trip hazards on sidewalks

How to Fix Trip Hazard on Sidewalks

Did you know that according to the Americans with Disabilities Act, all public sidewalks are required to be accessible and free of trip hazards? If you’ve ever stumbled on a raised sidewalk seam or broken paving stone, you know firsthand just how important it is for these hazards to be fixed. In this blog post, we’ll teach you how to fix trip hazard on sidewalks. Stay safe out there!

Owning a business can be hectic and unpredictable. One moment you may be enjoying a surge in sales, and the next you could be dealing with a pesky problem that is costing you money. If your business is located on a busy street with a lot of foot traffic, one of those problems could be trip hazards on the sidewalk. Luckily, there are ways to fix this issue without breaking the bank. Here are three tips to get you started.

Summary: How to Fix Trip Hazard on Sidewalks: There are a few things you can do to fix trip hazard on sidewalks. First, be aware of where people are walking and make sure you’re not crossing their path. Second, make sure there are no obstructions or obstacles in the way. Third, be aware of your surroundings and keep an eye out for potential trip hazards. Finally, stay alert and walk with caution.

What Can Problems Be Caused by Trip Hazards on Sidewalks?

There are many potential problems that can be caused by trip hazards on sidewalks. Such as:

1. Injuries to Pedestrians

Trip hazards can cause injuries to pedestrians if they trip and fall. This can result in broken bones, sprains, strains, cuts, and other serious injuries. It also can cause long-term issues such as chronic pain, reduced mobility, and depression.

2. Increased Insurance Claims

If trip hazards on sidewalks are not properly addressed, they can lead to an increase in insurance claims from pedestrians who have been injured by these hazards. This can result in higher premiums for business owners and property managers, which may ultimately end up costing them a lot of money.

3. Liability Issues

If trip hazards on sidewalks are not addressed in a timely and appropriate manner, they can lead to liability issues for business owners and property managers. For example, if someone is injured due to an unaddressed trip hazard and decides to take legal action against the owner/manager, they may be held responsible for their medical expenses and other damages.

4. Damaged Property

Trip hazards can damage property by causing vehicles to collide with buildings or other objects. They can also lead to water damage from flooding when sidewalks are not properly maintained. Also, make sure to mention the problems caused by trip hazards in terms of safety and finances, as these are two of the main reasons why they should be addressed promptly and efficiently.

9 Ways About How to Fix Trip Hazard on Sidewalks

1. check the surface of the sidewalk.

Surface irregularities such as cracks or potholes can be a major cause of trip hazards. If you notice these types of issues with your sidewalk, it’s important to address them as soon as possible in order to prevent someone from potentially tripping and falling.

2. Mark the Trip Hazard

Marking any trip hazards that are present on your sidewalk can help to alert others to the problem, making it easier for them to avoid tripping. You can do this using physical markers like plastic cones or brightly colored tape, or you can use more advanced techniques like painting a bright line on the sidewalk near the hazard.

3. Fill in Any Cracks and Potholes

Filling in any cracks or potholes that are present on your sidewalk is a great way to reduce trip hazards and prevent trips and falls. You can use materials like asphalt, concrete, or even gravel to patch these areas up effectively.

4. Maintain Proper Grades on Your Sidewalk

If your sidewalk has incorrect grades, it can become more susceptible to trip hazards, especially during times of heavy rain or snow. To avoid this problem, you should regularly check the grades on your sidewalk and make any necessary adjustments as needed.

5. Remove Any Loose Debris

Loose debris like leaves and sticks can also be a major cause of trip hazards on sidewalks. To prevent this, make sure to remove any debris that has accumulated on your sidewalk as soon as possible.

6. Fix Any Damaged Slabs or Pavers

Damaged slabs and pavers can also contribute to trip hazards on sidewalks. If you notice cracks or other damage in these areas, it’s important to address them quickly so that people can safely walk on your sidewalk.

7. Utilize Safety Measures Like Warning Signs and Barriers

In some cases, trip hazards on sidewalks can be especially dangerous, especially if they are near busy roads or other high-traffic areas. In these situations, it may be helpful to install safety measures like warning signs or barricades to alert people to the problem and discourage them from walking near it.

8. Enlist Professional Help If Necessary

If you find that your sidewalk is riddled with trip hazards and are having a difficult time addressing them on your own, it may be a good idea to enlist professional help. There are many companies that specialize in fixing concrete walkways and other surfaces, so you can work with them to ensure that your sidewalk is safe for everyone.

9. Talk to Your Neighbors About How They Can Help

If any of the trip hazards on your sidewalk are due to problems in nearby sidewalks or driveways, it may be helpful to talk to your neighbors about how they can help. This could include things like clearing leaves and sticks from the sidewalk or moving their cars so that they don’t block access to your property.

Tips to Prevent Trip Hazards From Occurring in the Future

1. pay attention to potential trip hazards.

When walking in public areas such as sidewalks, it is important to be aware of any potential trip hazards that could cause you to fall or stumble. This includes cracks, uneven surfaces, and potholes in the concrete or asphalt.

2. Report Trip Hazards Immediately

If you encounter a trip hazard on a sidewalk, it is important to report it right away to the appropriate authorities. This could be your local city or town government, property managers, or maintenance workers in charge of sidewalk upkeep. By reporting trip hazards promptly, you are helping to prevent others from suffering a fall and injury due to these obstacles.

3. Use Caution While Walking Around Trip Hazards

Even if you have reported a trip hazard and it has been fixed, it is important to remain cautious when walking near or around it. Take your time as you approach the area, and be sure to avoid getting distracted by looking at your phone or listening to music while walking.

By taking these precautions, you can help ensure your safety when navigating public areas and help prevent others from falling due to trip hazards in the future.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a trip hazard on sidewalks.

A trip hazard on sidewalks refers to an object or obstruction that poses a risk of falling or tripping for pedestrians. This can include things like cracks, uneven pavement, holes, and other obstacles in the sidewalk surface.

How Can Trip Hazards on Sidewalks Be Addressed?

There are a few different approaches that can be taken to address trip hazards on sidewalks. One option is to fill in the cracks and other surface imperfections with concrete or another durable material, which will help prevent trips and falls. Another approach is to remove any obstacles from the sidewalk surface, such as tree roots or obstacles that have been placed on the sidewalk by people. In some cases, it may also be necessary to repave or resurface the entire sidewalk to eliminate trip hazards and create a smooth, even surface for pedestrians.

What Are Some Best Practices When It Comes to Addressing Trip Hazards on Sidewalks?

One of the most important things to consider when addressing trip hazards on sidewalks is ensuring that any repairs or other changes are done in a timely and effective manner. This means identifying and repairing problems quickly and also maintaining these fixes over time to prevent future issues.

Most trip and fall accidents happen right in front of the victim’s home. These tips on how to fix trip hazard on sidewalks can help keep your family safe and avoid a lawsuit. By following the steps above, you can fix trip hazards on your sidewalk and make it safe for everyone. With a little time and effort, you can easily avoid accidents and keep your sidewalk in good condition. 

Do you have any other tips for fixing trip hazards? Share them with us in the comments below! If you have any questions about fixing trip hazards, please contact us for more information. We’re here to help!

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Sidewalk & Walkway Trip Hazards Expert Article

Trips and falls occur when unanticipated variations in walking surfaces interrupt the motions of a pedestrian’s foot. Studies of pedestrian falls have identified that small changes in elevation are particularly dangerous because of the low probability that pedestrians will reliably detect them.

In this article, architect and premises safety expert, Thomas Lodge discusses hazards associated with abrupt changes in walkways such as interior floors and walkway surfaces such as sidewalks and short flight stairs.

Sidewalk & Walkway Trip Hazards

Harvey Cohen and Jake Pauls, in their article “Warnings and Markings for Stairways and Pedestrian Terrain,” have identified that trips are caused by unexpected impediments in a level walking surface and unexpected change in level, and describes:

“Trips and resultant stumbles most often occur during the swing phase of the stride, when the forward motion of the foot is halted unexpectedly. This can be a brief impediment that usually causes a slight, recoverable stumble (where the foot quickly manages to come free), or a longer impediment, where the toe or heel actually becomes caught and a more serious fall results. In both cases, the fall and stumble are almost always forward in motion, and can result in injuries to the hands, elbows, shoulders, head, or knees.” 1

Perception and Visibility of Walkway Trip Hazards

Visual cues in the architecture, site planning, and design of interior and exterior spaces facilitate safe use and enjoyment of the premises by its users. Lack of clarity in visual cues, or any defect in their interpretation or comprehension of the environment, can reduce a person’s ability to understand or to safely navigate the environment; and may cause a hazard to become a dangerous condition. A hazard is a physical condition that may cause harm. A condition becomes dangerous with the likelihood or probability of the hazard being encountered in a manner to cause harm.

When a pedestrian encounters an unexpected obstacle or impediment and does not perceive it in their route of travel, trips and falls occur. An obstacle is unexpected if it is unmarked or provides no other visual cue to alert the pedestrian. The visual field of a walking person is moving and dynamically changing, with only a small part of that field being attended to. Obstacles that fall outside of this small field of view are not perceived unless they are conspicuous and unobstructed. If impediments were marked or expected, the pedestrian likely would perceive the existence of the impediment and take appropriate action to either avoid or safely traverse the condition.

Pedestrians typically scan ahead in the direction of their travel, not directly down in front of their feet. Low elements in the path of travel are not readily identified and are frequent causes of falls resulting in injury. Pedestrians are not likely to see and avoid inconspicuous walkway and sidewalk hazards at or near ground level. If the first identification of a hazard comes when there is an interruption of the gait and loss of balance, a trip and fall may result. Abrupt vertical edges as low as 3/8” have been identified as walkway hazards, and are the cause of falls.

Changes in Walkway Elevation

Walking is easiest and safest on stable, planar, flush, and non-slippery surfaces. Conditions that increase the difficulty of negotiating changes in level while walking, can lead to falls and serious injuries. Floors, patios, sidewalks, parking lots, and pathways are all walking surfaces that must be constructed and maintained without tripping hazards. Standards for safe walkways require that walk surfaces be designed, constructed, and maintained to be safe and free from hazards.

Some examples of sidewalks distresses/deficiencies requiring correction are:

• Heaved slabs, step separation, and paver irregularities. A vertical displacement at any point on the walkway could cause pedestrians to trip.
• Spalled areas and cracked concrete. Fragments of concrete or asphalt separated from the surrounding paving and holes and rough spots could cause pedestrians to trip.
• Settled areas that trap water. Sidewalk segments with depressions, reverse cross slopes, or other indentations may create depressions that trap silt and water on the sidewalk and may reduce the slip resistance of the walking or create tripping hazards.
• Tree root damage. Roots from trees growing in adjacent landscaping that cause the walkway surface to buckle and crack could cause pedestrians to trip.

Hazards of Short Flight Stairs and Single Step Transitions

Single-riser stairs should be avoided where possible. In situations where a short flight stair or single step transition exists or cannot be avoided, obvious visual cues shall be provided to facilitate improved step identification. Handrails, delineated nosing edges, tactile cues, warning signs, contrast in surface colors, and accent lighting are examples of some appropriate warning cues.

Conspicuity of Walkway Hazards

Since pedestrians will assume that walkways do not have hazards, property owners must either eliminate hazards, guard hazards from being encountered by unsuspecting pedestrians, or apply visual cues or other such warnings that make hazards reasonably conspicuous so that their existence may be identified before they are encountered in a manner to cause harm.

Nationally recognized standards for providing safe facilities address visual performance and identify that conspicuity (or the likelihood of a person to identify a potential walkway hazard) is a function of size, contrast, and brightness. The relationship between these critical variables will determine whether a person will reliably identify or recognize an object.

Abrupt changes in walkway elevation that contrast poorly with the surrounding walkway material make it likely to blend in visually with the surrounding environment. An abrupt change in walkway elevation’s ability to be readily identified as a hazard may be improved by applying adequate warnings such as delineated nosing edges, tactile cues, warning signs, or contrast in surface colors. Such warnings may assist pedestrians to identify a dangerous condition that could cause a fall and injury; however, such cues or warnings are not a substitute nor do they negate the need for safe design or construction.

Walkway and Sidewalk Maintenance

For property owners, the standard of care for walkways and sidewalks includes maintaining safe premises and ensuring the protection of pedestrian health, safety, and welfare. The property owner is responsible for ensuring that reasonable periodic inspections are conducted to identify hazards, and correcting those hazards in a prompt manner. When dangerous conditions exist, reasonable efforts should be made to remove them or prevent them from being encountered in a manner that could cause harm.

For nearly 30 years, ASTM F1637 - Standard Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces has been a nationally published and recognized consensus standard that provides minimum maintenance requirements for safe walkways, including exterior walkways and sidewalks. It requires:

• Exterior walkways shall be maintained so as to provide safe walking conditions.
• Exterior walkway conditions that may be considered substandard and in need of repair include conditions in which the pavement is broken, depressed, raised, undermined, slippery, uneven, or cracked to the extent that pieces may be readily removed.
• Exterior walkways shall be repaired or replaced where there is an abrupt variation in elevation between surfaces.

Readily available resources from organizations such as the Building Owners and Managers’ Association (BOMA) and the National Safety Council (NSC) offer property-owners further information and guidance on inspecting and maintaining safe pedestrian walkways.

If a hazardous impediment in a level walking surface is located in a premises’ means of egress, the condition may also be subject to local building and fire codes. Building and fire codes require that floors, walkways, and applicable sidewalks and parking lots in a means of egress be reasonably and continuously maintained free from obstructions or impediments to full instant use in the case of fire or other emergency.

Sidewalk Expert Witness Investigations

The Premises Safety experts at Robson Forensic are frequently retained to investigate cases involving slips, trips, and falls as they relate to floors and walkway surfaces, sidewalks, short flight stairs, gratings, wheel stops, and speed bumps, and other architectural features. Our experts are well versed in the standards relevant to pedestrian safety as well as industry standards governing retail, residential, and commercial premises.

For more information, submit an inquiry or contact the author of this article.

1. Handbook of Warnings , Edited by Michael S. Wogalter, 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (Mahwah, NJ), p. 712 ↩

Featured Expert

Thomas J. Lodge, AIA, NCARB

Architecture, construction & premises safety expert, short flight stairs: standards and safety, by mark e. williams.

This article addresses some of the relevant standards and safety features used to improve the safety of short flight stairs and single step transitions. Short Flight Stairs & Single Step…

What is a Safe Floor?

By robson forensic.

This article discusses various aspects of flooring relevant to premises liability disputes, including the influence of flooring selection, installation, and maintenance on slip, trip, and fall…

Walking Your Property to Prevent Falls

Falls are the most common and costly accident type for many commercial businesses. In the following article, published in the April 2011 Newsletter for HospitalityLawyer.com, the Premises Safety group…

Common Surface Preparation Question: How do I remove trip hazards from concrete sidewalks?

A trip hazard is when two concrete sidewalk slabs come to together and one has risen or lowered creating unevenness someone could trip over. This is common occurrence caused by different reasons including tree root growth, ground compaction issues, and weather.  Local government, building owners and property managers are constantly dealing with this safety issue

There are two ways to fix sidewalk trip hazards:

1.  Completely dig out the peaked slabs and add new concrete.

The entire effected area is removed to bare ground, surface is leveled and new concrete slabs are poured. This removal usually includes the two peaked slabs and the surrounding slabs.

• Eliminates the hazard
• Allow workers to fix problems under the concrete
• New concrete is poured
• Time Consuming
• Shuts down sidewalk until concrete cures

2. Use a Scarifier to level the slabs without removal.

Just the trip hazard is removed using a Scarifier like the EDCO CPM-8 . The effected slabs are kept and are left with a textured, non-slip surface. The ground underneath is not serviced, but most times ground service is unnecessary.

• Quick, Long lasting fix
• Cost Effective
• Easy clean up. Dust control is an option with scarifier.

 Cons:

• Workers cannot fix problems under the concrete
• Leaves a surface someone may find unappealing

Learn more about our scarifiers and how to operate them by checking out our FREE EDCOed Scarifier Track

• How Contractors Can Add Trip Hazard Repair to Their Service Offerings
• How to Increase Profitability with an EDCO Diamond Drum

Paving & Concrete contractor serving the greater Sacramento and Northern CA area

(916) 719-6910

• Get ADA Certified
• Testimonials
• Service Area
• More Services
• Client Portal

How to Fix a Sidewalk Trip Hazard: Tips from the Pros in Sacramento and Northern CA

Sidewalk trip hazards are a common issue in urban and suburban areas, posing risks to pedestrians and potential legal liabilities for property owners. Understanding how to fix a sidewalk trip hazard is crucial for maintaining safe and accessible walkways. In this comprehensive guide, we will provide expert tips on identifying and repairing these hazards, ensuring a safe and smooth pedestrian experience.

What is a Trip Hazard on the Sidewalk?

A trip hazard on the side walk refers to any uneven sidewalk or protruding concrete surface that can cause pedestrians to trip and fall. Common causes include cracks, displaced concrete slabs, and tree roots pushing up the pavement. These  are not only pose safety risks but can also lead to costly legal claims if someone gets injured.

The Importance of Addressing Sidewalk Trip Hazards Promptly

Safety concerns.

This can cause serious injuries, including fractures, sprains, and head injuries. Ensuring that side walks are even and free of obstacles is crucial for public safety.

Legal and Financial Implications

Property owners are often liable for accidents caused by sidewalk trip. Promptly addressing these issues can prevent legal claims and costly repairs.

How to Fix a Sidewalk Trip Hazard: Effective Methods

Temporary solutions: quick fixes to minimize immediate dangers, warning signs and barriers.

One of the quickest ways to address a sidewalk trip hazard is to place warning signs and barriers around the affected area. This alerts pedestrians to the danger and helps prevent accidents while you plan a permanent fix.

Temporary Fillers and Patches

For a short-term solution, you can use fillers and patches to level the uneven surface. Products like concrete patching compound can be applied to fill cracks and smooth out minor displacements. While this is not a long-term fix, it can temporarily eliminate hazards.

Permanent Fixes: Long-term Solutions for a Safer Sidewalk

Concrete lifting and leveling.

Concrete lifting , also known as slabjacking or mudjacking, is an effective method for fixing uneven side walks. This process involves injecting a grout mixture beneath the sunken section of the side walk to move up and make it even. This not only addresses the immediate sidewalk trip but also ensures a stable and durable repair.

Replacement of Damaged Sections

In cases where the side walk is extensively damaged, replacing the affected sections may be necessary. This involves removing the damaged concrete and pouring new concrete repair to create a smooth and level surface. Although more labor-intensive and costly, this method provides a long-lasting solution to sidewalk trip hazards.

Professional Repair Services

Hiring professional repair services can ensure that the job is done correctly and safely. Experts like those at Sidewalk Safety, Inc. have the experience and tools to handle various types of side walk repairs, from lifting and leveling to complete replacement. Contact Sidewalk Safety, Inc. at (916) 633-2265 for professional assistance.

How to Prevent Sidewalk Trip Hazards

Regular inspections.

Conduct regular inspections of your side walks to identify potential hazards early. Look for signs of breaks, uneven surfaces, and damage caused by tree roots.

Prompt Repairs of Minor Issues

Address minor issues promptly to prevent them from becoming major ones. Small breaks and displacements can often be fixed with DIY solutions before they worsen.

Tree Maintenance and Root Control

Trees are a common cause of sidewalk trip hazards. Regularly maintain trees and control their root growth to prevent damage to the pavement. Root barriers can be installed to redirect roots away from sidewalks.

Community Awareness and Involvement

Encourage community members to report sidewalk hazards and work together to maintain safe walkways. Public awareness campaigns can help ensure that everyone is vigilant about sidewalk safety.

Discover Our Reliable Services Today

Addressing sidewalk trip hazards is essential for ensuring public safety and avoiding legal liabilities. By following these expert tips on how to fix a sidewalk trip hazard, you can effectively fix and prevent trip hazards, creating a safer environment for pedestrians. For professional sidewalk repair services, contact Sidewalk Safety, Inc. at (916) 633-2265. Our experienced team is ready to help you eliminate sidewalk trip hazard repair and maintain safe, accessible walkways. Don’t wait for an accident to happen – take action today and ensure the safety of your community with our expert contractor.

Get a FREE QUOTE on your How to Fix a Sidewalk Trip Hazard: Tips from the Pros project today!

• Commercial Concrete Leveling
• Seawall & Bulkhead Repair
• Pond Leak Stabilization with Polyurethane
• Concrete Sidewalk Leveling
• Concrete Floor Leveling
• New Concrete
• Concrete Leveling
• Concrete Grinding
• Concrete Step Leveling
• Driveway Leveling
• Garage Floor Leveling
• Trip Hazard Repair
• Pool Deck Leveling
• Porch Repair
• Concrete Void Filler
• Floor Leveling
• Basement Waterproofing
• Manhole Rehabilitation
• Culvert Rehabilitation
• Bridge Transition Repair
• Before & After Gallery
• Video Gallery
• Service Areas
• Call 855-675-3835

Blog » Industry Insights

ADA Compliance Guidelines for Sidewalks

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has a set of  guidelines  to ensure that sidewalks are constructed to a set of standards that ensures accessibility for the disabled. If they’re not accessible, sidewalks are one of the most common areas that can pose great challenges and dangers to the blind, to anyone in a wheelchair, or to anyone using crutches if they’re not accessible. Follow these ADA compliance guidelines to ensure the safety of all pedestrians on your sidewalks.

ADA SIDEWALK REQUIREMENTS

Sidewalks and curb ramps need to be made in compliance with ADA standards. When roads are resurfaced or concrete cracks, it’s important to repair it right away. Here’s how to determine if your sidewalk is up to code.

SIDEWALK WIDTH

Sidewalk width requirements are especially important for wheelchair-bound individuals. For ADA compliance, the minimum sidewalk width is 36 inches (3 feet), though sidewalks can be wider.

If sidewalks are less than 60 inches (5 feet) wide, passing spaces must be constructed every 200 feet. These passing spaces (which could be a driveway or wider section of concrete) need to be at least 60 inches on all sides.

SIDEWALK SURFACE TEXTURE

The texture of your sidewalk is important to ensure that the disabled can safely walk on the sidewalk. The texture must be firm, stable, and slip-resistant, so there can’t be any cracks or uneven concrete slabs . Make sure your concrete finishing meets these requirements to reduce any trip hazards .

TRIP HAZARDS

The most common ADA trip hazards occur at broken or lifted sidewalks and driveways, usually at joints or cracks. The ADA defines a trip hazard as any vertical change over 1/4 inch or more at any joint or crack. Sidewalk trip hazards are huge legal liabilities, so it’s best to repair sidewalk cracks immediately.

SIDEWALK SLOPE

Slope requirements for sidewalks help ensure safe and easy passage for pedestrians. Sidewalk slopes need to be less than 1:20; otherwise, it’s considered a ramp, which has its own set of ADA guidelines.

Wherever a sidewalk crosses a curb like at street intersections, a curb ramp is required. These are particularly important for the blind when interacting with traffic. Curb ramps must have a slope of less than 1:12 and be at least 36 inches wide. Additionally, ramps need to have a detectable warning device with a raised dome surface and contrasting color.

IS YOUR SIDEWALK ADA COMPLIANT?

Has your road been resurfaced? Does your  concrete need leveling ? Any non-compliant sidewalks or curb ramps need to be upgraded to meet current ADA standards. Mr. Level has experience repairing and leveling concrete sidewalks and curb ramps to meet ADA compliance requirements. By using Mr. Level’s  polyurethane foam concrete leveling method  to eliminate trip hazards, homeowners and commercial businesses have reduced their legal liability, while using the most efficient and cost-effective method available.  Contact Mr. Level  for more information on concrete leveling or to get a free quote.

More Posts Like this

Benefits of a No-Excavation Concrete Leveling Solution

How to Find the Best Concrete Lifting Contractor

Leveling Sandstone Sidewalks

Lifting City Concrete with Polyurethane Foam

Getting a free quote from mr. level is easy.

35522 Center Ridge Rd Suite C North Ridgeville, OH 44039

175 South 3rd Street Suite 200 Columbus, OH 43215

4440 PGA Blvd. Suite 600 Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410

755 W. Big Beaver Road Suite 2020 Troy, MI 48084

Connect Via Text → https://mrlevel.h.trustco.ai/

Messaging T&Cs → https://mrlevel.h.trustco.ai/#termsArea

Messaging Privacy Policy → https://mrlevel.h.trustco.ai/#privacyArea/

• Open Facebook in a new tab
• Open Twitter in a new tab
• Open LinkedIn in a new tab

What You Need to Know About Sidewalk Trip Hazard

• Post author By admin
• Post date December 13, 2022
• Categories In ADA compliance , concrete repair , concrete repair near me , precision concrete cutting , sidewalk maintenance , sidewalk repair , sidewalk restoration , sidewalk safety , trip hazard removal , trip hazard repair , trip hazards , uneven sidewalk , uneven sidewalk panels
• No Comments on What You Need to Know About Sidewalk Trip Hazard

What constitutes a trip hazard on a sidewalk and who is responsible?

According to the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), trip hazards are defined as “a change in any vertical level over ¼ inch” and it is clearly defined through the ADA because people with disabilities can have serious consequences due to a standard sidewalk trip hazard . The most common of which are found on broken or lifted sidewalks and driveways and can create a substantial problem for anyone moving in or around the lifted surface. 

The majority of sidewalk accident liability in California rests with the local municipality and any property owner that neglects to maintain a safe environment that is free from hazards, like uneven sidewalks, can bear the responsibility of damages if someone gets injured on the property. 

Broken concrete surfaces can create a whole host of problems. While it is common for sidewalks to settle after a period of time, if an uneven surface is left unrepaired it can and will only get worse. 

Finding the right resource for repair can make all the difference in the world to a homeowner. As with any repair issue, partnering with an expertly trained technician is one of the most valuable relationships anyone can have. While outdoor issues can arise in an instant, the key component is to address the problem, have it reviewed and assessed by a professional and subsequently have it repaired with quality work that will last.  

Precision Concrete Cutting of Los Angeles is committed to providing the best trip hazard removal service possible, helping bring your sidewalks into compliance with the American’s with Disabilities Act (ADA) and increasing safety. Precision Concrete Cutting has removed trip hazards on uneven sidewalk panels for countless municipalities, school districts, homeowners associations, and property management groups. We are committed to saving our clients time and money! Trip hazard removal our specialty…it’s the only thing we do.

• Tags concrete cutting , concrete grinding , concrete slabs , precision concrete cutting , sidewalk repair , sidewalk repair los angeles , sidewalk restoration , trip hazard , trip hazard removal , uneven sidewalk

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

Notify me of new posts by email.

How to Level Concrete Sidewalk Trip Hazards

Thousands of people are injured each year due to concrete sidewalk trip hazards . Usually, injuries like these are termed as trip, slip and fall accidents.

The Americans with Disabilities Act defines trip hazards as vertical heights that are ¼ inch and above. To successfully clear up these hazards, you must first understand the possible factors that could lead to their development. From there, it will be easy to assemble the right tools and equipment for leveling sidewalk trip hazards.

Factors that Contribute to the Development of The trip hazards

• Buckling: These refer to large and uneven broken concrete slabs. In most cases, they develop from tree roots that push up from underneath the sidewalks.
• Snow and Ice: Snow and ice are quite common in arctic regions. It is always advisable to remove them to minimize the risks of trip, slip and fall accidents.
• Cracks: Cracks on the sidewalks are usually caused by changes in seasonal temperatures, the soil conditions or change in weather conditions. They may also be due to inferior materials that could have been used in repairing the sidewalks.
• Uneven Pavements: The common cause of uneven pavements on sidewalks is the separation of concrete or asphalt. This may be due to heavy traffic or tree roots heaving up some areas on the pavement.

Leveling Concrete Sidewalk Trip Hazards

The nature of the sidewalk trip hazard will determine the approach you take to repair it. If it were due to a sunken block, you'd need to raise it. 

If it were due to a raised region on the sidewalk, you'd need to remove the hazard to level the ground. Here are a few quick solutions for leveling the concrete sidewalk hazards.

Raising Sunken Sidewalk Blocks

You can raise sunken sidewalk blocks by using polyurethane foam injection, the mud jacking technique or just replacing the concrete. Replacing the concrete will be a viable option if it has deteriorated or it if it has cracked dramatically.

For this option, you'll basically pour a new concrete slab though the problem may reappear again if the soil underneath may not handle the weight of the slab.

For the mud jacking approach, you'll be lifting the concrete to level the sidewalk by pumping grout through the affected concrete area. You'll then push this grout from below to push the concrete up.

Finally, the polyurethane foam injection approach relies on expanding polyurethane foam for lifting the concrete slab. For this approach, you will inject the foam through a hole that's about ⅝-inch and allow the reaction between the two part-poly of the product to lift the slab.

hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(7667689, '1caa7391-d1db-42ca-b79c-8f80044f1608', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"});

Leveling raised concrete sidewalk.

If the sidewalk hazards are due to raised sections on the ground, you still have three options of leveling the affected regions. Here's a breakdown of the options that are available for you.

• Precision Concrete Cutting

Most contractors prefer precision concrete cutting because it leaves an aesthetically appealing ground. It is also much more efficient as compared to conventional methods of leveling raised concrete sidewalks. 

Of course, if your sidewalk contains concrete curbs you'll want to make sure you're using the correct tools and machinery for that aspect of the project as well.

For this approach, your focus will be on texturing the concrete to convert it to a non-slip surface. You'll basically be saw-cutting the trip hazards with patented equipment to ensure that they comply with the Americans with Disabilities Acts requirements.

• Using Concrete Grinders or Scarifiers

Your choice for the concrete grinders or scarifiers will be influenced by the type of concrete sidewalk you wish to level. If the trip hazard was due to bad pour or demolition activity on the surface, and the concrete is more than ⅛-inch, a scarifier would be a preferable option.

This is because it would clear the mess quickly than a grinder would do. If the trip hazard was due to thicker coating and you wish to polish the pavement after removing the trip hazard, the concrete grinding approach would be a preferable option.

Here are the differences between these two pieces of equipment

Concrete grinding machines are best suited for removing trip hazards at a depth of just about ⅛-inches. They use rotating cutting discs to remove the raised concrete sections.

Depending on your preference, you can choose to go with propane, gasoline or electric powered grinders. You can use both wet and dry grinders depending on the condition of the sidewalk you're leveling.

One primary advantage why you might want to use a grinder to level these trip hazards is that it assures you of a smoother finish as compared to when you use a scarifier. Instead of abrading the concrete surface, a grinder will polish it to leave behind a clean finish.

You may opt for a scarifier if you wish to level the concrete sidewalk faster, and the final texture of the ground isn't of significant concern. They're generally more aggressive hence leave rougher finishes when compared to the grinders. Scarifiers are available in varied options powered by gasoline, electricity or propane. 

They can also be used with vacuum attachments to help with dust and debris collection. Their aggressive nature makes them the ideal option for grooving sidewalks to ensure that slip-resistant and eliminate trip hazards that may be due to slipping.

Digging out and Removing the Raised Concrete Slabs and Adding New Concrete

This is a more labor intensive approach for leveling sidewalks to remove trip hazards. Usually, it involves removing the entire pavement so you remain with bare ground.

After exposing the bare ground, you'll level it and perform other prep activities to make it ready for the new slab. Once you're sure that the surface is prepared, pour the concrete slab and let the sidewalk to cure.

The primary advantage of this option is that it addresses other possible underneath conditions that could make the surface become a trip hazard. It also improves the physical appeal of the sidewalk.

Precautions when Leveling Concrete Sidewalk Trip Hazards

Your safety comes first and just like in any industrial activity, it is prudent that you keep an eye on your safety when you level these trip hazards. Here are a few tips to take note of:

• When using grinders, always monitor its speed. Its rotation speed must not be higher than the stated maximum RPM on its wheel.
• Ensure that you use the grinding wheel guard every time you use grinders.
• When using scarifiers and grinders, make sure that you've assembled all the parts and flanges correctly.
• Before beginning any work, be sure to test your grinders or scarifiers. As an added safety, make sure that you also observe regular maintenance and repair intervals of the machine.
• Protective clothing. You must not begin any job without your protective gear. From the helmets to goggles and ear protection, etc., ensure that all are in place before commencing work. Finally, ensure that all required personal protective tools and pieces of equipment are all in perfect conditions before you can use them.

Wrapping Up

The effectiveness of your preferred way of repairing concrete sidewalk trip hazards majorly depends on the type of tools or equipment that you use. If you don't know how to use or assemble a specific piece of equipment, for example the grinders, be sure to request a demo or contact the manufacturer for tips and guide on how to use the equipment.

Connect with us

Recent Posts

How to Seal and Dye Concrete

Choosing the Right Sealer for Your Concrete Floor

10 Steps to Prepare Garage Floor for Epoxy Coating

How to Find the Right Concrete Edger for Your Project?

How to Choose the Right Wood Floor Sander

WANT 10% OFF YOUR FIRST ORDER?

Providing your email address will keep you updated should we need to provide updates specific to your location.

Great news! We've found a location in that services your area. You can now close this screen. If you want to change your location at any time, use the same menu item to visit the location page.

We apologize for the inconvenience, but it seems we don't have a location in your area.  You can manually select a location by clicking View All Locations .

All fields are required.

or View All Locations

«  View All Posts

Uneven Sidewalk? Here Are 4 Ways To Fix It

November 20th, 2023 | 3 min. read

By Sarah Etler

Take a look at four options for leveling out trip hazards and uneven sidewalks.

Uneven sidewalks don’t just look bad – they’re a huge liability. And in many cities and municipalities, even the public sidewalks are the home or business owners’ responsibility to maintain.

Fortunately, there are several ways to go about fixing an uneven sidewalk. And after over 30 years in the concrete repair and maintenance industry here at A-1 Concrete Leveling, we’ve seen it all.

In this guide, we'll explore four methods for repairing uneven sidewalks, so you can ensure safe and even concrete for your guests and neighbors.

1. Grinding

Concrete grinding is a cost-effective solution for uneven sidewalks. By shaving down the lifted portion of the slabs and evening out the trip hazards, it’s safer to walk on. 

This method is better for minor unevenness, usually less than 1.5 inches in difference. It’s also best for areas where aesthetics aren't a primary concern, as the finished layer of the concrete gets ground down and usually leaves the slab looking patchy.

While concrete grinding is cost-effective and relatively easy to do, it does come with some risks that are worth taking into consideration, like:

• Slab becomes thinner and weaker
• More prone to cracking and freeze-thaw damage

2. Concrete Leveling

Concrete leveling is a great way to fix uneven sidewalks. It lifts the settled sidewalk slabs from the bottom up and the whole process is usually complete in a matter of hours .

To level concrete, expert technicians drill strategic holes in the affected slabs, then they pump a leveling compound into the voids under the sunken concrete. The pressure from this compound causes the slabs to rise.

But there are three different types of concrete leveling to be aware of when thinking about how to fix uneven sidewalks:

Stone Slurry Grout Leveling

Stone slurry grout concrete leveling works to lift settled slabs by filling the voids underneath with a mixture of pulverized agricultural limestone and water. The thickness of the mixture can be adjusted to better control the void filling and lifting process.

Polyjacking (Foam Concrete Leveling)

Polyjacking , also known as “foam concrete leveling,” utilizes expanding polyurethane foam injected beneath the sunken slabs. This foam expands to fill voids, lifting the concrete back to its original position.

Mudjacking is commonly used as an umbrella term to mean “concrete leveling” in general, but it’s actually just one way to go about lifting concrete. It’s done by injecting a mix of sand, soil, water, and occasionally cement underneath the slab.

3. Adding Extra Concrete

Adding extra concrete or patching compound to your sidewalk can be cost-effective and relatively quick to do.  There are many different YouTube videos and DIY tutorials out there, and you can likely tackle small trip hazards in a few hours.

The downside to this method is that it is usually temporary. It’s very hard for the new compound or concrete to completely bond with the existing slab, which means it will eventually chip and crack off with the natural expansion and contraction of the concrete.

4. Replacement

Concrete replacement is usually the most expensive and time-consuming fix for uneven sidewalks, but there are some cases where it makes sense:

• The slabs are incredibly cracked or crumbling 
• You want to change the shape or functionality (e.g. add a ramp)
• Tree roots are lifting the slabs too far out of place 

Concrete replacement also comes with risks beyond the high cost and time commitment. Bad batches of concrete, cracking, and torn-up lawns and landscaping are just a few of those risks.

Tips for Fixing Uneven Sidewalk Slabs

Following these tips can help make sure your sidewalk doesn’t become uneven again:

Use flexible concrete caulk for cracks

Sealing up cracks and joints with a flexible concrete caulk helps prevent water from flowing under the sidewalk and causing settling and damage due to freeze-thaw cycles.

Eliminate any sources of erosion 

Water flow from downspouts, leaky gutters, and poor drainage (and burrowing pests, too) can erode away the soil supporting your sidewalk, causing it to settle and become uneven.

Should You Have a Professional Fix Your Uneven Sidewalk?

Concrete grinding or adding extra concrete can be done as DIY projects in some cases, but in general, it’s better to leave replacement and leveling up to the professionals.

Although the leveling and replacement processes can be done on your own, they require a lot of skill and specialized tools to get right.

Here at A-1 Concrete Leveling, we specialize in stone slurry grout and foam concrete leveling, along with other concrete care services. If you’d like to learn how these services can help with your uneven sidewalk, click the link below for a free onsite cost estimate!

Click Here to Find Your Nearest Location and Receive a FREE Estimate

Sarah Etler

Sarah Etler joined A-1 Concrete Leveling after receiving her Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Northern Kentucky University. As A-1's Content Marketing Manager, she works closely with industry experts to produce content that will best answer questions related to concrete repair and maintenance practices. Sarah loves living a life full of discovery and is excited every day to see what new things she can learn and share with those around her.

Don't forget to share this post:

Related Articles

Should i repair, resurface, or replace my concrete driveway.

July 19th, 2024 | 3 min. read

Concrete Grinding: When Should You Grind Your Concrete?

May 30th, 2024 | 3 min. read

When to Replace Concrete vs. Repair It

May 23rd, 2024 | 4 min. read

Who Is Responsible for Sidewalk Repair?

December 7th, 2023 | 4 min. read

Concrete Driveway Repair Costs in 2024 (DIY and Professional)

October 17th, 2023 | 7 min. read

What to Expect After Your Concrete Leveling Repair

July 20th, 2023 | 3 min. read

The Benefits of Maintaining & Repairing Your Home’s Concrete

March 13th, 2023 | 4 min. read

Concrete Leveling for Realtors: What You Need to Know

December 12th, 2022 | 4 min. read

How to Repair Your Concrete

November 23rd, 2022 | 4 min. read

Concrete Contracting Services

July 30th, 2019 | 2 min. read

clock This article was published more than  3 years ago

Need to repair a trip hazard in your cracked concrete sidewalk? It’s easier than you think.

Do you have a wide, unsightly crack in your concrete sidewalk, driveway or patio? The concrete may have cracked all the way through the slab and now one piece is higher than the adjacent piece — possibly serving as a trip hazard.

Each Sunday, I walk up the handicap ramp at my church and shake my head where some handyman, contractor or well-meaning volunteer tried to repair a similar crack. They failed miserably, and quite a few of my fellow parishioners who are older are put at risk. The humped repair is crumbling, and it’s an accident waiting to happen.

Here’s the advice I’m going to give our pastor, and you can do the same thing at your home:

Let’s first discuss what to do if you have a crack and the concrete pieces are in the same plane with no vertical offset. This is the easiest of all repairs, and there’s a good chance you can do this repair yourself in an hour or less.

I would make this repair using time-tested concrete epoxy. Years ago, it was hard to put epoxy in a crack. You’d have to mix up the two thick components and then try to carefully get it into the crack without making a mess.

More Builder: How to get your building foundation just right

Now you can purchase an amazing gray concrete epoxy that’s in a normal caulking tube. A special mixing nozzle screws onto the end of the tube. As you squeeze the handle of your caulk gun, the two epoxy components are squirted into the nozzle. A special insert within the nozzle blends the two components so that by the time they travel about 6 inches down the nozzle they’re completely mixed. It couldn’t be easier!

I’ve used this epoxy with great success. I have a concrete epoxy repair video on AsktheBuilder.com showing how to use it and how the nozzle works. The epoxy cures to a medium gray color. If your concrete is older and you see the individual sand grains on the surface, you can disguise the epoxy by lightly tamping sand of the same size and color into the fresh epoxy goo. With a little practice, you can do an amazing job of disguising the crack.

It’s important to understand that the epoxy needs to get at least 1 inch down into the crack. To do this, you almost always need to widen the crack. I find a simple 4-inch grinder equipped with a dry diamond cutting wheel is the perfect tool. Wear goggles and a respirator so you don’t ingest the concrete dust.

Make the crack 3/8-inch wide and at least 1 inch deep for great results. For the best results, grind as deeply as you can. Two inches would be ideal if you can accomplish this. Brush out all loose material and remove all dust so the epoxy creates a tenacious bond to the two pieces of concrete.

If your concrete crack has produced an offset where one part of the slab is higher than the other, you need to chip away some of the concrete that’s raised up. Once again, the 4-inch grinder with the diamond blade is your friend. You might want to grind a line about 2 inches back from the crack so your finished repair is as smooth as possible. It won’t be in the same plane because of the offset, but you can absolutely get rid of the trip hazard.

The line you grind should be at least 3/4 inch deep. You may find it’s easier to create several parallel grind lines spaced about 1/2 inch apart marching toward the original crack. These multiple lines allow you to crack out the higher concrete with a hand chisel and 4-pound hammer. You can make fast work of this using a rotary hammer drill equipped with a chipping tip.

The goal is to create a shallow trench where you’ll place cement stucco to replace the concrete that was raised up. A trench as shallow as 1/2 inch will work, but 3/4 inch is better. Once again, remove all loose material and brush away all dust from the old concrete.

More Builder: Concrete-brick pavers can fade. Should I use clay pavers instead?

You’ll need to mix up some cement paint as well as the cement stucco mix. Cement paint is just a mixture of pure Portland cement and clean water. Mix it to the consistency of a thin gravy. Keep this paint out of the sun and only mix it just before you intend to use it.

The cement stucco needs to be mixed using coarse sand, Portland cement and hydrated lime, if you can get it. For a strong repair, mix 4 parts sand with 2 parts Portland cement. If you can get the lime, then mix 4 parts sand, 1.5 parts Portland cement and 0.5 part lime. You blend all of this together dry until the mix is the same uniform color. Then you add clean water and mix until it’s the consistency of applesauce.

The first step is to squirt some of the concrete epoxy down into the crack between the two slabs. If you have to widen the crack, use the grinder. Once you’ve squirted in the epoxy, immediately spritz the trench with a little bit of water. Get the concrete damp, not dripping wet. Paint on a thin coat of cement paint on the bottom and sides of the shallow trench. Immediately cover the cement paint with the cement stucco mix.

Within a few minutes, the stucco will harden enough that you can use a block of wood rotating in a circular motion to smooth the stucco. Once it hardens in about two hours, cover it with plastic for three days and keep the new stucco wet for the entire time.

Subscribe to Tim’s free newsletter and listen to his new podcast at AsktheBuilder.com .

Read more in Real Estate :

Beginners can lay a mosaic tile floor as a DIY project, just start off small

Concrete-brick pavers can fade. Should I use clay pavers instead?

How to avoid taking your contractor to court

• Video Vault
• (954) 514-7218

Shopping cart

Trip Hazard Compliance with the ADA

• July 13, 2020
• Posted by Joe Shopsin
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Sidewalk Repair , Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair

Sidewalk Trip Hazard compliance is important because Trip Hazards are a serious liability to property managers and owners. This is because The ADA- or Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law in 1990. The Act is a list of rules that were put in place to make sure that those who suffer from disabilities can still safely access public spaces with relative ease. Trip Hazards will eventually occur over time in even the most well-designed concrete side-walk or walkway. It is the responsibility of the property owner to maintain ADA compliance and address trip hazards to have them removed. this is done in order to avoid fines as a property owner, and to prevent injury to the disabled. Property Owners should be aware of the following Trip Hazard Compliance criteria:

• Width: In order to properly accommodate mobility equipment such as wheelchairs, a sidewalk has to be a minimum width of 3 feet – or 36 inches. It can be larger, and in fact, if it is less than 5 feet – or 60 inches- wide it will require additional passing spaces at least every 200 feet to allow pedestrians to safely move around each other. Sidewalk width requirements are especially important for wheelchair-bound individuals. For ADA compliance, the minimum sidewalk width is 36 inches (3 feet), though sidewalks can be wider.
• Texture: Sidewalk texture needs to be pro-friction and slip-resistant. There can be no cracks or uneven areas, which leads us to the next item.
•  No Trip Hazards  A sidewalk or walkway cannot have a sudden height differential of 1/4″ or more. Over time, the land underneath the sidewalks becomes uneven as well as other factors like damages, erosion, weather, etc. If this height difference exists, it has to be taken care of with a repair before an issue occurs resulting in injury and liability on part of the property owner.
• Slope: A sidewalk Cannot Have a slope ratio of greater than 1:20 at any point or it is considered a ramp- which has its own set of rules.
•  Curbs:  Curb Ramps are required to safely lead into any sidewalk from areas like intersections. The ramps must be at least 3 feet wide and have a slope less than 1:12.

Most of the items in this Trip Hazard compliance list can be met during the initial construction of the sidewalk or walkway. The one item that will require attention, inspection, and eventual service is Trip Hazards. This is because trip hazards generally occur over time due to wear on the existing construction. Florida Sidewalk Solutions provides the most cost-effective approach to the removal of trip hazards. Rather than remove damaged or raised sidewalk slabs, we cut, smooth, and even them out so they fall within the ADA compliance items listed above. This is substantially less expensive than a new installation. Why spend thousands on a new sidewalk, or worse, be liable for injury due to a trip hazard? Call Florida Sidewalk Solutions today for more information.

Call us:  954-514-7218 Related Media: Affordable Sidewalk Repair, Done Right Follow us on social media:  Facebook  |  Instagram  |  LinkedIn

Related Posts

Fix Sidewalk South Florida

• December 13, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Concrete Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Walkway Repair , Cutting Concrete Sidewalk , Fix Sidewalk South Florida , Fixing Concrete Walkway , Fixing Trip Hazards , Florida Sidewalk Solutions , Remove Sidewalk Trip Hazards

Residential Walkway Repair Company

• November 24, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Repair , Concrete Trip Hazard Repair , Residential Walkway Repair Company

Sidewalk Asset Management Company in Florida

• November 15, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Concrete Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Walkway Repair , Sidewalk Asset Management Company in Florida

Concrete Sidewalk Repair Company in Fort Myers

• October 25, 2023
• Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Repair Company in Fort Myers

Concrete Sidewalk Repair Company

• October 18, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Repair Near Me , Concrete Trip Hazard Repair

Best Sidewalk Repair Company Near Me

• October 11, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Best Sidewalk Repair Company Near Me , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Concrete Walkway Repair

Non-Invasive Sidewalk Repair

• October 5, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Repair , Concrete Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Walkway Repair , Cutting Concrete Sidewalk , Non-Invasive Sidewalk Repair

Sidewalk Hazard Removal Specialists

• September 26, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Sidewalk Hazard Removal Specialists

Uneven Concrete Sidewalk Repair

• September 19, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Uneven Concrete Sidewalk Repair

Sidewalk Repair Services in Davie

• September 12, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Repair , Concrete Trip Hazard Repair , Sidewalk Repair Services in Davie

Uneven Sidewalk Repair Specialists

• September 6, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Repair , Concrete Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Walkway Repair , Uneven Sidewalk Repair Specialists

Trip Hazard Repair in Fort Myers

• August 30, 2023
• ADA Compliant Sidewalks , ADA Trip Hazards , Cement Sidewalk Repair , Commercial Sidewalk Trip Hazard Repair , Commercial Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Cutting , Concrete Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Contractors , Concrete Sidewalk Crack Repair , Concrete Sidewalk Leveling , Concrete Sidewalk Repair , Concrete Trip Hazard Repair , Concrete Walkway Repair , Cutting Concrete Sidewalk , Fixing Concrete Walkway , Trip Hazard Repair in Fort Myers

• Insurance Journal
• Insurance Journal TV
• Academy of Insurance
• MyNewMarkets.com
• Carrier Management

Featured Stories

• Moody’s, Amwins Expect Continued Cyber Market Growth
• Microsoft, Cyber Firms Pursue Changes After CrowdStrike Outage
• U.S. Damage from Francine Could be $9B; $1.5B in Insured Losses

Sidewalk Defects Liability: In Most States, Size Matters

Insurance claim files are overflowing with losses involving individuals injured when they trip and fall over cracked, broken, or uneven municipal sidewalks. In many cases, the injury is a direct result of a municipality failing to institute and/or conscientiously follow its own policies regarding inspection, maintenance, and repair of miles of sidewalks. Understanding the potential liability of the municipality and how and when a subrogated insurance company can subrogate against it when such injuries occur is essential to any successful subrogation program. It is equally important for liability claims professionals to be able to know when to settle and when to draw a line in the sand. The reality is, however, that learning and applying the complexity of a wide variety of laws and ordinances across thousands of municipalities nationwide is easier said than done.

Whether a municipality can be held liable for sidewalk defects depends heavily on the state you are in, and in many cases, the specific city or municipality you are dealing with. Many cities have charters which provide limitations on notice requirements or establish benchmarks for liability resulting from cracked and uneven sidewalks. All government entities enjoy some level of immunity from being sued. For a chart detailing the specific laws of each state with regard to municipal, county, and local government immunity and tort liability, see HERE .

“Governmental immunity” concerns itself with the various legal doctrines or statutes that provide municipalities, local government entities, and political subdivisions immunity from tort-based claims, as well as exceptions from and limitations to that immunity. Generally, a state government is immune from tort suits by individuals under the doctrine of sovereign immunity. Local governments, municipalities (cities), counties, towns, and other political subdivisions of the state, however, are immune from tort suits by virtue of governmental immunity. This is because the state grants them immunity, usually in the state’s Constitution.

In the U.S., however, most government entities, including municipalities, waive their immunity in certain instances, such as the operation of motor vehicles or for “proprietary” functions as opposed to “governmental” functions. Most municipalities also waive immunity for certain types of defects in sidewalks, but limit both the circumstances under which recovery can be made. As an example, let’s look at the law from a few states on this subject.

In Texas, Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 102.022 provides that amunicipality can be held liable for two types of defects in sidewalks — “special defects” and “premise defects”.

A “special defect” is a condition that presents an unexpected and unusual danger to ordinary users. A “premise defect”, on the other hand, is a long-standing, routine or permanent defect. With special defects, the municipality can be liable only if it knew or should have known of the hazard. With premise defects, the municipality can be liable only if they had actual knowledge of the defect. Further, a “design defect” is something dangerous about the way the sidewalk was designed as opposed to a change that occurred at a later time. With design defects, the act of designing the sidewalk is a discretionary act left to the municipality and they are immune. City of Austin v. Sliverman, M.D., 2009 WL 1423956 (Tex. App.–Austin 2009). What constitutes a design defect varies. City of Grapevine v. Roberts , 946 S.W.2d 841 (Tex. 1997) (crushed and crumpled sidewalk: City of El Paso v. Bernal, 986 S.W.2d 610 (Tex. 1999) (eroded spot in the sidewalk); City of Richardson v. Justus , 329 S.W.3d 662 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2010) (sidewalk separation). Some examples of special defects are: City of Austin v. Rangel , 184 S.W.3d 377 (Tex. App. – Austin 2006, no pet.) (uncovered meter box) and City of El Paso v. Chacon , 148 S.W.3d 417, 425 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2004, pet. denied) (hole in sidewalk left behind from utility pole).

Some states assess the liability of municipalities based on the size and depth of uneven sidewalks, rationalizing that sidewalks that are less than a certain number of inches uneven are not hazards and tripping would be the fault of the injured party. In Michigan, M.C.L.A. § 691.1402a(2a)(1) provides that a municipality must “maintain the sidewalk in reasonable repair.” Subsection (2) says that a municipality is not liable for breach of their duty to maintain a sidewalk “…unless the plaintiff proves that at least 30 days before the occurrence of the relevant injury, death, or damage, the municipal corporation knew or, in the exercise of reasonable diligence, should have known of the existence of the defect in the sidewalk.” The statute also provides that there is a presumption that it has maintained the sidewalk in reasonable repair.

Michigan sidewalks are included in the definition of “highway” under their Governmental Tort Liability Act. The Act says that “highway includes a bridge, sidewalk, trailway, crosswalk, or culvert on the highway.” M.C.L.A. § 691.1401(c). As a result, sidewalks are not their own exception, but rather fall under the “public highways exception” to governmental immunity. The inclusion of sidewalks within the definition of “highway” gives the appearance that the governmental agency responsible for maintaining the highway or roadway would also hold liability for maintaining any accompanying sidewalk, given that “each governmental agency having jurisdiction over a highway shall maintain the highway in reasonable repair so that it is reasonably safe and convenient for public travel.”

Section 691.1402(1) for years had imposed liability on municipalities for injuries resulting from defective sidewalks, i.e., sidewalks the municipality has failed to maintain in reasonable repair. The statute provided that if this defect constituted a discontinuity of less than two inches, a rebuttable inference arises that the municipality maintained the sidewalk in reasonable repair. In 2010, however, the Michigan Supreme Court in Robinson v. City of Lansing, 782 N.W.2d 171 (Mich. 2010) declared that this rule only applied to sidewalks which were next to “county highways.” Most recently, Michigan Governor Snyder signed HB 4589, which reversed the effect of the Robinson decision which held that a statute establishing that a government is liable only for a sidewalk defect or “discontinuity” greater than two inches applies only to county roads. The bill extended this to a sidewalk adjacent to “any municipal, county or state” highway, street or road.

California does not apply the “two-inch” rule or similar blanket rule as some other states do in this area. Instead, they tend to look at the “defect as a whole” while the size of the defect matters only secondarily. While we love charts and easy answers, California is the last place to look for simplicity in this area.

Several California decisions have sidewalk defects of up to one and one-half inches trivial as a matter of law. In Barrett v. City of Claremont , 41 Cal.2d 70, 256 P.2d 977 (1953), the court held that in the absence of aggravating conditions, differential of less than half an inch is deemed trivial. In Caloroso v. Hathaway , 19 Cal. Rptr.3d 254 (Cal. App. 2004), an elevation difference of under half an inch was declared “trivial” as a matter of law. In Fielder v. City of Glendale , 71 Cal.App.3d 719 (1977), a three-fourths inch irregularity in a sidewalk, without evidence of other factors that would have allowed reasonable minds to conclude that it was dangerous, constituted a defect that was trivial as a matter of law. In Nicholson v. City of Los Angeles , 54 P.2d 725 (Cal. 1936), a one and one-half inch elevation difference, without more, was held not to be dangerous as a matter of law. In Whiting v. City of National City, 69 P.2d 990 (Cal. 1937), the court said that sidewalks cannot be maintained in a perfect condition and that minor defects are bound to exist. An elevation difference of a maximum of three-fourths of an inch was held to be minor and not of such dangerous character as to be constructive notice to city. However, it is also true that as “the size of the depression begins to stretch beyond one inch the courts have been reluctant to find that the defect is not dangerous as a matter of law.” Fielder , supra . Moreover, size alone is not determinative of whether a rut presents a dangerous condition. It is just one of several factors, albeit “[t]he most important of these factors”, for determining whether a given defect may be deemed trivial as a matter of law. Thomas , et al., Premises Liability in California , § 3:46 at p. 222. California also considers the nature and quality of the defect, the time of day and lighting conditions when the accident occurred, and whether there is evidence anyone else has been injured by the same defect. Fielder , supra .

Therefore, California seemingly applies the “Trivial Defect Rule”, which states that a vertical change in elevation of a walkway one inch (1″) or less (or possibly 1.5″ or less) alone is generally a trivial defect as a matter of law unless the totality of circumstances, i.e., other aggravating surrounding factors, indicates otherwise. Under appropriate circumstances, therefore, a court may determine, as a matter of law, that a given walkway defect is trivial. However, it cannot make that determination if competing and conflicting evidence of the size, nature, and quality of the defect, or the circumstances surrounding the plaintiff’s injury, raise triable factual questions as to whether the defect or conditions of the surface presented a danger to pedestrians exercising ordinary care. Kasparian v. AvalonBay Communities, Inc ., 156 Cal.App.4th 11, 66 Cal.Rptr.3d 885 (2007). The Trivial Defect Rule is not an affirmative defense, but rather, an aspect of duty that plaintiff must plead and prove.

Persons who maintain walkways–whether public or private–are not required to maintain them in absolutely perfect condition. The duty of care imposed on a property owner, even one with actual notice, does not require the repair of minor defects. In Ursino v. Big Boy Restaurants , 192 Cal.App.3d 394 (1987), a raised edge of three-fourths inch was trivial as a matter of law. Some defects are bound to exist even in the exercise of reasonable care in the maintenance of property and cannot reasonably be expected to cause accidents. Johnson v. City of Palo Alto , 199 Cal.App.2d 148 ( 1962), superseded on other grounds by statute , Brown v. Poway Unified School Dist . 4 Cal.4th 820, 831 (1993). Whether a condition is dangerous is almost always considered a question of fact that may be resolved as a question of law only “if reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion.” Davis v. City of Pasadena , 42 Cal.App.4th 701 (1996). Therefore, a “trivial defect” usually means defects of 1″ to 1.5″ or less. There are undoubtedly a lot of serious injury cases involving defects as “trivial” as this where liability does not attach and angry plaintiffs go uncompensated, giving a whole new meaning to the title of the 2001 American musical comedy-drama “Hedwig and The Angry Inch.”

New York has no minimum height test for hazards in sidewalks or public walkways. In Thomas v. City of New York , 301 AD2d 387 (N.Y. 2003), an injury was caused by a metal grating barely raised above the adjacent public sidewalk. The court said that there is no “minimal dimension test,” in the absence of other contributing factors, although the differential in height between the alleged defect and the sidewalk may “loom large” in determining whether the defect poses a hazard of sufficient magnitude to be actionable. Trincere v. County of Suffolk , 688 N.E.2d 489 (N.Y. 1997). Because the plaintiff failed to adduce evidence sufficient to raise a triable issue as to whether the alleged defect, although small, nonetheless possessed the characteristics of a “trap or snare” or was otherwise actionable, the defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment was granted.

A raised portion of a curb or sidewalk which is less than two inches in height is presumed to be “insubstantial” as a matter of law. This “two-inch” presumption may be rebutted by showing attendant circumstances sufficient to render the defect substantial. Long v. Village of Covington , 2002 WL 538857 (Ohio 2002).

Rhode Island

Rhode Island requires municipalities to merely keep sidewalks reasonably safe and they need not anticipate every possibility of an accident. Grass v. Seattle , 171 P. 533 (Wash. 1918) (1 1/8 inches).

In Denver v. Burrows , 227 P. 840 (Colo. 1924), a defect of 1 3/8 inches was involved. The court said that the existence of such an irregularity was held as a matter of law not to constitute negligent upkeep by the town.

The duty to maintain a sidewalk, public or private, varies from city to city and state to state. In some places, the sidewalk is public property and maintenance and repair is the responsibility of local government. Depending upon local law, either property owners or local municipalities (the city, county, or state) may be liable for injuries sustained on public sidewalks. In some areas, the sidewalk is not considered private property so a homeowner cannot be sued for any injury sustained on the sidewalk.

Maintenance and repair of private sidewalks is generally the responsibility of the owner of the sidewalk. This could be an individual, a business, or a homeowners’ association. When an injury occurs as the result of improper maintenance or repair, local ordinances govern from whom an injured party may recover. Regardless who has the responsibility to maintain and keep sidewalks in a safe condition, subrogation professionals must see to it that proper investigation is conducted. Without photographs, statements, or other evidence of the dangerous condition (measurements are important), it may be impossible to show that a defect which is later repaired or altered was sufficient to constitute a dangerous condition.

About Gary L. Wickert

Was this article valuable?

Thank you! Please tell us what we can do to improve this article.

Thank you! % of people found this article valuable. Please tell us what you liked about it.

Here are more articles you may enjoy.

Want to stay up to date?

Get the latest insurance news sent straight to your inbox.

• Categories: Road to Recovery Topics: legal doctrines , liability , municipality , premise defects , sidewalk defect , special defects , subrogation , trip and fall , uneven sidewalks
• Have a news tip? Email us at [email protected]

We have updated our privacy policy to be more clear and meet the new requirements of the GDPR. By continuing to use our site, you accept our revised Privacy Policy .

SIDEWALK SAFETY

Ada compliance for sidewalks.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 defines a ‘trip hazard’ as any vertical change of over 1/4 inch or more at any joint or crack. Since the ADA demands strict compliance, trip hazards represent a legal liability to our clients.

Our patented saw-cutting technology completely and cleanly removes trip hazards from sidewalks, virtually eliminating claims that result from trip and fall incidents on uneven sidewalk. By having Precision Concrete Cutting remove their trip hazards, our clients reduce their legal liability using the most efficient and cost effective method available.

• Each offset will be tapered according to the specifications requested by the client and will have a smooth, uniform appearance and texture.
• The raised sidewalk will be cut from edge to edge and brought to a zero point of differential settlement, completely eliminating the trip hazard.

Precision Concrete Cutting delivers Safe Sidewalks every time. Our service, unlike other approaches, accurately measures each offset to ensure that we achieve the slope requested by our customers. The only alternative available to achieve ADA compliance (if done correctly) is removal and replacement, which is costly, disruptive, and time consuming.

"The benefit is we have a reduced number of calls from the public complaining about issues with their sidewalks, so these groups of people are very excited for us to come in and use this process instead of ripping out 100 feet of sidewalk, the experience we’ve had with Precision is phenomenal."

Chris McGee, Transportation Field Services Manager

• Sidewalk Services

You can do it right, or you can do it over

Precision Sidewalk Safety Corp is the Florida and South Carolina affiliate of Precision Concrete Cutting , the national leader in uneven sidewalk repair. Our patented technique flawlessly repairs sidewalk trip hazards in Florida and South Carolina, saving the states millions of dollars in sidewalk maintenance.

Remove Liability

Eliminate trip and fall liability by removing trip hazards caused by cracked or uneven concrete, even if they are located in hard-to-reach places like gutters or surfaces abutting walls.

ADA Compliant

We are the only solution that meets the requirements of the ADA and also allows you to keep your existing sidewalks instead of demolishing and replacing your current investment.

Stretch your budget

Our sidewalk repairs typically save our clients 70-90% compared to demolition and replacement of the sidewalk panels, ensuring that with us you can do the most with your money.

Our advantages

Many organizations spend time and money using grinders, which leave inconsistent results, don’t fully eliminate the hazard, scar up your sidewalk assets, and don’t precisely slope repairs to ADA requirements. Why spend the money twice to do it over, when you can do it right with us the first time?

What sets us apart

Precision Sidewalk Safety offers extraordinary cost savings by utilizing our patented technology to repair trip hazards quickly and efficiently the first time. With immediate ADA compliance, detailed auditable reports, and unparalleled professionalism, there is only one choice for maintaining your sidewalks.

We’ve saved hundreds of thousands of dollars using Precision Sidewalk Safety to make trip hazard repairs in our District. They are one of the most professional, fastidious, and responsible contractors we work with.

- James Johnson Contract Technicians Supervisor / South Carolina Department of Transportation

The work that Precision Sidewalk Safety did for us saved us so much money and time. We'd like to do more work with them, approaching the city in phases, because every time we do a repair, we remove another liability for the city

- Walter Bandish Assistant Public Works Director / City of Cape Canaveral

Other methods take longer, cost more, and the work really inconveniences users of the walkways. With the Precision method, we saved the City money and the only thing our residents noticed was that the sidewalks looked great and the hazards were removed.

- Lou Giacona Public Works Director / City of Indian Harbour Beach, Florida