they’re common on all forms of public transit in Rio; keep in mind that they often work in groups. Women should consider using the system’s women-only cars during crowded periods.

Wherever you are in Rio de Janeiro, always keep your bearings, plot all your routes in advance, and know exactly you are⁠—especially in relation to your hotel. If you’re using GPS, make sure that the route doesn’t veer you into a dangerous favela. Don’t dress like a tourist, either⁠—only wear beachwear at the beach, and leave all valuables at your hotel (or at home), bringing along only what you absolutely need.

Most places in Rio accept credit cards, but if you find the need to carry cash, stay away from shady-looking ATMs, using only those that are in reputable locations, like a bank or your hotel. One common form of crime in Rio de Janeiro are “ express kidnappings ,” during which a victim is forced to withdraw money from an ATM machine that they were just seen using, or taken around to different ATMs to withdraw money for the kidnappers; usually the victims are let go after the cash is stolen. This is yet another reason to avoid ATMs if at all possible.

If you’re in Rio to party, that’s great⁠—the nightlife here is some of the world’s best—but proceed with caution and don’t lose sight of the fact that Rio crime is a real concern, especially after dark. Stay in the popular areas, don’t wander off by yourself, watch how many caipirinhas you’ve consumed, and never leave your drink unattended.

Keep in mind, too, that Rio de Janeiro does experience occasional natural disasters, including floods, mudslides, and major storms. If you find yourself in the midst of one of these events, head to higher ground and heed officials’ instructions. It’s also worth noting that the Zika virus is still a concern throughout Brazil , so take every precaution to protect yourself against mosquito bites while in Rio.

Do Travelers Still Need to Worry About the Zika Virus in 2020?

Favelas in Rio de Janeiro

Favelas are Rio’s neglected slums on the outskirts of the city. Violence within them is ever present and growing, thanks in large part to organized crime that centers around drug trafficking in Brazil. Travelers who have accidentally wandered into Rio’s favelas have gotten shot and injured .

Tourists in Rio, then, are advised not to go down unpaved, cobbled, or narrow streets, as these may lead into a favela. Check a map of the city that shows where Rio’s favelas are located (there’s a good one here ), but if you’re unsure, ask at your hotel or inquire with local authorities.

Rio de Janeiro’s government began a “ favela pacification program ” to bring favelas under police control, but results were mixed . Unfortunately, they are still dangerous places with an increasing amount of violent crime, so travelers should steer clear. Though favela tours have become more popular as a safe way to learn about life in these areas, the U.K. government says they are best avoided.

More from SmarterTravel:

• 9 Incredible Brazilian Beaches for Every Type of Traveler
• What You Need to Know About Tipping in Brazil
• 10 Travel Safety Tips You Can Learn from the CIA

—original reporting by Avital Andrews

We hand-pick everything we recommend and select items through testing and reviews. Some products are sent to us free of charge with no incentive to offer a favorable review. We offer our unbiased opinions and do not accept compensation to review products. All items are in stock and prices are accurate at the time of publication. If you buy something through our links, we may earn a commission.

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7 things you should know before traveling to Brazil

Nov 8, 2023 • 5 min read

Keep these tips in mind and you'll have an incredible trip to Brazil © FG Trade / Getty Images

Just mention that you’re planning a trip to Brazil, and the idea will instantly conjure up images of sunny beaches and the infectious rhythm of a samba beat or the sultry melodies of bossa nova.

From the iconic yellow and blue kit of its national soccer team, the flamboyant outfits of the Carnaval dancers, and the famously fruity headpiece of Carmen Miranda, Brazil’s cultural impression on the world has been wide-reaching. But as a Brazilian-American it always surprises me how little others know about the vast country’s many diverse regions and day-to-day customs.

Growing up snacking on pão de queijo (cheese bread) and brigadeiros (chocolate truffles), I’ve been visiting Brazil since I was a kid and regularly return to visit family and explore new regions.

There are endless ways to experience Brazil, but these are the top things to know if you want to plan a trip to Brazil that goes above and beyond.

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Electricity supplies vary – sometimes 110V and sometimes 220V – so check before plugging anything in. Plugs have two round pins, as in continental Europe.

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Brazilian Beaches: Copacabana, Botafogo and more

Begin at Foz do Iguaçu, where you will stand in awe of the huge Iguaçu Falls. Next up, we'll head to the lively city of Rio de Janeiro, home of the legendary Copacabana, Botafogo and Flamengo beaches, and of course, Sugar Loaf Mountain and the iconic Christ the Redeemer statue.

Blissful Brazil

Welcome to a lavish journey that marries adventure with style, featuring stays in carefully chosen four-star hotels. This reinvigorating trip will have you sightseeing in São Paulo, gazing at the spectacular Foz do Iguaçu falls and relaxing on Rio's finest beaches before you know it.

Breathtaking Brazil: Rio, Beaches and Waterfalls

Explore the lively city of Rio de Janeiro, home to Ipanema and Copacabana beaches; experience the stunning Foz do Iguaçu National Park and see the world’s largest waterfalls system; immerse yourself in cultural Salvador, the magnificent former capital of Portugal’s New World colony.

Extraordinary Brazil - Paraty & Iguaçu

Combine adventure and nature in Paraty with the stunning Iguaçu waterfalls. Your trip starts in the colonial town Paraty, Costa Verde's main attraction. Jeep rides, beaches, and a lot of culture are part of the program. Afterwards, fly to Foz do Iguaçu and see the falls from both Argentina & Brazil.

Jaguars in North Pantanal

Spend a week in a lodge in North Pantanal with boat tours, walking trails, horseback riding and an unforgettable Jaguar expedition. Experienced wildlife guides are available in the lodge to explain more of the fascinating fauna and flora around you.

Pure Wildlife - North Pantanal & Amazonia

Discover the world's largest continental flood area - the Pantanal, one of the richest places in biodiversity. Continue your wildlife trip to the Amazon River. Your lodges throughout the trip are located right in nature, with easy access to lodge trails around.

Gay life in Brazil thrives, especially in the large cities, Rio in particular being one of the great gay cities of the world. In general, the scene benefits from Brazil’s hedonistically relaxed attitudes towards sexuality in general, and the divide between gay and straight nightlife is often very blurred.

Attitudes vary from region to region. The two most popular gay destinations are Rio and Salvador. Rural areas and small towns, especially in Minas Gerais, the Northeast and the South, are conservative; the medium-sized and larger cities less so. A useful resource to consult before your trip is w www.guiagaybrasil.com.br ; although the text is in Portuguese, there are enough English indicators to allow non-Portuguese speakers to navigate easily through it and benefit from the listings and tips.

Prior to travelling, you should take out an insurance policy to cover against theft, loss and illness or injury. Before paying for a new policy, however, it’s worth checking whether you already have some degree of coverage – credit-card companies, home-insurance policies and private medical plans sometimes cover you and your belongings when you’re abroad. Most travel agents, tour operators, banks and insurance brokers will be able to help you. Remember that when securing baggage insurance, make sure that the per-article limit – typically under £500 equivalent – will cover your most valuable possession.

Even the humblest hotel has a lavadeira , who will wash and iron your clothes. Agree on a price beforehand, but don’t be too hard – livelihoods are at stake. Larger hotels have set prices for laundry services – usually, surprisingly expensive. Very common in larger cities are lavandarías , which operate a very useful por peso system – the clothes are weighed at the entrance, you pay per kilo, and pick them up washed and folded the next day for a couple of dollars per kilo. Ironing ( passar ) costs a little more.

A post office is called a correio , identifiable by their bright yellow postboxes and signs. An imposing Correios e Telégrafos building will always be found in the centre of a city of any size, but there are also small offices and kiosks scattered around that only deal with mail. Queues are often a problem, but you can save time by using one of their franking machines for stamps; the lines move much more quickly. Stamps ( selos ) are most commonly available in two varieties, either for mailing within Brazil or abroad. A foreign postage stamp costs around R$1.70 for either a postcard or a letter up to 10g. It is expensive to send parcels abroad.

Mail within Brazil takes three or four days, longer in the North and Northeast, while airmail letters to Europe and North America usually take about a week. Surface mail takes about a month to North America, and two to Europe. Although the postal system is generally very reliable, it is not advisable to send valuables through the mail.

We’ve provided maps of all the major towns and cities and various other regions. More detailed maps are surprisingly hard to get hold of outside Brazil and are rarely very good: there are plenty of maps of South America, but the only widely available one that is specifically of Brazil is the Bartholomew Brazil & Bolivia (1:5,000,000), which is not very easy to read. Much better are the six regional maps in the Mapa Rodoviário Touring series (1:2,500,000), which clearly mark all the major routes, although these, even in Brazil, are difficult to find.

A useful compendium of city maps and main road networks is published by Guias Quatro Rodas, a Brazilian motoring organization, which also has maps to Rio, São Paulo and other cities, states and regions. These are easy to find in bookstores, newsagents and magazine stalls. Very clear 1:960,000 maps of individual states are published by On Line Editora, and are usually available in Brazilian bookstores and newspaper kiosks; topographical and hiking maps are difficult to come by, though very occasionally they are available from municipal tourist offices or national parks in Brazil, or from local trekking equipment shops or tour operators.

Basic hours for most stores and businesses are from Monday to Friday 9am to 6pm and Saturday 9am to noon, with an extended lunch hour from around noon to 2pm. Shops in malls stay open until late Saturday night. Banks open at 10am, and stay open all day, but usually stop changing money at either 2pm or 3pm; except for those at major airports, they’re closed at weekends and on public holidays. Museums and monuments more or less follow office hours but many are closed on Monday.

Phones are operated by phonecards ( cart ã o telefônico ), which are on sale everywhere – from newspaper stands, street sellers’ trays and most cafés. For local calls, a 5- real card will last for several conversations; for long-distance or international calls, higher-value phonecards come in 10, 20, 50 or 100 real denominations. Calls to the US or Europe cost about US$1.50 per minute. Before dialling direct, lift the phone from the hook, insert the phonecard and listen for a dialling tone. Note that long-distance calls are cheaper after 8pm.

The dialling tone is a single continuous note, engaged is rapid pips, and the ringing tone is regular peals, as in the US. The phone system in Brazil is continually overloaded. If you get an engaged tone, keep trying – nine times out of ten, the phone is not actually engaged and you get through after seven or eight attempts. The smaller the place, the more often you need to try.

Long-distance and international calls can also be made from a posto telefônico , which all operate in the same way: you ask at the counter for a chave , are given a numbered key, go to the booth, insert the key and turn it to the right, and can then make up to three completed calls. You are billed when you return the key. To make a call between cities, you need to dial the trunk code, the código DDD (pronounced “daydayday”), listed at the front of phone directories. For international calls, ask for chamada internacional ; a reverse-charge call is a chamada a cobrar . Reversing the charges costs about twice as much as paying locally, and it is much cheaper to use a telephone charge-card from home. Except in the most remote parts of Amazônia and the Northeast, everything from a small town upwards has a posto , though note that outside large cities they shut at 10pm.

Long-distance telephone access codes

The privatization of Brazil’s telephone system has led to a proliferation of new telephone companies and increased competition. Before making a national or international call you must now select the telephone company you wish to use by inserting a two-digit code between the zero and the area code or country code of the number you are calling. To call Rio, for example, from anywhere else in the country, you would dial zero + phone company code + city code followed by the seven-digit number. For local calls, you simply dial the seven- or eight-digit number.

As different phone companies predominate in different areas of the country, pay phones will display which company code should be used from that particular phone, or the hotel receptionist will let you know the correct code to be used if calling from your hotel. The commonest codes are 21, 23 and 14. If you want to reverse the charges, dial 90 and then the number with company code as above. To reverse the charges on an international call, dial 00080 followed by the country code. As ever, the simplest option to make international calls is a phonecard bought before you leave.

Most of Brazil is three hours behind GMT, but the states of Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul are four hours behind – that includes the cities of Manaus, Corumbá, Rio Branco, Porto Velho, Cuiabá and Campo Grande.

Bills usually come with ten percent taxa de serviço included, in which case you don’t have to tip – ten percent is about right if it is not included. Waiters and some hotel employees depend on tips. You don’t have to tip taxi drivers (though they won’t say no), but you are expected to tip barbers, hairdressers, shoeshine kids, self-appointed guides and porters. It’s useful to keep change handy for them – and for beggars.

You’ll find tourist information fairly easy to come by once in Brazil, and there are some sources to be tapped before you leave home. Brazil’s embassies or larger consulates have tourist sections, where you can pick up brochure information and advice.

Popular destinations such as Rio, Salvador, the Northeast beach resorts, and towns throughout the South have efficient and helpful tourist offices , but anywhere off the beaten track has nothing at all – only Manaus, Belém and Porto Velho have offices in the Amazon region, for example.

Most state capitals have tourist information offices, which are announced by signs saying Informações Turísticas . Many of these provide free city maps and booklets, but they are usually all in Portuguese. As a rule, only the airport tourist offices have hotel-booking services , and none of them is very good on advising about budget accommodation. Tourist offices are run by the different state and municipal governments, so you have to learn a new acronym every time you cross a state line. In Rio, for example, you’ll find TurisRio, which advises on the state, and Riotur, which provides information on the city. There’s also EMBRATUR , the national tourist organization, but it doesn’t have direct dealings with the general public apart from its excellent website.

Travelling in Brazil for people with disabilities is likely to be difficult if special facilities are required. For example, access even to recently constructed buildings may be impossible, as lifts are often too narrow to accept wheelchairs or there may be no lift at all. In general, though, you’ll find that hotel and restaurant staff are helpful and will do their utmost to be of assistance to try to make up for the deficiencies in access and facilities.

Buses in cities are really only suitable for the agile; taxis , however, are plentiful, and most can accommodate wheelchairs. Long-distance buses are generally quite comfortable, with the special leito services offering fully reclining seats. Internal airlines are helpful, and wheelchairs are available at all the main airports.

The cost of living in Brazil is low outside the main tourist spots, and even within them shopping around can lower costs a lot. Europeans will mostly think Brazil cheap, North Americans a little less so but still comparing favourably with the US for most things. Particularly reasonable are hotels (except in Rio), foodstuffs (including eating out) and bus travel, while most museums are free. The exception is internal plane tickets, which a near-monopoly between TAM and Gol make expensive, unless you have an airpass. Other relatively expensive things are sunblock, good-quality clothing, cameras and anything to do with computers (except internet cafés, which are very cheap).

On the whole, Brazil is very much a viable destination for the budget traveller. The cheapness of food and budget hotels – and the fact that the best attractions, such as the beaches, are free – still make it possible to have an enjoyable time on a budget of less than R$125 a day. Staying in good hotels, travelling by comfortable buses or planes and not stinting on the extras is likely to cost you around R$400 a day.

The Brazilian currency is the real (pronounced “hey-al”); its plural is reís (pronounced “hey-ice”), written R$. The real is made up of one hundred centavos, written ¢. The rather pleasing notes, themed after Brazilian wildlife and all the same size but different colours, are for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 reís; coins are 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 centavos and the 1 real. You will occasionally see a tattered R$1 note but these are being phased out, although they are legal tender. Throughout the Guide, all prices are given in Brazilian reís unless otherwise noted. However, US dollars and euros are easy enough to change in banks and exchange offices anywhere, and are also readily accepted by luxury hotels, tour companies and souvenir shops in the big cities.

Changing money in Brazil is simple; just take your bank or credit card with PIN (Personal Identification Number, which you must set up with your bank before your trip), and use ATMs – they are now ubiquitous in Brazil, to be found in most supermarkets, many pharmacies and all airports, as well as banks. Only Visa cards can be used to withdraw cash advances at the ATMs of Banco do Brasil and Banco Bradesco; only MasterCard at HSBC, Itaú and Banco Mercantil. Increasing numbers of Brazilian banks are linking their cash dispensers to the Cirrus and Maestro networks; the most reliable and widespread is the Banco 24 Horas network and HSBC. One important thing to note is that for security reasons most bank ATMs stop dispensing cash after 8pm, although Banco 24 Horas in large supermarkets will dispense until 10pm. Airport ATMs are the only ones that dispense cash all hours.

The main credit cards are widely accepted by shops, hotels and restaurants throughout Brazil, even in rural areas. MasterCard and Visa are the most prevalent, with Diners Club and American Express also widespread. It’s a good idea to inform your credit-card issuer about your trip before you leave so that the card isn’t stopped for uncharacteristic use.

Given the ease of using plastic, traveller’s cheques are not recommended, unless you want a small emergency reserve. Only the head offices of major banks (Banco do Brasil, HSBC, Banco Itaú, Banespa) will have an exchange department (ask for câmbio); whether changing cash or traveller’s cheques, you’ll need your passport. You can also change cash and traveller’s cheques in smart hotels and in some large travel agencies. Airport banks are open seven days a week, others only Monday to Friday.

Exchange rates were stable in the US$1.80–2.20 range for years but rose against the dollar with the financial crisis of late 2008, making Brazil cheaper for North Americans but more expensive for Europeans, especially Britons. But since Brazil’s newfound economic stability means it is now well placed to weather crises, exchange-rate turbulence is unlikely to be a feature of your stay. You will see two rates quoted in hotels: the oficial, or interbank rate, which you will be able to get in a casa de câmbio, an exchange counter in a travel agency or specialized exchange dealer (although these are now thin on the ground), and the turismo, a few cents less – more in hotels, where they bank on the ignorance of the clientele. Rates out of ATMs are usually the oficial, making plastic an even better option.

Brazil has a reputation as a rather dangerous place, and while it’s not entirely undeserved, it is often overblown and you should not let fear overshadow your stay. If you take the precautions outlined below, you are extremely unlikely to come to any harm – although you might still have something stolen somewhere along the way. The tips in this section apply everywhere, but be particularly alert in Rio, Salvador and Recife.

Criminals know that any injury to a foreign tourist is going to mean a heavy clampdown, which in turn means no pickings for a while. So unless you resist during an incident, nothing is likely to happen to you. That said, having a knife or a gun held on you is something of a shock: it’s very difficult to think rationally. But if you are unlucky enough to be the victim of an assalto (a hold-up), try to remember that it’s your possessions rather than you that are the target. Your money and anything you’re carrying will be snatched, your watch will get pulled off your wrist, but within a couple of seconds it will be over. On no account resist: it isn’t worth the risk.

Taking precautions

As a rule, assaltos are most common in the larger cities, and are rare in the countryside and towns. Most assaltos take place at night, in backstreets with few people around, so stick to busy, well-lit streets; in a city, it’s always a lot safer to take a taxi than walk. Also, prepare for the worst by locking your money and passport in the hotel safe – the one in your room is more secure than the one at reception. If you must carry them, make sure they’re in a moneybelt or a concealed internal pocket. Do not carry your valuables in a pouch hanging from your neck. Only take along as much money as you’ll need for the day, but do take at least some money, as the average assaltante won’t believe a gringo could be out of money, and might get rough. Don’t wear an expensive watch or jewellery: if you need a watch you can always buy a cheap plastic digital one on a street corner. And keep wallets and purses out of sight – pockets with buttons or zips are best.

You need to take special care when carrying a laptop – around business-oriented airports, like Congonhas in São Paulo and Santos Dumont in Rio, laptop stealing has become epidemic. Scouts wait at exits and phone ahead to thieves on motorbikes, who pull alongside your taxi when it is stuck in traffic and tap on the window with a revolver. Conceal laptops inside bags that do not look like computer bags, and try to avoid looking like a businessperson even if you are one.

More common than an assalto is a simple theft, a furto. Brand-new, designer-label bags are an obvious target, so go for the downmarket look. You’re at your most vulnerable when travelling and though the luggage compartments of buses are pretty safe – remember to get a baggage check from the person putting them in and don’t throw it away – the overhead racks inside are less safe; keep an eye on things you stash there, especially on night journeys. On a city beach, never leave things unattended while you take a dip: any beachside bar will stow things for you. Most hotels (even the cheaper ones) will have a safe, a caixa, and unless you have serious doubts about the place you should lock away your most valuable things: the better the hotel, the more secure it’s likely to be. In cheaper hotels, where rooms are shared, the risks are obviously greater – some people take along a small padlock for extra security and many wardrobes in cheaper hotels have latches fitted for this very purpose. Finally, take care at Carnaval as it’s a notorious time for pickpockets and thieves.

At international airports, particularly Rio and São Paulo, certain scams operate; for instance, well-dressed and official-looking men target tourists arriving off international flights in the arrivals lounge, identify themselves as policemen, often flashing a card, and tell the tourists to go with them. The tourists are then pushed into a car outside and robbed. If anyone, no matter how polite or well dressed they are, or how good their English is, identifies themselves as a policeman to you, be instantly on your guard – real policemen generally leave foreigners well alone. They won’t try anything actually inside a terminal building, so go to any airline desk or grab one of the security guards, and on no account leave the terminal building with them or leave any luggage in their hands.

If you are robbed or held up, it’s not necessarily a good idea to go to the police. Except with something like a theft from a hotel room, they’re very unlikely to be able to do anything, and reporting something can take hours even without the language barrier. You may have to do it for insurance purposes, when you’ll need a local police report: this could take an entire, and very frustrating, day to get, so think first about how badly you want to be reimbursed. If your passport is stolen, go to your consulate and they’ll smooth the path.

If you have to deal with the police, there are various kinds. The best are usually the Polícia de Turismo, or tourist police, who are used to tourists and their problems and often speak some English, but they’re thin on the ground outside Rio. In a city, their number should be displayed on or near the desk of all hotels. The most efficient police by far are the Polícia Federal, the Brazilian equivalent of the American FBI, who deal with visas and their extension; they have offices at frontier posts, airports and ports and in state capitals. The ones you see on every street corner are the Polícia Militar, with blue or green uniforms and caps. They look mean – and very often are – but, apart from at highway road blocks, they generally leave gringos alone. There is also a plain-clothes Polícia Civil, to whom thefts are reported if there is no tourist police post around – they are overworked, underpaid and extremely slow. If you decide to go to the police in a city where there is a consulate, get in touch with the consulate first and do as they tell you.

The drug wars in the favelas that you will have heard about and may well see on local TV during your stay are very localized and unlikely to have any impact on foreign tourists. But you should be extremely careful about using drugs in Brazil. Marijuana – maconha – is common, but you are in trouble if the police find any on you. You’ll be able to bribe your way out of it, but it will cost you the daily withdrawal limit on whatever plastic you have. Foreigners sometimes get targeted for a shakedown and have drugs planted on them – the area around the Bolivian border has a bad reputation for this – in order to get a bribe out of them. If this happens to you, deny everything, refuse to pay and insist on seeing a superior officer and telephoning the nearest consulate – though this approach is only for the patient.

Cocaine is not as common as you might think, as most of it simply passes through Brazil from Bolivia or Colombia bound for Europe. Nevertheless, the home market has grown in recent years, controlled by young and vicious gang-leaders from the favelas of the major cities.

Be careful about taking anything illegal on buses: they are sometimes stopped and searched at state lines. The stupidest thing you could do would be to take anything illegal anywhere near Bolivia, as buses heading to or from that direction get vigorously searched by the federais. Much the same can be said of smuggling along the rivers into Peru and Colombia: don’t even think about it.

There are no compulsory vaccinations required to enter the country from Europe or North America (although you may need a yellow fever certificate entering from another South American country), but certain precautions should be taken, especially if you’re staying for any length of time or visiting more remote regions. Taking out travel insurance is vital, and you should be especially aware of HIV and dengue fever, a significant problem in Rio during the Brazilian summer (Dec–April). But you should not let health issues make you unduly paranoid – if you need it, good medical care is available cheaply for all but the most serious of problems.

Pharmacies and medical treatment

Most standard drugs are available in pharmacies (farmácias), which you’ll find everywhere – no prescriptions are necessary. A pharmacy will also give injections (unless you’ve already had one, you’ll need a tetanus jab if you get bitten by a dog) and free medical advice, and they’re a good first line of defence if you fall ill.

If you are unlucky enough to need medical treatment in Brazil, forget about the public hospitals – as a foreigner, you have virtually no chance of getting a bed unless you have an infectious disease, and the level of health care offered by most is appalling. You can get good medical and dental care privately: North Americans will think it fairly inexpensive, Europeans used to state-subsidized health care will not. A doctor’s visit will cost on average US$40–75; drugs are relatively cheap. Hotels in big cities will have lists of English-speaking doctors; ask for a médico. Outside the larger centres, you will probably have to try out your Portuguese. Any Brazilian doctor will also understand – although not necessarily speak – Spanish.

Food and water

Many diseases are directly or indirectly related to impure water and contaminated food, and care should be taken in choosing what to eat and drink.

You should, of course, take particular care with seafood, especially shellfish – don’t eat anything that’s at all suspicious. Fruit and salad ingredients should be washed in bottled or purified water or, preferably, peeled. Ultimately, you are going to run some risks with food, so if you’re going to enjoy your stay to the full, you can’t be too paranoid.

Even in the most remote towns and villages mineral water (água mineral), either sparkling (com gás) or still (sem gás), is easily available and cheap. To avoid dehydration be sure to drink plenty of non-alcoholic liquids, always carry a bottle of water on long trips, and check that the seal on any bottled water you use is intact.

As with food, it’s difficult to be on guard all the time whilst drinking; fruit juices are often diluted with water, and ice is rarely made with filtered water outside a smart hotel. It is not realistic to restrict all water intake to mineral water, but if you are sensible you can at least minimize risk.

Chagas’ disease

A serious disease you should guard against is Chagas’ disease, which is endemic in parts of the Northeast and the Amazon. Although it is difficult to catch, it can lead to serious heart and kidney problems that appear up to twenty years after infection. The disease is carried in the faeces of beetles that live in the cracks of adobe walls, so if sleeping in an adobe hut, make sure nothing can crawl into your hammock; either use a mosquito net or sling the hammock as far from walls as you can. The beetle bites and then defecates next to the spot: scratching of the bite will rub in the infected faeces, so before scratching a bite that you know wasn’t caused by a mosquito, bathe it in alcohol. If you are infected, you will have a fever for a few days that will then clear up as if nothing untoward happened. Though the disease can be treated in its early stages, it becomes incurable once established. If you travel through a Chagas area and get an undiagnosed fever, have a blood test as soon as possible afterwards.

Dengue fever

Dengue fever, a viral disease transmitted by mosquito bites, is increasingly common in all Brazilian cities save the extreme south of the country. Rio has been particularly badly affected in recent years, as the spectacular incompetence of its city government has allowed the mosquito problem to get out of hand. It is highly seasonal, peaking in the southern hemisphere summer (Dec–April). The symptoms are debilitating rather than dangerous: light but persistent fever, tiredness, muscle and joint pains, especially in the fingers, and nausea and vomiting. It is easily treatable, but you will feel pretty grim for a week or so. It is much more widespread than any other disease in urban areas, and is currently the focus of much educational and preventive work by the Brazilian government. The same precautions against mosquito bites outlined in the section on malaria above apply here. The difference is that the dengue mosquito comes out during the day rather than at night. Be cautious in urban environments around anything that could act as a water retainer and thus as a mosquito breeding ground: drainage channels, old oil drums and tyres, abandoned lots, swampy areas in general.

There is one dangerous form of dengue, hemorraghic dengue, which kills hundreds of people a year in Brazil. Tourists tend not to get it, since you almost always need to have had a previous attack of dengue to be vulnerable to it. It is particularly dangerous to children. The body’s immune system is provoked to attack itself by the dengue virus, resulting in internal bleeding that can quickly get out of hand. If dengue-like symptoms are accompanied by bleeding from the nose and ears or highly bloodshot eyes, get yourself to a private hospital fast. Even if you are unlucky enough to get it, in the vast majority of cases getting timely treatment will mean a few days in hospital is all that’s needed for complete recovery. You will feel very weak and should take things easy for a couple of weeks after you leave hospital, however.

Diarrhoea, dysentery and giardia

Diarrhoea is something everybody gets at some stage, and there’s little to be done except drink a lot (but not alcohol) and bide your time. You should also replace salts either by taking oral rehydration salts or by mixing a teaspoon of salt and eight of sugar in a litre of purified water. You can minimize the risk by being sensible about what you eat, and by not drinking tap water anywhere. This isn’t difficult, given the extreme cheapness and universal availability of soft drinks and água mineral, while Brazilians are great believers in herbal teas, which often help alleviate cramps.

If your diarrhoea contains blood or mucus, the cause may be dysentery or giardia. With a fever, it could well be caused by bacillic dysentery and may clear up without treatment. If you’re sure you need it, a course of antibiotics such as tetracyclin or ampicillin (travel with a supply if you are going off the beaten track for a while) should sort you out, but they also destroy “gut flora” that help protect you. Similar symptoms without fever indicate amoebic dysentery, which is much more serious, and can damage your gut if untreated. The usual cure is a course of metronidazole (Flagyl), an antibiotic that may itself make you feel ill, and should not be taken with alcohol. Similar symptoms, plus rotten-egg belches and farts, indicate giardia, for which the treatment is again metronidazole. If you suspect you have any of these, seek medical help, and only start on the metronidazole (750mg three times daily for a week for adults) if there is definitely blood in your diarrhoea and it is impossible to see a doctor.

Hepatitis A

Wherever you go, protection against hepatitis A is a sensible precaution. The disease is transmitted through contaminated water and food, resulting in fever and diarrhoea, and it can also cause liver damage. Gammaglobulin injections, one before you go and boosters every six months, are the standard protection. If you plan to spend much time in Amazônia or the Northeast, or if you know that you will be travelling rough, it’s well worth protecting yourself. If you have had jaundice, you may well have immunity and should have a blood test to see if you need the injections. A newer vaccine – Havrix – is very effective and lasts for up to ten years.

HIV and AIDS

Brazil has a relatively high number of people with AIDS and HIV. There are many reasons for this: a scandalous lack of screening of either blood donors or supplies in the 1980s; the level of gay sex between Brazilian men, among whom bisexuality is common; the popularity of anal sex, not least among heterosexual couples; and the sharing of needles among drug users in large cities. But Brazil has been a world leader in dealing with the epidemic. It faced down international drug companies in the late 1990s with the threat that they would independently manufacture AIDS drugs – with the result that all HIV-positive Brazilians now receive free anti-retroviral medicines in a programme that has become a global model for developing countries. Brazil also has some of the funniest and most imaginative safe-sex campaigns anywhere, particularly in evidence during Carnaval.

A straightforward understanding of the disease and how it is transmitted is the best defence. Firstly, HIV is not evenly distributed throughout Brazil. A majority of HIV carriers are concentrated in the big cities. As anywhere else, sex with a prostitute is a high-risk activity. The situation with blood and blood products has now improved enormously, but in remoter parts of the country, especially the Amazon, make sure that if you have an injection it is with a needle you see being removed from its packaging. Finally, use a condom. Only a tiny minority of sexually active Brazilian men carry them as a matter of course. They are widely available in pharmacies, where you should ask for a camisinha.

Malaria is endemic in northern Brazil, and anyone intending to travel in Amazônia should take precautions very seriously. You are safe if you are only visiting cities and towns, where intensive campaigns keep malarial mosquitoes at a distance, and if your visit will be restricted to Manaus, Santarém and Belém you can forego prophylaxis. Mosquitoes are also not a problem on river journeys, since the breezes keep them off, and they are much less common in black-water river systems – such as the River Negro, where jungle lodges around Manaus are concentrated – where malaria is rare.

If you will be sleeping in a rural area anywhere else in the Amazon, however, it is a good idea to take precautions. In recent years, rates have climbed as mosquitoes have become more resistant to insecticides and drugs, and a few unwary tourists die avoidably every year. Southern Pará state and much of rural Rondônia state are the riskiest areas for malaria. However, with simple precautions you can minimize the chances of getting it even in highly malarial areas, and, properly treated, a dose of malaria should be no worse than a severe bout of flu. But make no mistake – unless you follow the precautions outlined here, and take malaria prophylaxis when appropriate, malaria can kill.

There are two kinds of malaria in Brazil: falciparum, which is more serious but less common, and vivax. Both are transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes, which are most active at sunrise and for an hour or so before sunset. Even in very malarial areas, only around five percent of anopheles are infected with malarial parasites, so the more you minimize mosquito bites, the less likely you are to catch it. Use insect repellent: the most commonly used in Brazil is Autan, often in combination with Johnson’s Baby Oil to minimize skin irritation. The most effective mosquito repellents – worth looking out for before you leave home – contain DEET (diethyl toluamide). DEET is strong stuff, so follow the manufacturers’ instructions, particularly with use on children. If you have sensitive skin, a natural alternative is citronella or, in the UK, Mosi-guard Natural, made from a blend of eucalyptus oils (though still use DEET on clothes and nets). Wear long-sleeved shirts and trousers, shoes and socks during the times of day when mosquitoes are most active. Sleep under a sheet and, crucially, use a mosquito net. Nets for hammocks (mosqueteiro para rede) are reasonable and easily available in Amazonian cities and towns. Mosquito coils also help keep the insects at bay.

When taking preventive tablets it’s important to keep a routine and cover the period before and after your trip with doses. Doctors can advise on which kind to take. As resistance to chloroquin-based drugs increases, mefloquin, which goes under the brand name of Lariam, has become the recommended prophylactic for most travellers to Brazil. This has very strong side effects, and its use is controversial.

Malaria has an incubation period of around two weeks. The first signs of malaria are remarkably similar to flu – muscle pains, weakness and pain in the joints, which will last for a day or two before the onset of malaria fever proper – and may take months to appear: if you suspect anything go to a hospital or clinic immediately. You need immediate treatment and a blood test to identify the strain. Malaria treatment is one public-health area where Brazil can take some credit. Dotted in malarial parts of the Amazon are small malaria control posts and clinics, run by the anti-malaria agency SUCAM – ask for the posto da SUCAM. They may not look like much, but the people who staff them are very experienced and know their local strains better than any city specialist. Treatment in a posto is free, and if you do catch malaria you should get yourself taken to one as quickly as possible; don’t shiver in your hammock and wait for it to pass. It often does, but it can also kill. If in a city and you get the same symptoms (a fever and the shakes), make sure you get a blood test right away; you’ll get your results in a few hours, and quick diagnosis is vital. Remember that the incubation period means that the symptoms may only appear after you return home – make sure to tell your doctor where you’ve been if you get a fever shortly after your return home.

Malaria is a much more serious issue for a child. We specifically recommend avoiding the state of Rondônia other than Porto Velho, rural Acre and Amapá and southern Pará if you are travelling with children.

Yellow fever

Getting a yellow fever vaccination, which offers protection for ten years, is recommended if you’re going to Amazônia, Goiás or Mato Grosso. This viral disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and can be fatal, but is extremely rare even in places where it is endemic. Symptoms include headache, fever, abdominal pain and vomiting, and though victims may appear to recover, without medical help they may suffer from bleeding, shock and kidney and liver failure. While you’re waiting for help, it is important to keep the fever as low as possible and prevent dehydration.

In the Amazon

Given the remoteness of many parts of the Amazon and the prevalence of insects and snakes, health care takes on a special significance. If you are trekking through forest or savanna, long trousers are a good idea, and it is vital to wear good boots that protect your ankles from snake bites, chiggers (mites) and scorpions. You should never trek alone.

Snakes are timid and, unless you’re unlucky, only attack if you step on them. Many of the most poisonous snakes are tiny, easily able to snuggle inside a shoe or a rucksack pocket. Always shake out your hammock and clothes, keep rucksack pockets tightly closed and take special care when it rains, as snakes, scorpions and other nasty beasties quite sensibly head for shelter in huts. If you do get bitten by a snake, try to kill it for identification – but only if this can easily be done. Use a shoelace or a torn piece of shirt wound round the limb with a stick as a tourniquet, which you should repeatedly tighten for twenty seconds and then release for a minute, to slow down the action of the poison. Contrary to popular belief, cutting yourself and sucking out blood will do you more harm than good. It goes without saying that you should get yourself to a doctor as soon as possible. If you are well off the beaten track, health posts in the nearest town may have serum, but you must know the type of snake involved.

Due to the humidity, any cut or wound gets infected very easily. Always clean cuts or bites with alcohol or purified water before dressing. As a general rule, leave all insects alone and never handle them. Even the smallest ants, caterpillars and bees can give you nasty stings and bites, and scorpions, large soldier ants and some species of bee will give you a fever for a day or two as well.

As in the US, Brazil has a regional press rather than a national one. Even the top Rio and São Paulo papers are a little parochial; elsewhere, newspapers are at best mediocre but are always valuable for listings of local events. Brazil also boasts a lurid but entertaining yellow press, specializing in gruesome murders, political scandals and football.

Newspapers and magazines

The top newspapers are the slightly left-of-centre Folha de São Paulo and the Rio-based, right-of-centre O Globo, usually available, a day late, in large cities throughout the country. Both are independent and have extensive international news, cultural coverage and entertainment listings, but are respectable rather than exciting. Even stodgier but reasonable is the right-wing Estado de São Paulo, while the Gazeta Mercantil and Valor Econômico are high-quality equivalents of the Financial Times or Wall Street Journal. The most enjoyable of the yellow press is Rio’s Última Hora, especially good for beginners in Portuguese, with a limited vocabulary and lots of pictures, but all major cities have similar local tabloids.

There are also two good weekly current-affairs magazines: Veja and Isto É. They are expensive, around US$5, since their readership is exclusively middle class. You will find Brazilian editions of most major fashion and women’s magazines. The weekly Placar is essential for anyone wanting to get to serious grips with Brazilian football. Vogue Brasil, edited in São Paulo and published by Condé Nast, is a quality magazine offering great insight into the style of the Brazilian elite, while Plástica is a glossy monthly magazine that sheds light on Brazil’s apparent obsession with plastic surgery.

Apart from in airports, Rio and São Paulo, where you can find the International Herald Tribune and the Economist, English-language newspapers and magazines are very difficult to find in Brazil. The exceptions are Time and Newsweek, which are widely available in newspaper kiosks in big cities, albeit often weeks old.

Radio is always worth listening to if only for the music. FM stations abound everywhere, and you should always be able to find a station that plays local music. Shortwave reception for the BBC World Service is good in Brazil.

Brazilian TV is ghastly, the worst you are ever likely to see, and therefore compulsive viewing even if you don’t understand a word of Portuguese. There are several national channels, of which the most dominant is TV Globo, the centrepiece of the Globo empire, Latin America’s largest media conglomerate. The empire was built up by Brazil’s answer to Rupert Murdoch, Roberto Marinho, who died in 2003. One of the most powerful men in Brazil, Marinho was very cosy with the military regime and prone to use his papers and TV channels as platforms for his ultra-conservative views. The other major national channels are Manchete, TV Bandeirantes, SBT and Record.

The channels are dominated by telenovelas, glossy soap operas that have massive audiences in the evenings. Football coverage is also worth paying attention to, a gabbling, incomprehensible stream of commentary, punctuated by remarkably elongated shouts of “Gooooool” whenever anyone scores – which is often, Brazilian defenses being what they are. However, there are a few genuine highlights, notably Jô Soares, the funniest and cleverest of Brazilian comedians, who hosts a very civilized late-night chat show on Globo every weekday.

Brazilian has the highest number of computers with internet access in South America and all things online are highly developed, with internet cafés on every corner, and much of what used to be tediously queued up for – banking, cinema-going, buying plane tickets – now done online as a matter of course.

Travelling with children is relatively easy in Brazil. They are made to feel welcome in hotels and restaurants in a way that’s not always so in Europe or North America. In fact, it is also more secure: even thieves and assaltantes seem to respect families with children and leave them alone.

Travelling around Brazil takes time, so try not to be too ambitious in terms of how much you aim to cover. Because of frequent scheduled stops and unscheduled delays it can take all day to fly from one part of the country to another. Long bus journeys are scheduled overnight and can be exhausting. Children pay full fare on buses if they take up a seat, ten percent on planes if under 2 years old, half-fare between 2 and 12, and full fare thereafter. Newer airports have a nursery (berçário) where you can change or nurse your baby and where an attendant will run your baby a bath, great on a hot day or if your plane’s delayed. If you plan on renting a car, bring your own child or baby seat as rental companies never supply them and they are very expensive in Brazil. Cars are fitted with three-point shoulder seatbelts in the front, but many only have lap seatbelts in the back.

In hotels, kids are generally free up to the age of 5, and rooms often include both a double and a single bed; a baby’s cot may be available, but don’t count on it. It’s rare that a room will sleep more than three, but larger hotels sometimes have rooms with an interlinking door. Hotels will sometimes offer discounts, especially if children share rooms and even beds with siblings or parents; the lower- to mid-range hotels are probably the most flexible in this regard. If you’re planning on staying more than a few days in a city, you may find it cheaper and more convenient to stay in an apartment-hotel, which will sleep several people and comes with basic cooking facilities. Baths are rare in Brazil, so get your kids used to showers before leaving home. Occasionally, a hotel will provide a plastic baby bath, but bring along a travel plug, as shower pans are often just about deep enough to create a bath.

Many of the mid- and upper-range hotels have TV lounges, TVs in rooms, swimming pools, gardens and even games rooms, which are often useful in entertaining kids. Most large towns also have cinemas, the best often being the new multiplexes found in shopping centres.

Food shouldn’t be a problem as, even if your kids aren’t adventurous eaters, familiar dishes are always available and there’s also the ubiquitous comida por kilo option. Portions tend to be huge, often sufficient for two large appetites, and it’s perfectly acceptable to request additional plates and cutlery. Most hotels and restaurants provide high chairs (cadeira alta) as well. Commercial baby food is sold in Brazilian supermarkets. Remember to avoid tap water and use only mineral water when preparing formula and washing out bottles. Mid-range hotels and upwards have a minibar (frigobar) in the rooms where you can store bottles and baby food, but where there isn’t one you will be able to store things in the hotel’s refrigerator. A small cooler box or insulated bag is a good idea and, while ice compartments of frigobars are useless, you can always place your freezer blocks in the hotel’s freezer (congelador).

In general, Brazilian infants don’t use disposable nappies/diapers (fraldas), due to the cost, around R$12 for twenty – very expensive for most Brazilians. As brands such as Pampers are sold in pharmacies and supermarkets, it’s worth only bringing a minimum with you until you can make it to a shop.

Health shouldn’t be a problem, but before planning your itinerary check which areas entail taking anti-malarial tablets (the state of Rondônia other than Porto Velho, rural Acre and Amapá and southern Pará is rife with malaria and should be avoided), and make enquiries as to whether the vaccines recommended or required in some parts of Brazil (in particular the Amazon) are likely to have any unpleasant side effects for babies or young children. For most of Brazil, the only likely problem will be the strength of the tropical sun and the viciousness of the mosquitoes: bring plenty of sunscreen (at least factor 20 for babies and factor 15 for young children) and an easy-to-apply non-toxic insect repellent.

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Is Brasilia Safe? Crime Rates & Safety Report

Brazil : Safety by City

• Belo Horizonte
• Florianopolis
• Porto Alegre
• Rio de Janeiro

Brasília, the capital of Brazil and the seat of government of the Distrito Federal, is a planned city.

The place is a masterpiece of modernist architecture, is listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, and attracts architecture aficionados worldwide.

Brasília is also an important transportation hub for travel within Brazil.

Travelers come here to see the modern architecture of the city.

The city is designed in the shape of a giant bird or airplane, with various separated zones assigned for specific functions such as housing, commerce, hospitals, and banking.

Visitors to the capital of Brazil can find entertainment on any of the “wings” of the city.

• Warnings & Dangers in Brasilia

OVERALL RISK: MEDIUM

In the afternoon, the city is safe enough, and you can even walk alone. In the dark, it is not recommended to walk around the city, especially with valuables and money. You should beware of drug dealers on the outskirts of the town and in the station area.

TRANSPORT & TAXIS RISK: MEDIUM

Be vigilant when using public transport, especially during rush-hour as petty crime is common. There have been incidents of hijacking and robbery of tour buses in recent years. Only use licensed taxis. Taxi apps are also a useful way to call a registered taxi.

PICKPOCKETS RISK: HIGH

The risk of picketing is high enough. Thieves wield very skillfully. You can be distracted, ask for help, or offer support - all this can be a trick to steal your wallet. Do not carry a lot of jewelry and cash with you; always look behind your pockets.

NATURAL DISASTERS RISK: LOW

The region is prone to droughts, floods, and landslides. However, in the capital of Brazil, this does not happen often. Examine the weather and the current situation for natural disasters before you travel here.

MUGGING RISK: HIGH

Armed robberies are a common occurrence in Brasilia. Do not walk the streets at night, move in groups, and use a taxi to get to your hotel if you return home late. It is recommended not to carry a lot of cash and valuables.

TERRORISM RISK: LOW

Even though in the history of Brasilia, there were no terrorist attacks, the proximity to Venezuela and its conflicts makes it possible to attack the capital of Brazil. Besides, like any capital, the city is especially attractive to terrorists. Be on the alert and avoid political demonstrations.

SCAMS RISK: MEDIUM

Scam with tourists is common and happens quite often here. Especially vigilant you should be during festivals and carnivals. Buy tickets for performances and shows only in licensed places. Otherwise, it can turn fake. In crowded areas, watch your pockets and wallet, especially carefully. Be watchful with those who offer you help or distract you with questions - at this time, another thief may empty your pockets.

WOMEN TRAVELERS RISK: MEDIUM

Women traveling alone in Brasilia can be safe in city streets in the daytime. But at night it strongly advised not to be alone. Avoid bars and outskirts' market places. It is also better not to get around by taxi or to hitchhike alone. Wear more modest clothing to avoid unwanted attention from men.

• So... How Safe Is Brasilia Really?

Brasilia is not a very safe city.

The index of crime is high, and it increased in the last years.

Most problems connect with mugging, car theft, and corruption.

The area near the central bus station is not safe for travelers, especially at night.

There is a lot of prostitution and drugs dealing in this place.

Travelers should be aware of kidnapping also – some times people can be attacked near or inside their car, robbing and getting away with the car, and sometimes driving with the owner to make them withdraw money from automatic cash machines or even committing other kinds of violence.

Particular care should be taken in the dark, do not stay on the streets alone, travel in groups.

Only park in well-guarded garages.

Be vigilant, and if you were attacked, give what you ask and then contact the police.

Avoid any relationship with drug dealers – drugs are illegal in Brazil.

Selling or transporting drugs for the use of others is considered trafficking, a grave crime, and will lead to severe consequences.

In general, in tourist places and during the daytime you will not meet much danger, using common sense can avoid all troubles.

If possible, do not carry valuables and a lot of cash.

• How Does Brasilia Compare?
• Useful Information

Visitors to Brazil must obtain a visa from one of the Brazilian diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa-exempt countries. Visas are not required for airport transit, from any nationality, as long as the traveler does not leave the international transit area. A valid passport is a must.

The Brazilian real is the official currency of Brazil since 1994. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. It has a sign: R$ and code: BRL. The Brazilian real is the nineteenth most traded currency in the world by value.

The best times to visit Brasilia for ideal weather are May to October. The average temperatures in Brasília vary little. Temperatures feel nice most of the year, excluding some hot weeks in the summer, with a fair chance of precipitation about half of the year.

Brasília–Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport is the only international airport serving Brasília. It is located in the administrative region of Lago Sul, in the Federal District, 11 km from the city center of Brasilia. Regular buses, numbers 102 and 102.1, are frequent and link the airport to the main bus terminal at Rodoviária, from where travelers can catch buses or the subway to other parts of the city. Taxis also serve the airport.

Travel Insurance

The travel insurance policy is a must when visiting a foreign country. Make sure you got it before starting your journey, the customs officer may ask for it.

Brasilia Weather Averages (Temperatures)

• Average High/Low Temperature

Brazil - Safety by City

• Where to Next?

7 Reviews on Brasilia

Not worth your money.

Only brazilians like this city, you need a car for basically everything, is extemeley hot, ugly concrete architecture and nothing to do.

Brasilia is not Brazil

That’s true! The city of Brasilia was designed by Oscar Niemeyer, an adept of communist architecture, in the 60s.

Capital of hope

Hello Mark! You definitely don’t know Brasilia. First, Brasilia is the safest big city in Brazil, after all here is the place of embassies and all federal government structures.

Police in this city works well. Nothing to do? Well, I don’t know where you did go, but did you visit the Catedral, Pontao do Lago Sul, or City Park?

Brasilia has a lot of shows, pubs, restaurants, clubs, malls, and places in the open air for to people enjoy it… So… the UNESCO doesn’t think architecture in Brasilia is ugly… I think you should contact them and ask why Brasilia is a heritage of humanity.

Did you drive to the Asa Sul to Asa Norte? Saw those builds? Honestly… but I assume that I agree with you with these two-point:

The weather in Brasilia is like Saara and need a car, but in some aspects, Brasilia is one the greenest city in Brazil and the car problem… well, we have cars services to drop the people at the place she/he wants. Some satellite cities, like Taguatinga, Guara, and Aguas Claras are very interesting to know. Hope you come again and enjoy the most potable water in Brazil and the most beautiful sky in the world.

Well done João Almeida

You all dont know the real worth of Brasilia its a wonderful place and all you brats dont deserve to visit, I have lived there all my life and it is a really safe city musch more safer than Rio de Janeiro.

Brasília is a great city for brazilian standards. There’s plenty of green spaces and organized and calm neighborhoods. It’s not very safe though specially in the “satellite cities”. There is a significant problem with homelessness and dangerous drug users and dealers that has gotten worse recently.

Very safe, but take precautions

I will speak of my experience staying primarily in Asa Sul, in a part very near to the city center. For any of you asking, the trip was in early 2022 Regarding safety, I had a great experience! I had absolutely no problems with such issues. Brasilia is clearly one of the safest, if not the safest, big city in Brazil.

However, the hotel employees made it a point to try to avoid going out past 10 pm. Unfortunately, similar to every large South American city, it is not safe to walk around outside at night.

Although I will say that I drove around with a native friend at night multiple times for probably close to three or four hours in total over the five days I was there. There were not any problems. Again, primarily in Asa Sul. Furthermore, I would not recommend going out to the Satellite Cities unless you go with a native from there, and even then, make sure to dress modestly and not show money, phone, etc.

With all this being said, do not let this website scare you. I have seen so many reviews that completely bewilder me, and safety ratings that I do not understand about so many cities. Brasilia is an extremely safe city for Brazil and South America. Just make sure to take the right precautions, as always.

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Article Contents

• Brasilia : Safety by City
• Overall Risk
• Transport & Taxis Risk
• Pickpockets Risk
• Natural Disasters Risk
• Mugging Risk
• Terrorism Risk
• Women Travelers Risk
• Weather Averages (Temperatures)
• User Reviews
• Share Your Experience

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Travel Insurance for a Trip to Brazil (2024)

with our partner, Faye

Alex Carver is a writer and researcher based in Charlotte, N.C. A contributor to major news websites such as Automoblog and USA Today, she’s written content in sectors such as insurance, warranties, shipping, real estate and more.

Tori Addison is an editor who has worked in the digital marketing industry for over five years. Her experience includes communications and marketing work in the nonprofit, governmental and academic sectors. A journalist by trade, she started her career covering politics and news in New York’s Hudson Valley. Her work included coverage of local and state budgets, federal financial regulations and health care legislation.

Here’s a breakdown of how we reviewed and rated the best travel insurance companies

Every year, millions of tourists travel to Brazil to explore the country’s jungles, plateaus and beaches. Travel insurance for Brazil can help protect you against financial loss in the event of trip cancellations, delays or other interruptions. It can also reimburse emergency medical care costs if unexpected events occur during your vacation.

The best travel insurance companies offer comprehensive policies that cover nonrefundable travel expenses like plane tickets, medical care, rental car damage, baggage or credit card theft, and more. As you plan your trip to Brazil, consider the following factors, travel requirements and costs when shopping for a travel insurance policy.

Compare Brazil Travel Insurance Companies

Use the table below to compare costs and coverages of the top-rated travel insurance plans for a trip to Brazil.

Do I Need Travel Insurance for Brazil?

Travel insurance is not required for U.S. citizens to enter Brazil. But whether you want to photograph Christ the Redeemer or surf at Recife Beach, travel insurance can help you recoup financial losses in case unforeseen circumstances occur.

The U.S. State Department lists Brazil at a Level 2 risk : visitors are advised to exercise increased caution due to crime. Crime can occur in rural areas like the outer favelas (slums) and bigger cities like Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Many travel insurance plans include theft protection or allow you to purchase additional coverage for your valuables.

When planning a trip to South America, insect-borne diseases are also a concern. Yellow fever, dengue, Zika virus and malaria are some of the most common diseases in Brazil . The U.S. government doesn’t provide health insurance for citizens traveling in Brazil, and private health coverage may not extend abroad. The State Department recommends all travelers purchase travel insurance to protect themselves from paying expensive medical costs in the event of an emergency.

Brazil is well-known for extreme weather patterns, with flash floods and landslides during the country’s wet season. Travel insurance can reimburse you for prepaid and nonrefundable expenses if unpredictable natural disasters result in trip cancellation or interruptions.

What Kind of Travel Insurance Should You Get for Brazil?

There are several types of travel insurance coverage that may come in handy for a trip to Brazil.

Cancel for Any Reason Coverage

Cancel for any reason (CFAR) coverage offers more flexibility in canceling your trip under a travel insurance policy. Reimbursement with standard trip cancellation insurance is limited to a predetermined set of reasons that are usually beyond your control. For example, standard insurance may only cover cancellation due to major events like a death in the family, whereas CFAR coverage includes reasons as simple as changing your plans.

Although CFAR insurance offers more flexibility, it will increase your premium and does not guarantee complete coverage. However, it could be ideal if you may have to cancel your vacation for unconventional reasons. You must follow certain rules to qualify for coverage, including:

• You must cancel your trip within a certain timeframe, like up to 48 hours before your departure date.
• You purchase CFAR coverage within a provider’s specified time frame, typically within a few weeks of booking your trip.

Gear Theft Protection

Brazil has some of the highest crime rates in the world , with pickpocketing and robberies among the most common occurrences. Whether you’re visiting Rio de Janeiro, Salvador or Porto Alegre, gear theft protection can help protect your belongings.

Here are some items that travel insurance typically covers against theft or damage:

• A laptop, tablet or mobile phone
• Professional camera and equipment
• Sporting equipment (like hiking sticks or a surfboard)

It’s important to note that travel insurance includes sub-limits and may not cover the full value of your items. Be sure to review your policy disclosure statement to ensure you have adequate protection against financial loss. If your valuables exceed your coverage limitations, consider leaving some items at home.

Medical Emergency Insurance and Emergency Medical Evacuation

Medical emergencies can take place anywhere, whether you’re traveling to the capital city or the Amazon Rainforest. If an injury, illness or accident occurs, you’ll have to head to a hospital or medical clinic for treatment.

In Brazilian public hospitals, foreigners are entitled to emergency medical treatment. Private hospitals will only accept you if you have health insurance or immediate funds to cover treatment.

If your health insurance does not extend abroad, you can secure coverage with travel insurance for medical emergencies . Most policies also include medical evacuation and repatriation coverage to cover the cost of flying you back home if you can’t receive the treatment you need in Brazil.

In Brazil, the tropical heat can negatively affect some visitors. Be sure to declare any pre-existing medical conditions such as asthma or high blood pressure when booking your medical insurance.

Rental Car Protection

The U.S. Travel Advisory discourages the use of public transport in Brazil due to a higher risk of robbery and assault. Brazil does not require you to purchase insurance if you rent a car. While most rental car companies may offer you optional insurance, you can also secure rental car protection through a travel insurance policy.

Travel insurance with rental car protection may cover the following:

• Collision damage waiver
• Theft protection
• Third-party liability
• Personal accident insurance

If you rent a car in Brazil, be sure to keep valuables on you at all times or out of sight due to high crime rates and car theft.

Trip Cancellation Insurance

Due to the cost of international travel to South America, trip cancellation insurance provides peace of mind knowing there won’t be a complete loss of your trip costs. If unforeseen circumstances happen, trip cancellation insurance can reimburse your financial losses. Trip cancellation insurance can reimburse nonrefundable, prepaid expenses if you have to cancel your trip due to the following:

• Death of a traveling companion or family member
• Diagnosis of a serious medical disease, illness or injury
• Natural disasters or extreme weather conditions
• Domestic or international acts of terrorism

Your insurance policy will list coverage exclusions, such as pre-existing medical conditions, non-emergency appointments, scheduling conflicts or falling out with your travel partners. But you can opt for more flexibility by choosing CFAR coverage. Be sure to read any disclaimers and pay attention to the details in your insurance quote when booking.

How Much Does Brazil Travel Insurance Cost?

Various factors affect the total cost of travel insurance, including your destination, coverage preferences and trip details. Whether you’re searching for a single-trip plan or annual multi-trip coverage, you’ll be required to submit the following information to obtain a quote:

• Destination country
• Your home location
• Age group and number of travelers
• Trip length
• Total trip price

We requested quotes from ten travel insurance companies for their most affordable plan for a trip to Brazil. The below quotes are for a 30-year-old traveler from Florida, traveling to Brazil for ten days in September 2024, with a total trip cost of $4,000. Policies include coverage for cancellations, interruptions, delays, medical care and evacuation.

These quotes were collected in April 2024 for a trip in September 2024.

Each of the above plans includes the following coverage:

• Trip cancellation
• Trip interruption (such as travel delays )
• Emergency medical care
• Medical evacuation
• COVID-19 -related medical costs and cancellation

If you are on a budget, there are multiple cheap travel insurance options to consider.

How Do I Get Travel Insurance for Brazil?

Before you buy travel insurance for Brazil, there are a few factors to keep in mind. Your credit card company may provide some travel insurance coverage, including rental car coverage. Also, check to see if your health insurance covers medical emergencies outside the U.S.

We recommend requesting quotes from at least three travel insurance providers for your trip to Brazil. When shopping for international travel insurance, consider the total cost of your trip, the valuables you plan to bring and potential emergency medical expenses. Review each policy’s wording and exclusions to ensure it provides adequate coverage. Consider add-ons like car protection or CFAR insurance if necessary. And keep in mind that full reimbursement isn’t always guaranteed.

Brazil Safety Tips

As with other South American countries like Colombia and Venezuela, there is a high level of crime in Brazil. Tourists should practice caution when in major cities and outer neighborhoods.

Crime and Safety

The U.K. government states that violent crimes like armed robbery, carjacking, gang activity and assaults are common in Brazil, both at night and during the day. Public transport is considered unsafe, with high risks of robbery and assault after the hours of 4 p.m.

Theft is also common on the beaches, where large groups of thieves known as ‘‘arrastões’’ are known to run through and grab possessions. Be aware of pickpockets in the areas around Copacabana Beach, Ipanema Beach and Santa Teresa.

To protect your belongings, avoid carrying the following items when out in public:

• Wearing expensive jewelry or watches
• Large sums of cash
• Your passport

Also, be aware when using your camera and mobile phone on the streets. Be discreet if necessary. You can better avoid dangerous situations by researching travel tips on the area you’re staying in and by looking at reviews online.

Day Trips, Tours and Excursions

Brazil offers exciting activities, from the contemporary infrastructure in Brasilia to the samba performances at Rio de Janeiro Carnival. Always look for a registered tour guide when booking a day trip or excursion. You can also seek professional transportation services to travel between areas of Brazil if you do not want to rent a car.

According to the State Department , visitors arriving on international flights are required to provide one of the following:

• A printed or electronic vaccination passport written in Portuguese, English or Spanish
• Negative RT-PCR or antigen test

Check the country’s COVID-19 requirements before departure for any updates or changes.

Is Travel Insurance for a Vacation to Brazil Worth It?

If you’re deciding whether travel insurance is worth it for Brazil, take some time to consider all the factors. Travel insurance may be worth it depending on your total trip cost, where you’re staying and your planned activities.

Travel insurance can offer peace of mind if unforeseen events occur on your Brazil vacation. Brazil is prone to natural disasters due to the country’s extreme wet season. Travel insurance can help you recoup financial losses due to trip cancellations, delays or interruptions if severe weather impacts your vacation.

Most trip insurance also includes medical coverage if you are unexpectedly hurt or get sick while exploring Brazil. And considering the country’s reputation for crime, travel insurance can protect your belongings in the event of theft or damage.

Frequently Asked Questions About Travel Insurance for Brazil

Can i claim flight compensation for a trip to brazil.

Most U.S. airlines will only compensate for flight cancellations due to overbooking or if the airline is at fault. You can purchase travel insurance for additional protection against financial loss in the event of a canceled flight.

Does Brazil require travel insurance?

Travel insurance is not mandatory to visit Brazil. But the U.S. Department of Health recommends travelers opt for insurance, especially given the country’s natural disasters and high crime rates.

Does travel insurance cover COVID-19?

If you or your travel companion contract COVID-19 in Brazil, your travel insurance provider may offer coverage. Be sure to check the details in your policy for coverage specifics. You can also purchase a policy that includes COVID-19 coverage .

Does Brazil extend health insurance to visitors?

Brazil’s public health system, Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), covers all citizens and permanent residents. However, the country’s free and universal health care system does not extend to tourists. You will have to pay for medical costs out of pocket unless you have private health insurance or travel medical coverage.

If you have feedback or questions about this article, please email the MarketWatch Guides team at editors@marketwatchguides. com .

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The compensation may impact how, where and in what order products appear, but it does not influence the recommendations the editorial team provides. Not all companies, products, or offers were reviewed.

• Nebraska Medicine
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Oropouche Virus Outbreak Hits Europe as First Deaths Confirmed in Brazil

• Published Aug 14, 2024

Science Alert Health officials have issued a  warning to travellers  after  19 cases  of the insect-borne illness Oropouche  virus  were confirmed for the first time ever in Europe. Those who had tested positive for the virus had recently returned from holiday in Cuba and Brazil. Parts of South America and Cuba are currently in the midst of an ongoing outbreak of Oropouche virus, with cases many times higher than normal. The  first ever deaths  from Oropouche virus were also confirmed recently in Brazil, adding to concerns about the current outbreak.

Oropouche virus is an arthropod-borne virus – meaning it’s transmitted to humans if they’re bitten by infected midges or mosquitoes. It’s the  most prevalent  arthropod-borne viral disease in south America – after dengue virus.

The virus was  first discovered in 1955  in a forest worker who had contracted it working near the Oropouche river in Trinidad and Tobago. The  first large outbreak  was reported in the 1960s in Belém, Brazil, where 11,000 cases were recorded.

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Families of Brazilian plane crash victims gather in Sao Paulo as French experts join investigation

S AO PAULO (AP) — More than 40 families of victims of an airliner crash in Brazil gathered Sunday at a morgue and hotels in Sao Paulo as three French government investigators arrived in the country. Forensics experts worked to identify the remains of the 62 people killed.

Sao Paulo state government said the two engines of the plane were removed from the crash site Sunday evening, more than two days after the accident. The rest of the wreckage had already been removed.

The remains of all 34 male and 28 female victims were recovered on Saturday.

The ATR 72 twin-engine turboprop operated by Brazilian airline Voepass was headed for Guarulhos international airport in Sao Paulo with 58 passengers and four crew members aboard when it went down Friday in Vinhedo, 78 kilometers (49 miles) north of the city. Voepass said that three passengers who held Brazilian identification also carried Venezuelan documents and one had Portuguese identity.

ATR is a French-Italian company. International aviation protocols recommend that investigators from the country of origin of the airplane maker follow inquiries on foreign soil whenever a crash involving one of those planes takes place. Local authorities said that the three French investigators in Brazil work at BEA, the European country's body for civil aviation security.

The bodies of the pilot, Danilo Santos Romano, and his co-pilot, Humberto de Campos Alencar e Silva, were the first to be identified. Another 10 have been identified since, local authorities said. One body is already set for burial, and another seven are expected to follow on Sunday, Sao Paulo's state government said.

The airliner said in a statement to The Associated Press that Romano had just finished his first full year as commander. He was hired by the Brazilian company in November 2022 as a co-pilot. His experience with Voepass included 5,202 flying hours, all in planes of the ATR model, the only one the company owns.

At least eight physicians were aboard, Paraná state Gov. Ratinho Júnior said. Four professors at Unioeste university in western Paraná were also confirmed dead.

Liz Ibba dos Santos, a 3-year-old girl who was traveling with her father, was the only child known to be on the passenger list. The remains of Luna, a dog that was traveling with a Venezuelan family, were also found in the wreckage.

Sao Paulo’s morgue began receiving the bodies Friday evening, and it asked victims’ relatives to bring in medical, X-ray and dental records to help identify the bodies. Blood tests were also done to help identification efforts.

The few family members speaking about the tragedy did so on social media.

Tânia Azevedo, who lost her son Tiago in the crash, was put up in one of the hotels in Sao Paulo, but said that she was waiting to go to the morgue.

“I believe Tiago is somewhere trying to help the other people wounded who also need light and love,” she said. “I couldn't go there (to the morgue). I am here waiting. It is dark here, I need some light and love myself.”

Images recorded by witnesses showed the aircraft in a flat spin and plunging vertically before smashing to the ground inside a gated community, leaving an obliterated fuselage consumed by fire. Residents said that there were no injuries on the ground.

It was the world's deadliest airline crash since January 2023, when 72 people died on a Yeti Airlines plane in Nepal that stalled and crashed while making its landing approach. That plane also was an ATR 72, and the final report blamed pilot error.

Metsul, one of Brazil's most respected meteorological companies, said Friday that there were reports of severe icing in Sao Paulo state around the time of the crash. Local media cited experts pointing to icing as a potential cause for the crash.

A video shared on social media channels Saturday shows a Voepass pilot telling passengers on a flight from Guarulhos to the city of Cascavel that the ATR 72 has flown safely around the world for decades. He also asked passengers to be respectful to the memory of his colleagues and the company, and asked for prayers.

“This tragedy doesn't hit only those who perished in this accident. It hits all of us," the unidentified pilot said. "We are giving all our hearts, all our best to be here and fulfill our mission to take you safely and comfortably to your destination.”

Police restricted access to the main entrance of the Sao Paulo morgue where bodies from the crash were being identified. Some family members of the victims arrived on foot, others came in minivans. None spoke to journalists, and authorities requested that they not be filmed as they came.

A flight carrying more family members from Paraná state landed Saturday afternoon at Guarulhos airport. A minivan sponsored by the airline was provided to transport them to the morgue.

Sao Paulo's state government said that 26 families have already gone to the morgue for identification efforts, with more expected on Sunday.

An American Eagle ATR 72-200 crashed on Oct. 31, 1994, and the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board determined the probable cause was ice buildup while the plane was circling in a holding pattern. The plane rolled at about 8,000 feet (2,500 meters) and dove into the ground, killing all 68 people on board. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration issued operating procedures for ATRs and similar planes telling pilots not to use the autopilot in icing conditions.

Brazilian aviation expert Lito Sousa cautioned that meteorological conditions alone might not be enough to explain why the Voepass plane fell in the manner it did on Friday.

“Analyzing an air crash just with images can lead to wrong conclusions about the causes,” Sousa told the AP by phone. “But we can see a plane with loss of support, no horizontal speed. In this flat spin condition, there’s no way to reclaim control of the plane.”

Asked whether the 62 people aboard would have lost consciousness during the steep fall of the plane, Sousa said “it is possible, but not likely.”

Brazil’s air force said Sunday that both of the plane’s flight recorders had been analyzed at its laboratory in the capital, Brasilia, and their content has been transcribed. The results of its investigations are expected to be published within 30 days, it said.

Marcelo Moura, director of operations for Voepass, told reporters Friday night that while there were forecasts for ice, they were within acceptable levels for the aircraft.

In an earlier statement, the Brazilian air force’s center for the investigation and prevention of air accidents said that the plane’s pilots didn't call for help or say they were operating under adverse weather conditions.

The ATR 72, which is built by a joint venture of Airbus in France and Italy’s Leonardo SpA. is generally used on shorter flights. Crashes involving various models of the ATR 72 have resulted in 470 deaths going back to the 1990s, according to a database of the Aviation Safety Network .

Earlier on Sunday, Pope Francis said during a public mass at the Vatican there should be prayers for the victims of the air crash.

Tatiana Pollastri reported from Vinhedo.

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Automotive, Travel, and Traffic Safety Information

Top Labor Day Travel Trends of 2024

Aaa booking data shows alaska cruises, european cities, and tourist attractions are most popular.

WASHINGTON, DC (Aug. 19, 2024) – This year’s record-breaking , blockbuster summer travel season comes to a close with many Americans exploring Alaska by cruise. According to AAA booking data, Seattle is the number one Labor Day weekend* destination, up nearly 30% from last year when it also topped the list. Anchorage and Juneau are also on the top ten list of Labor Day destinations.  

“This is the time of year to go on an Alaska cruise,” said Paula Twidale, Senior Vice President of AAA Travel. “There are fewer crowds compared to earlier in the summer, and if you’re lucky, you might even catch a glimpse of fall colors! It’s no surprise Alaska cruises are sold out this Labor Day weekend.”  

AAA travel experts say if you’re interested in going on an Alaska cruise next summer, the time to book is now to lock in the best rate and ensure you get the type of cabin you want.   

According to AAA booking data, o verall domestic travel over Labor Day weekend is up 9% compared to last year , while the cost to travel domestically is down 2%. Other top Labor Day destinations include Orlando, New York, Boston, Las Vegas, Denver, Chicago, and San Francisco. For many families, Labor Day is the last hurrah before school begins. To make the most of those trips, AAA recommends identifying must-see sights and creating a flexible itinerary ahead of time. “ Trip Canvas is a great free resource for travelers in the planning phase,” Twidale said. “You can find free things to do in Denver or the best museums in New York City .”  

Travelers taking road trips should expect to pay less for gas compared to last year. The national average over Labor Day weekend in 2023 was $3.81. In recent weeks, gas prices have remained steady, hovering around $3.50. Despite the popularity of summer road trips, overall gas demand is down as daily driving habits have changed post-pandemic, preventing pump prices from spiking. Hurricanes hitting the Gulf and affecting regional refineries could cause gas prices to go up as the peak of the season approaches in September. For drivers taking road trips in their electric vehicles, AAA now offers information on the cost of Level 2 commercial EV charging and updates that data weekly .   

International travel over Labor Day weekend is down 4% compared to last year, per AAA booking numbers , while the cost to travel internationally is up 11%. Most of those travelers are heading to Europe. Eight out of the top ten international destinations booked through AAA are European cities. Travelers renting a car abroad should consider getting an International Driving Permit (IDP), which translates their driver’s license information into 10 languages. Some countries – including Italy and Spain – require it. AAA is the only entity in the U.S. authorized by the State Department to issue an IDP.   

  Top Labor Day Destinations  

  Best and Worst Times to Travel by Car over Labor Day Weekend   

INRIX , a provider of transportation data and insights, says car travelers should avoid the afternoon and early evening hours of Thursday and Friday, as those times will be the most congested. Drivers should hit the road in the morning unless they’re leaving on Saturday when the best time to travel by car is in the afternoon. Travelers returning on Sunday and on Labor Day should leave as early as possible to avoid heavy traffic in the afternoon.    

“Drivers should expect the most severe traffic jams before the holiday weekend as commuters mix with travelers,” said Bob Pishue, transportation analyst at INRIX. “Monitoring traffic apps, local news stations, and 511 traveler information services may help drivers navigate around congestion and reduce driver frustration this Labor Day.”  

Source: INRIX  

*Labor Day Weekend   

AAA looked at booking data for Thursday, August 29 through Monday, September 2, and compared those numbers with booking data for that same five-day period in 2023.   

About AAA   

Started in 1902 by automotive enthusiasts who wanted to chart a path for better roads in America and advocate for safe mobility, AAA has transformed into one of North America’s largest membership organizations. Today, AAA delivers exceptional roadside assistance, helps travelers plan their dream vacations and adventures, offers exclusive member discounts and benefits, and provides trusted financial and insurance services – all to enhance the life journey of our 64+ million members across North America, including over 57 million in the United States. To learn more about all AAA offers or become a member, visit AAA.com.  

  About INRIX  

Founded in 2004, INRIX pioneered intelligent mobility solutions by transforming big data from connected devices and vehicles into mobility insights. This revolutionary approach enabled INRIX to become one of the leading providers of data and analytics into how people move. By empowering cities, businesses, and people with valuable insights, INRIX is helping to make the world smarter, safer, and greener. With partners and solutions spanning across the entire mobility ecosystem, INRIX is uniquely positioned at the intersection of technology and transportation – whether it’s keeping road users safe, improving traffic signal timing to reduce delay and greenhouse gasses, optimizing last mile delivery, or helping uncover market insights. Learn more at INRIX.com.   

Families of Brazilian plane crash victims gather in São Paulo as experts work to identify the dead

SAO PAULO — Families of victims of an airliner crash in Brazil are gathering Sunday at a morgue and hotels in Sao Paulo as forensics experts work to identify the remains of the 62 people killed in the accident.

Local authorities said the bodies of the pilot, Danilo Santos Romano, and his co-pilot, Humberto de Campos Alencar e Silva, were the first to be identified. Brazilian media said another four people were identified at the Sao Paulo morgue, which did not confirm the information.

Sao Paulo state government said in a statement Sunday morning that the searches ended at 10:45 p.m. on Saturday, 33 hours after the crash, with the remains of all 34 males and 28 females among the victims recovered. It added that the wreckage remains at the site so investigators can continue their work.

The ATR 72 twin-engine turboprop operated by Brazilian airline Voepass was headed for Guarulhos international airport in Sao Paulo with 58 passengers and four crew members aboard when it went down Friday in Vinhedo , 49 miles north of the metropolis. Voepass said three passengers who held Brazilian identification also carried Venezuelan documents and one had Portuguese.

At least eight physicians were aboard, Paraná state Gov. Ratinho Júnior said. Four professors at Unioeste university in western Paraná were also confirmed dead.

Three-year-old Liz Ibba dos Santos, who was traveling with her father, was the only child known to be on the passenger list. The remains of Luna, a dog that was traveling with a Venezuelan family, was also found in the wreckage.

Sao Paulo’s morgue began receiving the bodies Friday evening, and it asked victims’ relatives to bring in medical, X-ray and dental records to help identify the bodies. Blood tests were also done to help identification efforts.

The few family members speaking about the tragedy did so on social media.

Tânia Azevedo, who lost her son Tiago in the crash, was put up in one of the hotels in Sao Paulo, but said in a posting that she was waiting to go to the morgue.

“I believe Tiago is somewhere trying to help the other people wounded who also need light and love,” she said. “I couldn’t go there (to the morgue). I am here waiting. It is dark here, I need some light and love myself.”

Images recorded by witnesses  showed the aircraft in a flat spin and plunging vertically before smashing to the ground inside a gated community, leaving an obliterated fuselage consumed by fire. Residents said there were no injuries on the ground.

It was the world’s deadliest airline crash since January 2023, when 72 people died on a Yeti Airlines plane in Nepal that stalled and crashed while making its landing approach. That plane also was an ATR 72, and the final report blamed pilot error.

Metsul, one of Brazil’s most respected meteorological companies, said Friday there were reports of severe icing in Sao Paulo state around the time of the crash. Local media cited experts pointing to icing as a potential cause for the accident.

A video shared on social media channels Saturday shows a Voepass pilot telling passengers on a flight from Guarulhos to the city of Cascavel that the ATR 72 has flown safely around the world for decades. He also asked passengers to be respectful to the memory of his colleagues and the company and asked for prayers.

“This tragedy doesn’t hit only those who perished in this accident. It hits all of us,” the unidentified pilot said. “We are giving all our hearts, all our best to be here and fulfill our mission to take you safely and comfortably to your destination.”

Police restricted access to the main entrance of the Sao Paulo morgue where bodies from the crash were being identified. Some family members of the victims arrived on foot, others came in minivans. None spoke to journalists, and authorities requested that they not be filmed as they came.

A flight carrying more family members from Paraná state landed Saturday afternoon at Guarulhos airport. A minivan sponsored by the airline was provided to transport them to the morgue.

Sao Paulo state government said 26 families have already attended the morgue for identification efforts, with more expected on Sunday.

An American Eagle ATR 72-200 crashed on Oct. 31, 1994, and the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board determined the probable cause was ice buildup while the plane was circling in a holding pattern. The plane rolled at about 8,000 feet and dove into the ground, killing all 68 people on board. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration issued operating procedures for ATRs and similar planes telling pilots not to use the autopilot in icing conditions.

Brazilian aviation expert Lito Sousa cautioned that meteorological conditions alone might not be enough to explain why the Voepass plane fell in the manner it did Friday.

“Analyzing an air crash just with images can lead to wrong conclusions about the causes,” Sousa told The Associated Press by phone. “But we can see a plane with loss of support, no horizontal speed. In this flat spin condition, there’s no way to reclaim control of the plane.”

Brazil’s air force said Saturday that both of the plane’s flight recorders had been sent to its analysis laboratory in the capital, Brasilia. The results of its investigations are expected to be published within 30 days, it said.

Marcelo Moura, director of operations for Voepass, told reporters Friday night that while there were forecasts for ice, they were within acceptable levels for the aircraft.

In an earlier statement, the Brazilian air force’s center for the investigation and prevention of air accidents said the plane’s pilots did not call for help or say they were operating under adverse weather conditions.

The ATR 72, which is built by a joint venture of Airbus in France and Italy’s Leonardo SpA. is generally used on shorter flights. Crashes involving various models of the ATR 72 have resulted in 470 deaths going back to the 1990s, according to a  database of the Aviation Safety Network .

The Associated Press