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Kenya Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Factsheet

Discover the total economic contribution that the Travel & Tourism sector brings to Kenya and the world in this data-rich, two-page factsheet.

Discover the total economic contribution that the Travel & Tourism sector brings to the Kenya’s economies and to the world in this data-rich, two-page factsheet.

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Factsheet details

This factsheet highlights the importance of Travel & Tourism to Kenya across many metrics, and features details such as:

• Contribution of the sector to overall GDP and employment
• Comparisons between 2019 and 2023
• Forecasts for 2024 and 2034
• International and domestic visitor spending
• Proportion of leisure vs business spending
• Top 5 inbound and outbound markets

This factsheet highlights the importance of Travel & Tourism to the Kenya across many metrics, and features details such as:

• Contribution of the sector to overall GDP and employment in the group and globally
• Contribution of the sector to overall GDP and employment in the region and globally

This factsheet highlights the importance of T&T to this city across many metrics, and features details such as:

• Contribution of the sector to overall GDP and employment in the city
• Comparisons between 2019, 2020 and 2021, plus 2022 forecast
• Proportion of the T&T at city level towards overall T&T contribution at a country level
• Top 5 inbound source markets

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Kenya's tourism earnings surge in 2022 as travel curbs ease

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Kenya Tourism Board Reports KSh 142b in HY Revenues as Number of International Visitors Increases

• The Kenya Tourism Board (KTB) reported KSh 142.5 billion in revenue for the first half of 2024, marking a significant growth in the tourism sector
• International visitors to Kenya increased by 21.3%, with 1,027,630 arrivals compared to 847,810 during the same period in 2023
• Domestic tourism saw a 10% rise in bed nights, reaching 2.25 million, up from 2.06 million in the first half of the previous year
• KTB CEO June Chepkemei highlighted the Maasai Mara as a key tourist hub, particularly during the wildebeest migration, which attracted visitors to other regions as well

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Elijah Ntongai, a journalist at TUKO.co.ke, has more than three years of financial, business , and technology research expertise, providing insights into Kenyan and global trends.

The Kenya Tourism Board (KTB) reported earnings of KSh 142.5 billion for the half-year ending June 2024.

Chinese property firm Kaisa strikes debt restructuring deal

This growth has been attributed to an increase in travel to regions beyond the famous Maasai Mara National Reserve, which is currently at full capacity due to the annual wildebeest migration.

During a recent visit to the Maasai Mara, KTB CEO June Chepkemei highlighted the role of the Mara as a central hub for attracting tourists, particularly during the wildebeest migration.

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"This is a magnet that brings tourists to Kenya. It is a bucket list destination... When they are done with Mara we are able to the allow them to experience what else the country has to offer," Chepkemei said.

Number of visitors to Kenya

In a statement seen by TUKO.co.ke , Chepkemei noted that the first half of 2024 saw 1,027,630 international visitors to Kenya, a 21.3% increase from the same period in 2023, which recorded 847,810 arrivals.

Kenya Airways records net profit for first time in 10 years

The surge in tourism has also spurred domestic travel, with 2.25 million bed nights recorded, a 10% rise from 2.06 million in the corresponding period last year.

"We have surpassed our targets for the just immediate financial year. Going into the future we see ourselves increasing the numbers and even surpassing our three million target that we have set," Chepkemei said.

Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) Director General Erustus Kanga, who accompanied Chepkemei on the tour, emphasised the importance of conservation and sustainable tourism in keeping Kenya competitive as a top destination.

He pointed to the growing interest in sustainability among modern tourists, noting that KWS is working closely with government agencies, sectors, and communities to foster sustainable conservation initiatives.

Additionally, Kanga called for public support for the ongoing KWS #TunzaMaliYako campaign, which encourages Kenyans to take part in nature conservation as a key driver of national development.

Origin of tourists coming to Kenya

Kenya govt plans to reinstate some taxes to raise $1.2 bn

In other news on TUKO.co.ke , data from the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) showed that the number of tourists from countries within and outside Africa increased in the 12 months to March 2024.

Kenya's key tourist source countries include the United States, Uganda, Tanzania , the United Kingdom, India and Germany.

The total number of tourist arrivals increased from 1,000,559 in 2022 to 1,626,818 in 2023 and then to 2,069,620 in 2024, with an overall 27.2% rise from 2023 to 2024.

Proofreading by Mercy Nyambura Guthua, journalist and copy editor at TUKO.co.ke

Source: TUKO.co.ke

Elijah Ntongai (Business editor) Elijah Ntongai is an editor at TUKO.co.ke's business desk, covering stories on money, the economy, technology, and other business-angled stories. Ntongai graduated from Moi University with a Bachelor's in Linguistics, Media and Communication. Ntongai is trained and certified under the Google News Initiative and Reuters Digital Journalism. For any correspondence, contact Ntongai at [email protected].

Economic Development of Kenya, Tourism Industry Impact

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• Jabir Hassan 17 ,
• Romana Gunkevych 17 &
• Sassan Rismani 17  

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 783))

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Tourism in general is a hugely important source of export earnings (it is treated as a service export, even though it is consumed in the country in which it is provided) and a dynamic sector of the world economy. Earnings from tourism (receipts) reached $852 billion even in recession battered 2009 (World Bank). Between 2000 and 2015, the number of international tourists grew from 675 million to 1.2 billion (World Bank). Growth was led by tourist arrivals in developing and emerging economies, which far outpaced growth in tourism to advanced economies, although the latter still lead in absolute numbers. It is, therefore, no mystery why the main focus with regard to economic development of Kenya - classified as developing country, was put on the tourism industry, the merits of which are essentially in terms of increased foreign exchange receipts, balance of payments, government revenues, employment, and increased economic activity in general.

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Hassan, J., Gunkevych, R., Rismani, S. (2019). Economic Development of Kenya, Tourism Industry Impact. In: Kantola, J.I., Nazir, S., Barath, T. (eds) Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Society. AHFE 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 783. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94709-9_13

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The Impact Of Tourism On Kenya: Looking At Both Sides Of The Coin

Tourism, like anything else, has an impact on Kenya – both directly and indirectly. But it’s a mixed bag when it comes to evaluating the impact of tourism dollars on the economy. As much as tourism helps the country and its citizens develop and thrive, there are negatives that must be considered.

Tune hotel (Photo courtesy of tunehotels.com)

As with many African nations, tourism provides thousands of jobs to local residents in Kenya. Hotel staff, drivers, cooks, tour guides and airport personnel are all directly employed by the multi-billion-dollar industry. Thousands more are indirectly employed as construction workers, food suppliers, etc.

The unfortunate flip side of this is that the jobs are usually seasonal, and often menial.

In most parts of Kenya, tourism is a seasonal business, with additional staff being required during high seasons and less hands needed for off peak months. So for the locals who fall under the category of seasonal workers, employment is unsteady, making it difficult financially to get through the year.

Furthermore, many hotel chains will generally bring in their own staff from their home country for white-collar positions. This leaves only the low-income unskilled jobs for Kenyans locals, which offer minimal opportunities for advancement and consistency.

National income

Tourism in Kenya is a source of foreign exchange and income for the government. This helps reduce dependence on other sectors such as agriculture, which are subject to weather and market conditions that can often be unpredictable.

In the past, up to 21% of Kenya’s national income has been derived from tourism. These much needed funds have helped diversify the economy, and have been put towards developing the country’s infrastructure: projects such as public hospitals, schools, and roads have improved the overall standard of living for citizens.

Maasai market at Village Market, Nairobi. Photo by Susan McKee

But as much good as this income does, there is a downside. It is common for local governments to prioritize projects that could potentially help increase tourism income over projects that work towards the general well-being of local residents. In this way, locals may miss out on important amenities (such as healthcare, schooling, clean water or irrigation), as they are sidelined in favor of services to help increase tourist traffic.

For example, in an area where there are only enough funds to either refurbish a local health center or upgrade a road that leads to an area with a cluster of popular tourist hotels, local officials are likely to fix the road.

Furthermore, the income generated from tourist activities is not likely to funnel down to locals — the lion’s share will generally go to big industry players. Tourists are likely to frequent chain hotels, which are usually owned by foreign companies and divert very little of their income towards the Kenyan economy.

Local artisans and business owners miss out on the bulk of tourist revenue, gaining some limited income from curio purchases for example, but mostly serving local residents who cannot afford the rates at tourist-oriented restaurants, clothing shops, hotels and so forth.

International relations

Tourism — more so international tourism — provides an opportunity for good relations between countries. Key government interactions lead to business opportunities and development partnerships that are beneficial for both countries involved, especially the less financially able 3 rd world countries.

Maintaining good international ties fosters a kinship that allows Kenya to develop in ways that would otherwise have been difficult to access. Cultural exchange between Kenyan citizens and tourists also helps paint a positive picture of the country overseas, fighting the stereotypical starving African child image commonly associated with our continent, as well as broadening Kenyan horizons by introducing them to cultures outside our own.

This interaction of cultures can go awry, however, as the more conservative Kenyan cultures meet more liberal foreign cultures. The more permissive Western approach to clothing, partying and sex could possibly offend a deeply traditional Kenyan.

A few vices have been indirectly associated with an increase in tourist activity, in spite of Kenyan laws regulating them: the sale and use of narcotics, prostitution, etc. Traditional cultures are also being slowly eroded as youth gravitate towards Western culture and abandon their language and customs in favor of “modernity.”

Conservation

Tourism has the positive side effect of encouraging wildlife conservation efforts. Tourists visit Kenya to see animals and landscapes unique to the country, giving the government incentive to protect them.

Elephants at David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, Nairobi. Photo by Susan McKee

Though the incentive is primarily financial rather than humanitarian, forests, games parks, and cultural heritage sites are preserved as potential sources of income and will continue to remain as so, to the benefit of Kenyan locals, culture and history.

But this creates its own problem: unfortunately, tourist visits also cause a great disruption to wildlife, as natural habitats are invaded for the sake of viewing and photographing it.

Likewise, tourists’ preferences for certain commonly visited places like the Maasai Mara and the Kenyan coast puts pressure on local resources in those areas. Congestion and displacement of locals from their homes are just two ways this plays out.

For example, the Maasai people have only recently begun to be resettled after loss of their land, much of which was taken over to develop tourist-oriented activities and facilities.

Clearly, there are two sides to the Kenyan tourism coin: tourists are an important part of the Kenyan economy and they directly and indirectly help to preserve the country’s history and economy, but this comes at a price. Tourism often has less than pleasant implications.

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Travel, Tourism & Hospitality

Tourism earnings from international arrivals in Kenya 2005-2023

In 2023, earnings from international arrivals in Kenya amounted to 352.5 billion Kenyan shillings (KSh), around 2.7 billion U.S. dollars. This represented an increase of around 32 percent in comparison to the previous year. In 2020, the number of international visitor arrivals in Kenya declined sharply, and, consequently, the sector’s revenue fell to 89 billion KSh (686 million U.S. dollars). The drop interrupted an up going trend in place since 2015. From that year onward, the country’s tourism industry had recorded an annual growing revenue, after a slowdown due to an upsurge in violent terrorist attacks in 2012. 

First signs of recovery in 2021

Worldwide, the tourism industry felt the dramatic effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In Kenya, the sector contracted, and its contribution to the country’s GDP roughly halved in 2020, compared to 2019. By the end of 2021, however, signals of recovery amid the tourism industry were already spotted. The monthly number of arrivals in both Jomo Kenyatta and Moi international airports in December that year corresponded to roughly 70 percent of that registered in December 2019. Additionally, as of March 2022, the bed occupancy rate in Kenyan hotels amounted to 57 percent, against 23 percent in March 2021.

Tourism: a relevant industry in Kenya’s economy

Kenya is extensively known for its rich nature and wildlife. The country is home to Mount Kenya, the second-highest mountain in Africa , and houses seven UNESCO World Heritage sites , such as the Lake Turkana national parks and the Lamu Old Town. Unsurprisingly, travel and tourism play a key role in the Kenyan economy. Despite the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the industry remained a relevant source of employment . As of 2020, tourism engaged roughly 6.4 percent of the total employment in Kenya.

Revenue generated by international arrivals in Kenya from 2005 to 2023 (in billion Kenyan shillings)

Additional Information

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2005 to 2023

Conversion rate on 09/28/2023: one U.S. dollar = 129.01 KSh.

The figures were rounded. 

Data for 2005 until 2018 retrieved from Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife Kenya .

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What Are The Effects Of Tourism In Kenya

Published: December 12, 2023

Modified: December 28, 2023

by Rosella Brantley

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Introduction

Kenya, located on the eastern coast of Africa, is known for its diverse wildlife, stunning landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. Over the years, tourism has emerged as a vital economic sector in the country, contributing significantly to its growth and development. The effects of tourism in Kenya span across various aspects, including the economy, environment, society, culture, and politics.

With its remarkable national parks and game reserves, including the world-famous Maasai Mara and Amboseli National Park, Kenya attracts nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers from all around the globe. The allure of witnessing the Great Migration, where millions of wildebeest and zebras cross the treacherous Mara River, has made Kenya a dream destination for many.

Additionally, Kenya’s stunning coastline along the Indian Ocean and its beautiful beaches, such as Diani Beach and Lamu Island, offer sun-seekers a paradise to relax and unwind. The cultural diversity of the country, with over 40 different ethnic groups, further adds to its appeal, attracting tourists interested in immersing themselves in vibrant traditions, music, and art.

In this article, we will explore the diverse effects of tourism in Kenya, ranging from its economic impact to its influence on the environment, society, culture, and politics. Understanding these effects is crucial in devising sustainable strategies that maximize the benefits of tourism while minimizing any negative consequences.

Economic Effects of Tourism in Kenya

Tourism plays a vital role in Kenya’s economy, contributing significantly to employment generation, foreign exchange earnings, and overall economic growth. The sector provides direct and indirect employment opportunities for thousands of Kenyans, particularly in the hospitality, transportation, and food service industries. This influx of jobs helps alleviate poverty and improve the standard of living for many locals.

Foreign exchange earnings from tourism act as a major source of revenue for the country. Tourist expenditures on accommodation, transportation, meals, and souvenirs contribute to the balance of payments, helping to strengthen Kenya’s economy and maintain a stable currency exchange rate. Moreover, tourism-related investments stimulate economic activities in other sectors, such as construction and infrastructure development.

Kenya’s wildlife and nature-based tourism attractions have been instrumental in driving tourism revenue. National parks and game reserves generate income through park entrance fees, safari tours, and wildlife conservation fees. Revenue from these sources is often reinvested in conservation efforts, ensuring the preservation of Kenya’s rich biodiversity.

Furthermore, tourism has the potential to promote entrepreneurship and stimulate the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in local communities. Craft markets, souvenir shops, and cultural experiences provide opportunities for local artisans and entrepreneurs to showcase their products and services, fostering economic empowerment.

It is worth noting that the economic benefits of tourism in Kenya are not limited to urban areas and popular tourist destinations. Community-based tourism initiatives have been successful in promoting sustainable tourism in rural areas, where local communities are directly involved in providing accommodations, guiding tours, and offering unique cultural experiences. This way, tourism extends its benefits to marginalized communities and contributes to the equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.

While the economic effects of tourism in Kenya are undeniably positive, it is essential to maintain a balance between development and sustainability. Implementing responsible tourism practices ensures that the economic benefits are long-lasting, without compromising the natural and cultural heritage that attracts tourists in the first place.

Environmental Effects of Tourism in Kenya

The abundance of natural beauty and wildlife in Kenya makes it a prime destination for tourists seeking unforgettable experiences in nature. However, the increasing number of visitors to these delicate ecosystems has led to both positive and negative environmental effects.

On one hand, tourism has played a crucial role in conservation efforts in Kenya. The revenue generated from parks entrance fees, wildlife conservation fees, and support for community-based conservation initiatives has been instrumental in preserving the country’s diverse ecosystems. National parks and game reserves have implemented sustainable practices to minimize the impact on the environment, such as controlled access, waste management, and wildlife protection measures.

However, the rapid growth of tourism has also put pressure on these fragile ecosystems. The intensification of infrastructure development, including lodges, roads, and airstrips, can lead to habitat fragmentation and disturb wildlife migration patterns. Unsustainable practices like off-road driving, excessive waste generation, and improper disposal can contribute to ecosystem degradation and pollution.

The increased demand for water resources in tourist areas can also strain local water supplies and put stress on ecosystems. Overuse of water for hotels, swimming pools, and golf courses can lead to water scarcity and negatively impact the surrounding environment.

In popular coastal areas, the construction of beachfront resorts can result in the destruction of coral reefs and coastal ecosystems. Unregulated tourism activities, such as snorkeling and scuba diving, can damage delicate coral formations and disrupt marine life habitats.

To mitigate the environmental impact of tourism, sustainable practices are being encouraged. Ecotourism initiatives aim to provide immersive experiences while promoting conservation and supporting local communities. Responsible tourism involves educating tourists about environmental preservation, encouraging waste reduction and recycling, promoting local and organic food choices, and supporting eco-friendly accommodations.

Government and non-governmental organizations in Kenya are actively involved in implementing policies and regulations to ensure sustainable tourism practices. This includes developing guidelines for eco-lodges, enforcing park regulations, and promoting community-based conservation initiatives. Public awareness campaigns and education programs are also aimed at fostering a sense of responsibility towards the environment among tourists and local communities alike.

By embracing sustainable tourism practices and preserving its remarkable natural assets, Kenya can continue to attract visitors while ensuring the protection and prosperity of its unique ecosystems for generations to come.

Social and Cultural Effects of Tourism in Kenya

Tourism in Kenya not only impacts the economy and the environment but also has significant social and cultural effects on the local communities. The interaction between tourists and locals brings about both positive and negative changes to the social fabric and cultural identity of the country.

One of the positive social effects of tourism is the promotion of cultural exchange and understanding. Visitors to Kenya have the opportunity to immerse themselves in the unique traditions, art, music, and cuisine of the various ethnic groups in the country. This cultural exchange fosters mutual respect and appreciation, leading to a deeper understanding of different cultures and promoting tolerance and diversity.

Tourism also serves as a catalyst for preserving traditional craftsmanship and cultural practices in Kenya. Local artisans, craftsmen, and performers have the opportunity to showcase their skills and cultural heritage to a global audience. This not only helps in the preservation of traditional knowledge and skills but also provides economic opportunities for individuals and communities.

However, the influx of tourism can also have negative social and cultural impacts. The commercialization and commodification of culture sometimes lead to the loss of authenticity and the dilution of traditions. In an effort to cater to the expectations of tourists, certain cultural practices and performances may become modified or commercialized, losing their original meaning and significance.

Moreover, the unequal distribution of tourism revenue and benefits can lead to social inequalities. While some communities and individuals benefit economically from tourism, others may be marginalized and left behind. It is important to ensure that tourism in Kenya is inclusive and benefits all segments of society, particularly marginalized groups and rural communities.

Tourism also influences social norms and behavior in local communities. The exposure to different cultures and lifestyles through tourism can lead to changes in attitudes and values. For example, the influence of Western tourists may disrupt traditional gender roles and family structures, leading to both positive and negative consequences within the community.

To address these social and cultural impacts, it is crucial to promote sustainable and responsible tourism practices. Community-based tourism initiatives that involve local communities in decision-making and benefit sharing can help ensure that the social and cultural effects of tourism are positive and inclusive.

Educating tourists about local customs, traditions, and etiquette can also foster respect and sensitivity towards the host culture. Awareness campaigns and cross-cultural exchange programs can further promote understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity.

By recognizing and mitigating the social and cultural effects of tourism, Kenya can harness the benefits of tourism for both economic development and the preservation of its rich cultural heritage.

Political Effects of Tourism in Kenya

Tourism has significant political implications in Kenya, influencing various aspects of governance, policy-making, and international relations. The sector has the potential to impact political stability, national image, and foreign relations.

One of the political effects of tourism is its contribution to economic growth and development. The revenue generated from tourism plays a vital role in funding government initiatives, infrastructure development, and public services. The government’s ability to effectively manage the tourism sector and ensure its sustainability is crucial for maintaining political stability and public support.

Tourism also has a direct influence on the country’s international image and reputation. A vibrant tourism industry showcases Kenya as an attractive and welcoming destination, which can boost its standing in the global community. Positive international perceptions of Kenya as a safe and desirable tourist destination can attract foreign investment, strengthen diplomatic relations, and promote cultural exchange.

Furthermore, tourism can serve as a tool for regional development and cooperation. By promoting cross-border tourism and collaboration with neighboring countries, Kenya can enhance regional integration and foster economic and political ties. Joint initiatives such as shared tourism marketing campaigns, visa facilitation, and cross-border wildlife conservation efforts can strengthen diplomatic relations and contribute to regional stability.

However, the political effects of tourism are not without challenges. Political instability, conflicts, or security concerns can have a detrimental impact on tourism. Instances of political unrest or instability can lead to travel advisories and a decline in tourist arrivals, resulting in economic losses and reputational damage to the country.

Furthermore, the political influence of tourism can lead to the prioritization of popular tourist destinations over less-known regions. This can result in regional inequalities, where certain areas benefit from tourism development while others are neglected. To address this, the government must strive to promote diversified tourism offerings and spread the benefits equitably across the country.

The government of Kenya plays a critical role in shaping tourism policies and regulations to ensure sustainable growth and development. Implementing effective governance practices, transparent regulations, and participatory decision-making processes help maintain political stability and provide a framework for the sustainable development of the tourism sector.

In summary, tourism has significant political effects in Kenya. It contributes to economic development, shapes the country’s international image, fosters regional cooperation, and presents challenges related to political stability and regional inequalities. By effectively managing the political implications of tourism, Kenya can leverage the sector’s potential to promote economic growth, enhance international relations, and ensure a sustainable and inclusive tourism industry.

Tourism in Kenya has profound effects that extend beyond the economic realm. The sector influences the environment, society, culture, and politics of the country, presenting both opportunities and challenges. Understanding and effectively managing these effects are crucial for ensuring sustainable tourism development in Kenya.

The economic benefits of tourism are evident through job creation, foreign exchange earnings, and the promotion of entrepreneurship. However, it is vital to balance economic growth with sustainability, preserving the natural assets and cultural heritage that attract tourists in the first place.

The environmental effects of tourism require responsible practices to mitigate negative impacts on delicate ecosystems and wildlife. Sustainable tourism initiatives and regulations play a crucial role in preserving Kenya’s biodiversity and ensuring the long-term viability of its natural attractions.

Socially and culturally, tourism can foster understanding, appreciation, and preservation of diverse traditions. However, it is essential to avoid the commodification of culture and ensure that the benefits of tourism are equitable to all segments of society, including marginalized communities.

Politically, tourism plays a role in funding government initiatives, shaping the country’s image, and fostering regional cooperation. Political stability and effective governance are vital for ensuring the sustainability and positive impact of the tourism sector in Kenya.

In conclusion, harnessing the effects of tourism in Kenya requires a holistic and sustainable approach. By implementing responsible tourism practices, fostering community engagement, and promoting cultural preservation, Kenya can continue to attract visitors, contribute to economic growth, and protect its natural and cultural heritage for future generations to enjoy.

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Kenya Climate Change Fact Sheet

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Climate risks pose serious threats to Kenya’s sustainable development goals and development gains. With the largest economy in East Africa and a population of 54 million, Kenya serves as the region’s financial, trade, and communications hub. The country’s economy is largely dependent on rainfed agriculture, tourism and natural resources, sectors that are susceptible to climate variability and change and extreme weather events. Kenya’s updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) that was submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2020 notes that successive climate change impacts result in socio-economic losses estimated at 3–4 percent of Gross Domestic Product annually and that they impede development efforts. According to the March 2021 Climate Policy Initiative article “The Landscape of Climate Finance in Kenya,” in 2018, Kenya received $2.4 billion of public and private capital invested in climate-related activities; a mere third of the annual amount needed to meet its NDC targets and a gap that underscores the urgency of mobilizing public and private finance.

Although Kenya contributes less than 0.1 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions annually, the country has put measures in place to pursue a low carbon and resilient development pathway to help realize its Vision 2030: to transform Kenya into a newly industrializing, middle-income country. Furthermore, Kenya submitted an updated, more ambitious NDC on December 24, 2020, with a commitment to abate greenhouse gasses by 32 percent by 2030 relative to the business-as-usual scenario and in line with its sustainable development agenda and national circumstances.

Government of Kenya Climate Priorities

Kenya is a leader in addressing climate change and was one of the first countries in Africa to enact a comprehensive law and policy to guide national and subnational climate action. The Climate Change Act of 2016 and the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018–2022 provide guidance for low-carbon and climate resilient development. Kenya’s priorities as articulated through these, and other, instruments include: adaptation, afforestation and reforestation, landscape restoration, climate-smart agriculture, geothermal and clean energy development, energy efficiency, and drought and flood risk management.

USAID’S Climate Change Program: Objectives and Results

USAID supports the Government of Kenya’s (GOK) development and climate priorities through programs and partnerships addressing climate adaptation and resilience building, renewable energy, and natural climate solutions. USAID has also supported the development of key GOK policy documents, including the Climate Change Framework Policy, the Climate Change Act, and the Climate Change Finance Policy.

Adaptation and Resilience

USAID supports Kenya in building its capacity to assess vulnerability in key sectors, protect key watersheds, adapt dryland livestock and wildlife management, promote climate smart agriculture and drought tolerant crops, and improve early warning and action systems. USAID works with the GOK National Drought Management Authority, other ministries, and county governments to strengthen the resilience of vulnerable communities in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands.

• Leveraged $8.1 billion invested by the GOK to implement the Ending Drought Emergencies framework (2012-2020) in a multi-sectoral and integrated approach.
• Supporting community conservancies to conserve wildlife and protect rangelands through the Northern Kenya Carbon Project, the world’s first large-scale grasslands soil carbon project that targets the removal and storage of 50 million tons of CO2 over 30 years and uses the revenue generated to fund adaptation and conservation activities.

Through Power Africa , USAID supports the development of renewable power generation projects through technical assistance, transaction advisory services, and the creation of supportive frameworks to ensure 100 percent penetration of clean energy in Kenya by 2030. Increased geothermal, wind, and solar power generation will reduce GHG emissions by replacing fossil-fuel based power generation. USAID also supports decentralized power systems such as mini-grids and solar home systems that provide renewable electricity to populations living outside the grid.

To date, Power Africa has supported the development and commissioning of 691 MW of clean power generation in Kenya, including the 310 MW Lake Turkana Wind Power project, the 158 MW Olkaria V Geothermal Power Plant, the 83 MW Olkaria I Unit 6 Geothermal Power Plant, the 100 MW Kipeto Wind Power Project, and the 40 MW Malindi Solar PV Power Project.

USAID has helped Kenya improve protection of key forested watersheds and strengthen rangeland management in community conservancies. USAID works alongside the private sector, local governments, and indigenous communities that are reliant on these natural resources to help ensure sustained investment and viability beyond donor funding. USAID continues to explore opportunities in climate finance, a growing area of interest for donors, the private sector, and the Kenyan government.

• Facilitate private finance and investment for working capital needs of smallholder farmers and MSMEs that are integrating climate-smart solutions into their business models.
• Developed an ecosystem services valuation of three key watersheds that is used to revise the national budgeting database and increase the GOK’s budget to support watershed conservation.
• Development and implementation of ward development plans that foster community engagement in planning and budgeting and facilitates sustainable rangeland management.

Last updated: November 14, 2022

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