metal church tour history

Metal Church;

Listed Below is all of the known Tour Dates, Album, E.P. & Singles release dates that I have info on from these Seattle metallers. I know there is a hell of a lot more info out there so if you can help let me know. The tours I know of are marked in red. I'm after any Tickets scans, Tour Posters / Flyers, Tour Shirts, Magazine Adverts etc. hector.kirkwood @ gmail.com I built this and other pages for some of the bands I like as I could not find any decent info on the net anywhere, these are mainly for my own entertainment but if anyone else enjoys them then it's a bonus, enjoy. Many thanks to Mike Ziegler for numerous updates, corrections & additions. Also thanks to Hugo & Terry for several early additions, Terry runs the excellent Reverend Wayne webpage.

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??/??/1980; Metal Church form in San Francisco, Kurdt (g), Rick C. (g), Steve (b), William (v) and Rick W. (d).
??/??/1981; at some point before the demo William (v) leaves the band, Rick W. (d) is replaced by Aaron.
??/??/1981; ' Red Skies ' three song instrumental demo is released, exact date unknown. (Kurdt/Steve/Rick C./Aaron).
??/??/1981; at some point mid-'81(?) Kurdt scraps this line up moves back to Aberdeen WA, USA.
??/??/1981; at some point late '81 Kurdt is joined by Duke (b), Craig (g), Ed (v) & Carl (d).
??/12/1981; ' Metal Church ' rehearsal tape recorded, remains unreleased for ages. (and the info/line up appears to be wrong).
??/12/1981; Kurdt renames 'Metal Church as ' Shrapnel ' for a while, exact date unknown.

??/??/1982; at some point Carl (d) is replaced by Tom, Ed (v) leaves.
??/??/1982; ' Hitman ' three song instrumental demo released. (Kurdt/Duke/Craig/Tom).
??/??/1982; at some point Mike joins on vocals, Tom (d) leaves and is replaced by Kirk.
08/10/1982; Concert at Sam Benn Gym, Aberdeen, WA, USA. as ' Shrapnel '.

??/??/1983; at some point early(?) '83 Mike (v) leaves and is replaced by David.
??/??/1983; at some point early '83 the band reverts back to ' Metal Church '.
??/09/1983; ' Four Hymns' four song demo released, recorded in Aug.
??/??/1983; ' Untitled ' five song demo released, exact date unknown but late in the year.

??/??/1984; ' Death Wish ' single/demo advertised, exact date and tracks unknown. (this is possibly the demo tape? or retitled).
??/05/1984; ' Metal Massacre V ' compilation released, includes ' The Brave '.
??/05/1984; ' Northwest Metalfest ' compilation album released, includes ' Death Wish '.
04/05/1984; Concert at D & R Theatre, Aberdeen, WA, USA. with The Melvins & Rogues Gallery.
12/05/1984; Concert at The Moore Theatre, Seattle, WA, USA. with Mace, Overlord & asst.
15/06/1984; Concert at Ruthie's Inn, Berkeley, CA, USA. opening for Exodus, with Possessed.
29/06/1984; Concert at Mountaineers, Seattle, WA, USA. opening for Slayer & Wild Dogs.
30/06/1984; Concert at Rock Palace, Portland, OR, USA. opening for Slayer, with Mace.
??/10/1984; ' Metal Church' album released, exact date unknown, recorded in July, released late in the year? .
02/10/1984; Concert at The Pine Street Theatre, Portland, OR, USA. opening for Exciter.
27/10/1984; Concert at The Moore Theatre, Seattle, WA, USA. opening for T.K.O., with Shadow.
21/11/1984; Concert at The Pacific Surf Club, Olympia, WA, USA. with Sabre.

24/03/1985; Concert at The Moore Theatre, Seattle, WA, USA. opening for Raven, with Wild Dogs.
05/04/1985; Concert at Ruthie's Inn, Berkeley, CA, USA. with Verbal Abuse, Blind Illusion & Hellhound.
06/04/1985; Concert at Ruthie's Inn, Berkeley, CA, USA. with Possessed, Death Angel & Stone Vengence.
19/04/1985; Concert at Ruthie's Inn, Berkeley, CA, USA. with Mentors, Last Descendents & Terminal Shock.
20/04/1985; In-Store-Appearance at ' The Record Exchang e', San Francisco CA, USA.
20/04/1985; Concert at Ruthie's Inn, Berkeley, CA, USA. with Death Angel, Blind Illusion & Control.
13/06/1985; Concert at The Crest Theatre, Sacramento, CA, USA. opening for G.B.H..
14/06/1985; Concert at The Farm, San Francisco, CA, USA. opening for G.B.H., with Verbal Abuse & C.O.C.
03/08/1985; Concert at Seventh Street Theatre, Hoquiam, WA, USA. with Sabre & Strychnine.
06/08/1985; Concert at The New York Theatre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. opening for Exciter, with Witch's Hammer.
17/08/1985; Concert at Le Palladium, Montreal, QC, Canada. opening for Slayer, with Exodus, Hallow's Eve & Agent Steel. (Exciter & Megadeth cancel).
10/09/1985; Concert at Paradise, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. opening for Exciter. (Sep. 19th - 26th; ' European Tour ' 1985).
13/09/1985; Concert at The Arena, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. opening for Exciter.
14/09/1985; Concert at Cuthbert Amph., Eugene, OR, USA. opening for Ronnie Montrose, with asst. (didn't play, on tour).
18/09/1985; Concert at Oststadthalle, Karlsruhe, Germany. opening for Exciter.
19/09/1985; Concert at Hemmerleinehalle, Neunkirchen Am Brand, Germany. opening for Exciter.
20/09/1985; Concert at ??, Zurich, Switzerland. opening for Exciter.
21/09/1985; Concert at Alabamahalle, Munich, Germany. opening for Exciter.
22/09/1985; Concert at Rockfabrik, Ludwigsburg, Germany. opening for Exciter.
23/09/1985; Concert at Saalbau, Essen, Germany. opening for Exciter.
24/09/1985; Concert at Aladin, Bremen, Germany. opening for Exciter.
25/09/1985; Concert at Quartier Latin, Berlin, Germany.
26/09/1985; Concert at Markthalle, Hamburg, Germany. opening for Exciter. (may not have played, back in US next day!).
27/09/1985; Concert at The Showplace, Dover, NJ, USA. with Attacker.
28/09/1985; Concert at The Showplace, Dover, NJ, USA. opening for Slayer & Megadeth, with S.O.D.
29/09/1985; Concert at L'Amour, Brooklyn, NY, USA. opening for Tygers Of Pan Tang.
06/11/1985; Concert at Celebration, Boston, MA, USA. with Maniac. (cancelled, openers headline).
??/??/1985; ' Gods Of Wrath ' promo single released, exact date unknown but late in the year.
16/11/1985; Concert at Cabaret Metro, Chicago, IL, USA. with Zoetrope & Tattoo. (Nov. 16th - Dec. 7th; ' U.S. Tour ' 1985).
18/11/1985; Concert at Mississippi Nights, St. Louis, MO, USA. with Heaven's Flame.
20/11/1985; Concert at Muldoon's Night Club, New Brighton, MN, USA.
25/11/1985; Concert at Peabody's Down Under, Cleveland, OH, USA. with Purgatory.
26/11/1985; Concert at The Variety Theatre, Cleveland, OH, USA. opening for Anthrax, with Purgatory. (Anthrax cancel, show moved to 25/11).
27/11/1985; Concert at The Strand, York, PA, USA. opening for Anthrax.
28/11/1985; Concert at L'Amour, Brooklyn, NY, USA. opening for Anthrax, with Zities.
29/11/1985; Concert at Sundance, Bayshore, NY, USA. opening for Anthrax.
30/11/1985; Concert at Seagull Inn, Essex, MD, USA.
01/12/1985; Concert at Showboat Lounge, Silver Spring, MD, USA. with Tension.
04/12/1985; Concert at Celebrations, Boston, MA, USA. with Maniac.
07/12/1985; Concert at Blondie's, Detroit, MI, USA. with Animyl.
30/12/1985; Concert at Ruthie's Inn, Berkeley, CA, USA. with Forbidden Evil, Hexx & asst.
31/12/1985; Concert at The Civic Centre, San Francisco, CA, USA. opening for Metallica & Exodus, with Megadeth. (Anthrax cancelled).

14/01/1986; Concert at The Keystone, Palo Alto, CA, USA. with Rellik & Robyn Danger. (Jan. 14th - Feb. 2nd; ' U.S. Tour ' 1986).
15/01/1986; Concert at The Stone, San Francisco, CA, USA. with Legacy & Mean Time.
17/01/1986; Concert at The Country Club, Reseda, CA, USA. with Invaders & Stone Soldier.
18/01/1986; Concert at Valley Art Theatre, Tempe, AZ, USA. with Flotsam & Jetsam.
21/01/1986; Concert at The Velvet Underground, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. with Oliver Magnum.
22/01/1986; Concert at The Machinist Hall, Dallas, TX, USA. with Omen & Warlock.
23/01/1986; Concert at The Ritz, Austin, TX, USA. with Omen & Militia.
24/01/1986; Concert at The Cameo Theatre, San Antonio, TX, USA. with Omen & Ritual.
29/01/1986; Concert at Rainbow Music Hall, Denver, CO, USA. opening for Megadeth.
31/01/1986; Concert at Blondie's, Detroit, MI, USA. with Halloween.
01/02/1986; Concert at Cabaret Metro, Chicago, IL, USA.
??/??/1986; during the recording of 'The Dark' Kurdt (g) decides to stop touring, he is replaced initially by Mark, then full time by John.
02/10/1986; Concert at The Steve Lawson Studio, Seattle, WA, USA. show & ' The Dark' album playback .
06/10/1986; ' The Dark' album released.
??/10/1986; ' Start The Fire' promo single released, around the same time as the album.
10/10/1986; In-Store-Appearance at ' Budget Records' , Bellevue, VA, USA.
25/10/1986; Concert at Turner Hall, Madison, WI, USA. opening for Megadeth.
26/10/1986; Concert at Aragon Ballroom, Chicago, IL, USA. opening for Megadeth.
30/10/1986; Concert at The Felt Forum, New York, NY, USA. opening for Metallica. cancelled.
01/11/1986; Concert at Centre Georges Vezina, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword. cancelled.
02/11/1986; Concert at Colisee De Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword. cancelled.
03/11/1986; Concert at Colisee Des Bois-France, Victoriaville, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword. cancelled.
05/11/1986; Concert at Pavillon De La Jeunesse, Quebec City, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword. cancelled.
06/11/1986; Concert at Auditorium De Verdun, Montreal, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword. cancelled.
07/11/1986; Concert at Maple Leaf Gardens/Concert Hall, Toronto, ON, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword. cancelled.
06/11/1986; Concert at The Metro, Phoenix, AZ, USA. with Heretic & Ash Wednesday. (Nov. 6th - Dec. 23rd; ' North American Tour '). ( schedule Here ).
07/11/1986; Concert at The Olympic Auditorium, Los Angeles, CA, USA. opening for Slayer & Overkill, with D.R.I. & Bl'ast!.
08/11/1986; Concert at The Country Club, Reseda, CA, USA. with Heretic, Flotsam & Jetsam & Metallica as surprise guests.
09/11/1986; Concert at Jezebel's Night Club, Anaheim, CA, USA.
12/11/1986; Concert at The Ritz Theatre, Austin, TX, USA. with Assailant.
13/11/1986; Concert at The Theater Gallery , Dallas, TX, USA.
14/11/1986; Concert at Cardi's, Houston, TX, USA.
15/11/1986; Concert at The Woodlawn, San Antonio, TX, USA.
16/11/1986; Concert at The Stardust Ballroom, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
18/11/1986; Concert at Annie's, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
19/11/1986; Concert at Token Lounge, Westland, MI, USA.
21/11/1986; Concert at The Eagles Club, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
22/11/1986; Concert at First Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, USA. with Impaler, Powermad & Kublai Khan.
23/11/1986; Concert at Cabaret Metro, Chicago, IL, USA. with Destructor & Lost Cause.
25/11/1986; Concert at The Channel, Boston, MA, USA. with Alcatrazz.
26/11/1986; Concert at Veterans Memorial Auditorium, Providence, RI, USA. opening for Metallica.
28/11/1986; Concert at Mid-Hudson Civic Center, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA. opening for Metallica.
29/11/1986; Concert at The Capitol Theatre, Passaic, NJ, USA. opening for Metallica.
30/11/1986; Concert at The Music Hall, West Hartford, CT, USA. opening for Metallica.
??/12/1986; ' Watch The Children Play ' promo single released, in time for Christmas.
01/12/1986; Concert at The Felt Forum, New York, NY, USA. opening for Metallica.
03/12/1986; Concert at Auditorium De Verdun, Montreal, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword.
04/12/1986; Concert at Centre Georges-Vezina, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword.
05/12/1986; Concert at Pavilion De La Jeunesse, Quebec City, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword.
06/12/1986; Concert at Colisee De Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword.
07/12/1986; Concert at Colisee Des Bois-Frances, Victoriaville, QC, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Sword.
09/12/1986; Concert at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, ON, Canada. opening for Metallica.
10/12/1986; Concert at Sudbury Community Arena, Greater Sudbury, ON, Canada. opening for Metallica, with Kick Axe.
13/12/1986; Concert at Pantages Playhouse Theatre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. opening for Metallica.
14/12/1986; Concert at Keystone Centre, Regina, SK, Canada. opening for Metallica.
15/12/1986; Concert at Saskatoon Arena, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. opening for Metallica.
16/12/1986; Concert at The Convention Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada. opening for Metallica.
17/12/1986; Concert at Max Bell Arena, Calgary, AB, Canada. opening for Metallica.
19/12/1986; Concert at PNE Coliseum Theatre, Bowl, Vancouver, BC, Canada. opening for Metallica.
20/12/1986; Concert at Seattle Arena, Seattle, WA, USA. opening for Metallica.
21/12/1986; Concert at ??, Spokane, WA, USA. opening for Metallica. (dropped from schedule).
22/12/1986; Concert at ??, Portland, OR, USA. opening for Metallica. (dropped from schedule).

08/01/1987; Concert at Falkoner Theatre, Copenhagen, Denmark. opening for Metallica. (Jan. 8th - Feb. 15th; ' Start The Fire ' European tour 1987).
09/01/1987; Concert at Hostebrohalle, Holstebro, Denmark. opening for Metallica.
10/01/1987; Concert at Liserberghall, Gothenburg, Sweden. opening for Metallica.
12/01/1987; Concert at Halle Gartlage, Osnabruck, Germany. opening for Metallica.
14/01/1987; Concert at Bourse Du Travail, Lyon, France. opening for Metallica.
16/01/1987; Concert at Le Grand Parc, Bordeaux, France. opening for Metallica. (MC didn't play, equipment didn't arrive in time).
17/01/1987; Concert at Sports Palace, Barcelona, Spain. opening for Metallica.
18/01/1987; Concert at Pabellon Deportivo, Real Madrid, Spain. opening for Metallica.
20/01/1987; Concert at Theatre De Verdue, Nice, France. opening for Metallica.
21/01/1987; Concert at Pallatrusardi, Milan, Italy. opening for Metallica.
23/01/1987; Concert at Deutches Museum, Munich, Germany. opening for Metallica.
24/01/1987; Concert at Boblingen Sparthalle, Stuttgart, Germany. opening for Metallica.
25/01/1987; Concert at Grughalle, Essen, Germany. opening for Metallica.
27/01/1987; Concert at Markthalle, Hamburg, Germany. opening for Metallica.
28/01/1987; Concert at Markthalle, Hamburg, Germany. opening for Metallica. (possibly moved from 27th or 2nd date added)
29/01/1987; Concert at Stadhalle, Offenbach, Germany. opening for Metallica.
30/01/1987; Concert at Eberthalle, Ludwigshafen, Germany. opening for Metallica.
31/01/1987; Concert at Hammerleinhalle, Nurnburg, Germany. opening for Metallica.
01/02/1987; Concert at Sportzentrum, Griefensee, Switzerland. opening for Metallica.
03/02/1987; Concert at Hall Tivoli, Strasbourg, France. opening for Metallica.
04/02/1987; Concert at Maison Des Sports, Clermont-Ferrand, France. opening for Metallica.
05/02/1987; Concert at Le Zenith, Paris, France. opening for Metallica.
07/02/1987; Concert at Forest National, Brussels, Belgium. opening for Metallica, with Anthrax & Cyclone.
08/02/1987; Concert at Ijssehal, Zwolle, Holland. opening for Metallica & Anthrax, with Celtic Frost & Laaz Rockit.
15/02/1987; Concert at Hammersmith Odeon, London, England. opening for Anthrax, with Crimson Glory.

26/05/1987; Concert at Penny Arcade, Rochester, NY, USA. opening for Anthrax. (May 26th - Jul. 12th; ' Start the Fire ' U.S. tour).
27/05/1987; Concert at Lost Horizon, Syracuse, NY, USA. opening for Anthrax.
28/05/1987; Concert at Metron, Harrisburg, PA, USA. opening for Anthrax.
29/05/1987; Concert at The Palace Theatre, Albany, NY, USA . opening for Anthrax.
30/05/1987; Concert at Sundance, Bayshore, NY, USA. opening for Anthrax.
01/06/1987; Concert at The Living Room, Providence, RI, USA. opening for Anthrax.
02/06/1987; Concert at Paradise Rock Club, Boston, MA, USA. opening for Anthrax.
03/06/1987; Concert at Paradise Rock Club, Boston, MA, USA. opening for Anthrax.
04/06/1987; Concert at The Music Hall, West Hartford, CT, USA. opening for Anthrax.
05/06/1987; Concert at The Beacon Theatre, New York, NY, USA. opening for Anthrax & The Cro-Mags.
07/06/1987; Concert at Hammerjacks, Baltimore, MD, USA. opening for Anthrax.
08/06/1987; Concert at Pulsations, Glen Mills, PA, USA. opening for Anthrax.
09/06/1987; Concert at The Bayou, Washington, DC, USA. opening for Anthrax.
11/06/1987; Concert at Phantasy Theatre, Lakewood, OH, USA. opening for Anthrax.
12/06/1987; Concert at Bogarts, Cincinnati, OH, USA. opening for Anthrax.
13/06/1987; Concert at Cobo Arena, Detroit, MI, USA. opening for Anthrax.
15/06/1987; Concert at Headliners, Madison, WI, USA. opening for Anthrax.
16/06/1987; Concert at First Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, USA. opening for Anthrax, with Powermad.
17/06/1987; Concert at ??, Fargo, ND, USA. opening for Anthrax.
19/06/1987; Concert at Aragon Ballroom, Chicago, IL, USA. opening for Anthrax.
20/06/1987; Concert at Eagles Ballroom, Milwaukee, WI, USA. opening for Anthrax.
22/06/1987; Concert at Uptown Theater, Kansas City, MO, USA. opening for Anthrax.
23/06/1987; Concert at The Cotillion, Wichita, KS, USA. opening for Anthrax, with Oliver Magnum.
24/06/1987; Concert at The Cabaret Theater, Tulsa, OK, USA. opening for Anthrax, with Oliver Magnum.
25/06/1987; Concert at Red Rocks Amphitheatre, Morrison, CO, USA. opening for Anthrax.
26/06/1987; Concert at Norman's Place, Aurora, CO, USA. opening for Anthrax.
27/06/1987; Concert at Fairgrounds Coliseum, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. opening for Anthrax.
29/06/1987; Concert at Tacoma Dome, Tacoma, WA, USA. opening for Anthrax.
30/06/1987; Concert at The Starry Nite, Portland, OR, USA. opening for Anthrax.
02/07/1987; Concert at The Omni, Oakland, CA, USA. opening for Anthrax, with Mordred.
03/07/1987; Concert at The Civic Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA. opening for Anthrax, with Testament & Adrenalin O.D.
05/07/1987; Concert at The Old World Beer Gardens, Corona, CA, USA. opening for Anthrax, Testament & asst.
06/07/1987; Concert at The Celebrity Theatre, Phoenix, AZ, USA. opening for Anthrax, with Flotsam & Jetsam.
07/07/1987; Concert at The Tucson Garden, Tucson, AZ, USA. opening for Anthrax.
09/07/1987; Concert at City Coliseum, Austin, TX, USA. opening for Anthrax & D.R.I.
10/07/1987; Concert at ??, Corpus Christi, TX, USA. opening for Anthrax.
11/07/1987; Concert at The Arcadia Theater, Dallas, TX, USA. opening for Anthrax. (probably the source for the live album from 1998).
12/07/1987; Concert at The Sunken Gardens, San Antonio, TX, USA. opening for Anthrax & D.R.I.
17/07/1987; Concert at L'Amour, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
23/07/1987; Concert at Arlington Theatre, Indianapolis, IN, USA. opening for King Diamond, with Trouble.
24/07/1987; Concert at The Aragon Ballroom, Chicago, IL, USA. opening for King Diamond, with Trouble.
25/07/1987; Concert at Eagles Club, Milwaukee, WI, USA. with King Diamond, Trouble, Zoetrope, Nuclear Assault & asst. 'Milwaukee Metalfest ' .
22/11/1987; Concert at Jezebel's, Anaheim, CA, USA. opening for Megadeth.

??/??/1988; at some point mid '88 David (v) leaves the band, eventually Mike replaces him.
??/??/1988; 'Iron Man ' single with Sir Mix-A-Lot released, exact date unknown but has Mike Howe on it.
14/09/1988; Concert at Palatrussardi, Milan, Italy. opening for Metallica. (listed by mistake?).
01/11/1988; Concert at The Stone, San Francisco, CA, USA. opening for Armored Saint. (A.S. on tour so??).. (Mike Howe's first show?).
31/12/1988; Concert at Seattle Center Arena, Seattle, WA, USA. opening for Queensryche.

??/02/1989; ' Fake Healer ' sampler ep released, just before the album.
07/02/1989; ' Blessing In Disguise' album released, original artwork rejected, see scan.
??/03/1989; ' Badlands ' promo single released, in time for the Meliah Rage tour.
14/03/1989; Concert at Meeker's Landing, Puyallup, WA, USA. with Meliah Rage. (Apr. 13th - May 28th; ' The Blessing Tour ').
15/03/1989; Concert at The Starry Night, Portland, OR, USA. with Meliah Rage.
17/03/1989; Concert at The Omni, Oakland, CA, USA. with Meliah Rage & Tramontane.
18/03/1989; Concert at The Country Club, Reseda, CA, USA. with Meliah Rage. (moved from 25/03).
19/03/1989; Concert at Jezebel's, Anaheim, CA, USA. with Meliah Rage, Ataxe & Guillatine.
20/03/1989; Concert at The Roxy Theatre, West Hollywood, CA, USA. with Meliah Rage.
22/03/1989; Concert at Tucson Gardens, Tucson, AZ, USA. with Meliah Rage & Aftermath.
23/03/1989; Concert at Blitz 777, Scottsdale, AZ, USA. with Meliah Rage & Violent Playground.
25/03/1989; Concert at The Country Club, Reseda, CA, USA. with Meliah Rage. (moved to 18/03).
25/03/1989; Concert at The Speedway Cafe, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. with Meliah Rage & Violent Playground.
26/03/1989; Concert at The Mardi Gras, Aurora, CO, USA. with Meliah Rage.
27/03/1989; Concert at Confetti's, Albuquerque, NM, USA. with Meliah Rage.
29/03/1989; Concert at The Zoo, Killeen, TX, USA. with Meliah Rage.
30/03/1989; Concert at Tommy's, Dallas, TX, USA. with Meliah Rage.
31/03/1989; Concert at The Showcase, San Antonio, TX, USA.
01/04/1989; Concert at The Backroom, Austin, TX, USA. with Meliah Rage.
02/04/1989; Concert at Numbers, Houston, TX, USA. with Meliah Rage.
04/04/1989; Concert at The Bottleneck, Lawrence, KS, USA. with Meliah Rage.
06/04/1989; Concert at Beat Club, Tulsa, OK, USA. with Meliah Rage.
07/04/1989; Concert at Hard Roxx, Lawton, OK, USA. with Meliah Rage.
08/04/1989; Concert at The Emerald City Ballroom, Wichita, KS, USA. with Meliah Rage & Dementia.
10/04/1989; In-Store-Appearance at ' Streetside Records ', Hazelwood, St. Louis, MD, USA.
10/04/1989; Concert at Mississippi Nights, St. Louis, MD, USA. with Meliah Rage.
11/04/1989; Concert at Headliners, Madison, WI, USA. with Meliah Rage.
12/04/1989; Concert at Ryan's, St. Paul, MN, USA. with Meliah Rage & Evil Pink.
13/04/1989; Concert at T.A. Verns, Milwaukee, WI, USA. with Meliah Rage.
14/04/1989; Concert at Cubby Bear, Chicago, IL, USA. with Meliah Rage.
15/04/1989; Concert at Harpo's, Detroit, MI, USA. with Meliah Rage.
17/04/1989; Concert at Peabody's Down Under, Cleveland, OH, USA. with Meliah Rage.
18/04/1989; Concert at Newport Music Hall, Columbus, OH, USA. with Meliah Rage.
19/04/1989; Concert at Bogart's, Cincinnati, OH, USA. with Meliah Rage.
20/04/1989; Concert at Rascals, Indianapolis, IN, USA. with Meliah Rage & Drop Dead.
21/04/1989; Concert at Tewligans, Louisville, KY, USA. with Meliah Rage.
22/04/1989; Concert at Balty's Backstreet Music Garden, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
24/04/1989; Concert at Tennessee National Guard Armory, Nashville, TN, USA. with Meliah Rage.
26/04/1989; Concert at The Switch, Raleigh, NC, USA.
27/04/1989; Concert at Flaming Mug, Fayetteville, NC, USA.
29/04/1989; Concert at Jannus Landing, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
30/04/1989; Concert at The Cameo Theatre, Miami, FL, USA. with Meliah Rage.
02/05/1989; Concert at Visage Nightclub, Orlando, FL, USA.
03/05/1989; Concert at The Metroplex, Atlanta, GA, USA. with Meliah Rage & Nihilist.
04/05/1989; Concert at Chuck's, Greenville, SC, USA.
05/05/1989; Concert at Mad Monk, Wilmington, NC, USA.
06/05/1989; Concert at The Boathouse, Norfolk, VA, USA.
07/05/1989; Concert at Swizzles, York, PA, USA.
09/05/1989; In-Store-Appearance at 'Eide's Records' , Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
09/05/1989; Concert at City Limits, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
10/05/1989; Concert at The Bayou, Washington, DC, USA.
12/05/1989; Concert at L'Amour, Brooklyn, NY, USA. with Meliah Rage & Whiplash.
13/05/1989; Concert at Sundance, Bayshore, NY, USA. with Meliah Rage & Napalm.
14/05/1989; Concert at Empire Rock Club, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
15/05/1989; Concert at Toad's Place, New Haven, CT, USA.
17/05/1989; Concert at Paradise Rock Club, Boston, MA, USA.
18/05/1989; Concert at Renaissance Theater, Rochester, NY, USA.
19/05/1989; Concert at Airport Music Hall, Allentown, PA, USA.
20/05/1989; Concert at The Chance, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA.
21/05/1989; Concert at The Living Room, Providence, RI, USA.
24/05/1989; Concert at Barrymore's Music Hall, Ottawa, ON, Canada. with Shock.
26/05/1989; Concert at Rock N Roll Heaven, Toronto, ON, Canada.
27/05/1989; Concert at Le Spectrum, Montreal, QC, Canada. with D.B.C.
28/05/1989; Concert at Salle Alberts-Rousseau, Quebec City, QC, Canada. with D.B.C. (show cancelled due to poor ticket sales).
02/06/1989; Concert at Le Rendez-Vous, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. with Cranium & Crown Of Thorns.
05/06/1989; Concert at Frankie & Johnny's, Calgary, AB, Canada.
06/06/1989; Concert at The Metro, Edmonton, AB, Canada. with Joker.
08/06/1989; Concert at New York Theatre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. with Annihilator & Caustic Thought.

13/07/1989; Concert at Sunken Gardens Theater, San Antonio, TX, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. (Jul. 13th - Aug. 13th; ' W.A.S.P./Metal Church ' tour).
14/07/1989; Concert at Fair Park Coliseum, Dallas, TX, USA. opening for W.A.S.P.
15/07/1989; Concert at Opera House, Austin, TX, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
17/07/1989; Concert at Atlanta Civic Center, Atlanta, GA, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
19/07/1989; Concert at The Boathouse, Norfolk, VA, USA. opening for W.A.S.P.
21/07/1989; Concert at Citi Club, Boston, MA, USA. opening for W.A.S.P.
22/07/1989; Concert at The Ritz, New York, NY, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
24/07/1989; Concert at Concert Hall, Toronto, ON, Canada. opening for W.A.S.P.
25/07/1989; Concert at Auditorium De Verdun, Montreal, QC, Canada. opening for W.A.S.P., with Sword & Accept.
26/07/1989; Concert at The Chance, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
27/07/1989; Concert at ??, Hartford, CT, USA.
28/07/1989; Concert at Tower Theater, Upper Darby, PA, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
29/07/1989; Concert at City Limits, Penn Hills, PA, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
30/07/1989; Concert at The Ritz, Roseville, MI, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
01/08/1989; Concert at Agora Metro, Cleveland, OH, USA. opening for W.A.S.P.
02/08/1989; Concert at Bogart's, Cincinnati, OH, USA. opening for W.A.S.P.
03/08/1989; Concert at Riverside Theater, Milwaukee, WI, USA. opening for W.A.S.P.
04/08/1989; Concert at Vic Theatre, Chicago, IL, USA. opening for W.A.S.P.
08/08/1989; Concert at Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, Santa Monica, CA, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
09/08/1989; Concert at The Celebrity Theatre, Anaheim, CA, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
10/08/1989; Concert at The Omni, Oakland, CA, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
12/08/1989; Concert at The Starry Night, Portland, OR, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
13/08/1989; Concert at Paramount Theatre, Seattle, WA, USA. opening for W.A.S.P. & Accept.
23/09/1989; Kirk (d) admitted to hospital with probable diabetes, this causes the October European tour to be cancelled.
15/10/1989; Concert at Theaterfabric, Munich, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga. (Oct. 15th - 29th; ' Europe '89 ' tour).
17/10/1989; Concert at Longhorn, Stuttgart-Wangen, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga.
18/10/1989; Concert at The Music Hall, Hannover, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga.
19/10/1989; Concert at Stadhalle, Cologne, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga.
21/10/1989; Concert at Volksbildungsheim, Frankfurt, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga.
22/10/1989; Concert at E-Werk, Erlangen, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga.
23/10/1989; Concert at The Latin Quarter, Berlin, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga.
24/10/1989; Concert at Javel Music Hall, Munster, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga.
25/10/1989; Concert at The Docks, Hamburg, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga.
26/10/1989; Concert at Schlachtof, Bremmen, Germany. with Fates Warning & Toranaga.
27/10/1989; Concert at Canal Street, Denderleeuw, Belgium. with Fates Warning & Slammer.
29/10/1989; Concert at Noorderligt, Tilburg, The Netherlands. with Fates Warning.

08/03/1990; Concert at The 99 Club, Seattle, WA, USA. with Forced Entry & Son Of Man.
11/04/1990; Concert at The Riverbed Liesure Center, Reading, England. opening for Saxon, with Excalibur. (Apr. 11th - May 11th; ' The Blessing Tour ').
12/04/1990; Concert at Hammersmith Odeon, London, England. opening for Saxon, with Excalibur.
14/04/1990; Concert at Deutschordenshalle, Heilbrown, Germany. opening for Saxon. Celtic Frost . (C.F. cancelled).
15/04/1990; Concert at Jurahalla, Neumarkt, Germany . opening for Saxon. Celtic Frost . (C.F. cancelled).
16/04/1990; Concert at Scherenberghalle, Germunden, Germany. opening for Saxon, with Celtic Frost Toranaga. (C.F. cancelled).
17/04/1990; Concert at The Metropol, Berlin, Germany. opening for Saxon, with Celtic Frost Toranaga. (C.F. cancelled).
19/04/1990; Concert at Theatrefabrik, Munich, Germany. opening for Saxon.
20/04/1990; Concert at Stadhalle, Cologne, Germany. opening for Saxon, with Toranaga.
21/04/1990; Concert at The Docks, Hamburg, Germany. opening for Saxon.
22/04/1990; Concert at Aladin, Bremen, Germany. opening for Saxon.
23/04/1990; Concert at Blue Moon, Oberhausen, Germany. opening for Saxon.
24/04/1990; Concert at Eberthall, Ludwigshalen, Germany. opening for Saxon, with Toranaga.
25/04/1990; Concert at Eltzer Hof, Mainz, Germany. opening for Saxon, with Toranaga.
26/04/1990; Concert at Outpost, Gottingen, Germany. opening for Saxon.
27/04/1990; Concert at Volkshaus, Zurich, Switzerland. opening for Saxon, with Toranaga.
28/04/1990; Concert at TuS 1860, Neunkirchen, Germany. opening for Saxon.
29/04/1990; Concert at Gorki Park, Senden, Bavaria (Germany). opening for Saxon.
30/04/1990; Concert at Freiheitshalle, Hof, Germany. opening for Saxon.
01/05/1990; Concert at Akzente, Tuttlingen, Germany. opening for Saxon.
02/05/1990; Concert at ??, Brussels, Belgium. cancelled.
02/05/1990; Concert at Rockhaus, Vienna, Austria.
03/05/1990; Concert at ??, Rotterdam, Holland. (rescheduled to 06/05).
03/05/1990; Concert at ??, Graz, Austria.
04/05/1990; Concert at ??, Waalwijk, Holland. cancelled?.
05/05/1990; Concert at ??, Waalwijk, Holland. cancelled.
05/05/1990; Concert at Evenementenhal, Joure, Holland. with Toranaga, Disabuse & Brutal Obscenity.
06/05/1990; Concert at The Marquee, London, England. (rescheduled for 11/05).
06/05/1990; Concert at Nighttown, Rotterdam, Holland. with Toranaga.
08/05/1990; Concert at Noorderligt, Tilburg, Holland. with Toranaga.
11/05/1990; Concert at The Marquee, London, England. with Metallica as surprise guests.
??/??/1990; Metal Church are dropped by Elektra, they appear to spend the rest of the year looking for a new label.
??/??/1990; ' Metal Church ' three song demo recorded, only one makes it to ' The Human Factor '.

26/03/1991; ' The Human Factor' album released.
??/??/1991; ' The Human Factor ' promo single released, exact date unknown but early '91.
18/05/1991; Concert at Dynamo, Eindhoven, Holland. (May 18th - Jul. 6th; 'Metal Church The Tour' )
20/05/1991; Concert at Dynamo Open Air Festival, Eindhoven, Holland. with Primus, Obituary, Armored Saint etc.
22/05/1991; Concert at Nottingham Rock City, Nottingham, England.
23/05/1991; Concert at The Marquee, London, England. with New England.
24/05/1991; Concert at The International II, Manchester, England. with Amnesia.
25/05/1991; Concert at The Venue, Edinburgh, Scotland.
27/05/1991; Concert at Melkweg, Amsterdam, Holland.
29/05/1991; Concert at Paard Van Troje, Den Haag, Holland.
30/05/1991; Concert at Dynamo, Eindhoven, Holland.
31/05/1991; Concert at Biebob, Vosselaar, Belgium.
02/06/1991; Concert at Out/HD, Dossenheim, Germany. with Letter X.
03/06/1991; Concert at Nachtwerk, Munich, Germany. with Letter X.
04/06/1991; Concert at Zeche, Bochum, Germany. with Letter X.
05/06/1991; Concert at Rockfabrik, Ludwigsburg, Germany. with Letter X.
06/06/1991; Concert at Aladin, Bremen, Germany. with Letter X.
??/??/1991; ' A Date With Poverty ' promo single No.2 released, exact date unknown.
??/07/1991; ' In Mourning ' promo single released, late in the year, in time for the ORAR tour?.
09/07/1991; Concert at Salt Palace, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys. (Jul. 9th - Aug. 19th; ' Operation Rock & Roll ' tour).
11/07/1991; Concert at Irvine Meadows, Irvine, CA, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
12/07/1991; Concert at Irvine Meadows, Irvine, CA, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
13/07/1991; Concert at Shoreline Amphitheatre, Mountain View, CA, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
14/07/1991; Concert at Shoreline Amphitheatre, Sacramento, CA, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
16/07/1991; Concert at Red Rocks Amphitheatre, Morrison, CO, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
18/07/1991; Concert at Five Seasons Centre, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
19/07/1991; Concert at Target Centre, Minneapolis, MN, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
20/07/1991; Concert at World Music Theatre, Tinley Park, IL, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
21/07/1991; Concert at Starwood Amphitheatre, Antioch, TN, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
23/07/1991; Concert at USF Sundome, Tampa, FL, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
24/07/1991; Concert at Orlando Arena, Orlando, FL, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
25/07/1991; Concert at Lakewood Amphitheatre, Atlanta, GA, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
27/07/1991; Concert at The Summit, Houston, TX, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
28/07/1991; Concert at Starplex, Dallas, TX, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
30/07/1991; Concert at Paldium Amphitheatre At Carowinds, Charlotte, NC, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
31/07/1991; Concert at Walnut Creek Amphitheatre, Raleigh, NC, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
02/08/1991; Concert at Star Lake Amphitheatre, Burgettstown, PA, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
03/08/1991; Concert at Pine Knob Music Theatre, Clarkston, MI, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
04/08/1991; Concert at Bogart's, Cincinnati, OH, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
06/08/1991; Concert at Deer Creek Music Center, Noblesville, IN, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
07/08/1991; Concert at Richfield Coliseum, Richfield, OH, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
08/08/1991; Concert at Cayuga Fairgrounds, Weedsport, NY, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
09/08/1991; Concert at Meadowlands Arena, East Rutherford, NJ, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
10/08/1991; Concert at The Spectrum, Philadelphia, PA, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
11/08/1991; Concert at Lake Commence, Bristol, CT, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
13/08/1991; Concert at Old Orchards Beach Ballpark, Old Orchard Beach, ME, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
14/08/1991; Concert at Great Woods Amphitheatre, Mansfield, MA, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
15/08/1991; Concert at Capitol Centre, Landover, MD, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
16/08/1991; Concert at Orange County Fairgrounds, Middletown, NY, USA. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
17/08/1991; Concert at Montreal Forum, Montreal, QC, Canada. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
19/08/1991; Concert at CNE Grandstand, Toronto, ON, Canada. opening for Judas Priest, Alice Cooper, Motorhead & Dangerous Toys.
??/??/1991; ' In Harm's Way ' promo single released, exact date unknown. (video released 25/09/91).
19/11/1991; Concert at Moda Hall, Osaka, Japan. (Nov. 19th - 21st; 'Japan Tour' 1991).
20/11/1991; Concert at Club Citta, Kawasaki, Japan.
21/11/1991; Concert at Club Citta, Kawasaki, Japan.

06/06/1992; Concert at Champs De Brionne Music Theatre, George, WA, USA. opening for Heart & Queensryche, with asst.
19/06/1992; Concert at Starwood Amph., Antioch, TX, USA. opening for Metallica. (Jun. 19th - Jul. 5th; ' Schooldaze Revisited ' Tour).
20/06/1992; Concert at Riverport Amph., Maryland Heights, MO, USA. opening for Metallica.
21/06/1992; Concert at Sandstone Amph., Bonner Springs, KS, USA. opening for Metallica.
23/06/1992; Concert at Riverbend Music Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. opening for Metallica.
25/06/1992; Concert at Hardee's Walnut Creek Amph., Raleigh, NC, USA. opening for Metallica.
27/06/1992; Concert at Castle Farms Music Theatre, Charlevoix, MI, USA. opening for Metallica.
28/06/1992; Concert at Buckeye Lake Music Center, Thornville, OH, USA. opening for Metallica.
30/06/1992; Concert at Marcus Amph., Milwaukee, WI, USA. opening for Metallica.
01/07/1992; Concert at World Music Theatre, Tinley Park, IL, USA. opening for Metallica.
03/07/1992; Concert at Blossom Music Center, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA. opening for Metallica.
04/07/1992; Concert at Cayuga County Fairgrounds, Weedsport, NY, USA. opening for Metallica.
05/07/1992; Concert at Allentown Fairgrounds, Allentown, PA, USA. opening for Metallica.
??/??/1992; at some point Metal Church leave Epic, they spend the rest of the year and early '93 looking for a new label.

07/10/1993; ' Hanging In The Balance ' album released.
23/11/1993; Concert at Guffy's House Of Rock, Dayton, OH, USA. (Nov. 23rd - Dec. 4th; 'Hanging In The Balance' U.S. Tour).
29/11/1993; Concert at The Mirage, Minneapolis, MN, USA. with Prodigal Son.
03/12/1993; Concert at Alrosa Villa, Columbus, OH, USA.
04/12/1993; Concert at The Thirsty Whale, River Grove, IL, USA.

09/01/1994; Concert at ??, Nagoya?, Japan. (Jan. 9th - 16th; 'Japan Tour' 1994).
10/01/1994; Concert at ??, Nagoya?, Japan.
12/01/1994; Concert at ??, ??, Japan.
13/01/1994; Concert at Club Citta, Kawasaki, Japan.
14/01/1994; Concert at Club Citta, Kawasaki, Japan.
16/01/1994; Concert at Club Citta, Kawasaki, Japan.
14/04/1994; Concert at Rider's Cafe, Lubeck, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora. (Apr. 14th - May 6th; ' The Balance ' Euro Tour).
15/04/1994; Concert at Gig, Hannover, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
16/04/1994; Concert at Aladin, Bremen, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
17/04/1994; Concert at Markthalle, Hamburg, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
19/04/1994; Concert at Batschkapp, Frankfurt, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
20/04/1994; Concert at Live Music Hall, Cologne, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
21/04/1994; Concert at Cult, Arnsberg, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
22/04/1994; Concert at Biebob, Vosselaar, Belgium. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
23/04/1994; Concert at The Marquee, Berlin, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
24/04/1994; Concert at Rockfabrik, Augsburg, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
26/04/1994; Concert at E-Werk, Erlangen, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
27/04/1994; Concert at Rockfabrik, Ludwigsburg, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
28/04/1994; Concert at Rockclub, Munich, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
29/04/1994; Concert at ??, Leipzig, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
30/04/1994; Concert at Felsenkeller, Bad Langensalza, Germany. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
01/05/1994; Concert at Donsauinsel, Vienna, Austria. with Gotthard, Wicked Maraya & Megora.
03/05/1994; Concert at Chutz, Solothurn, Switzerland. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
04/05/1994; Concert at Effenaar, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
05/05/1994; Concert at Nighttown , Rotterdam, The Netherlands. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
06/05/1994; Concert at Zaal Struik, Heino, The Netherlands. with Wicked Maraya & Megora.
22/10/1994; Concert at Jugendzentrum, Uelzen, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers. (Oct. 22nd - Dec. 6th; ' Ultimate PowerForce ' Tour).
23/10/1994; Concert at GC't Heilaar, Beerse, Belgium. with Vicious Rumours & Killers. (Riot pull out of this tour).
24/10/1994; Concert at Arts & Crafts, New Ulm, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
25/10/1994; Concert at Klangwerk, Aschaffenburg, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
27/10/1994; Concert at Stadhalle, Neunburg Vorm Wald, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
28/10/1994; Concert at Stefan-Hartmann Halle, Tubingen, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
29/10/1994; Concert at Salle Des Fetes, Melun, France. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
30/10/1994; Concert at Kick, Herfold, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
31/10/1994; Concert at The Docks, Hamburg, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
01/11/1994; Concert at Tor 3 Music Hall, Hannover, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
02/11/1994; Concert at Kuspo, Pratteln, Switzerland. with Vicious Rumours & Killers. (moved from Basel).
03/11/1994; Concert at Eishalle Graben, Sierre, Switzerland. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
05/11/1994; Concert at Sala Canceller 2, Madrid, Spain. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
06/11/1994; Concert at Sala Zeleste, Barcelona, Spain. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
07/11/1994; Concert at La Chat Bleu, Bordeaux, France. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
08/11/1994; Concert at Centre Cultural Mirabeau, Marseille, France. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
09/11/1994; Concert at Factory, Milano, Italy. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
11/11/1994; Concert at Circle Degli Artisti, Rome, Italy. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
12/11/1994; Concert at ??, Napoli, Italy. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
14/11/1994; Concert at Rodon Club, Athens, Greece. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
15/11/1994; Concert at Mylos, Thessaloniki, Greece. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
18/11/1994; Concert at Alter Schlacthof, Wels, Austria. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
19/11/1994; Concert at Rockhaus, Vienna, Austria. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
20/11/1994; Concert at Rockhouse Saal, Salzburg, Austria. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
21/11/1994; Concert at ??, Koblenz, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
22/11/1994; Concert at Easy Schorre, Halle, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
23/11/1994; Concert at Alabamahalle, Munich, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
25/11/1994; Concert at Pyramida, Prague, Czechia. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
26/11/1994; Concert at Framus & Warwick Music Hall, Markneukirchen, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
27/11/1994; Concert at ??, Oberhausen, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
29/11/1994; Concert at Capitol, Schwerin, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
30/11/1994; Concert at Huxley's Neue Welt, Berlin, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
01/12/1994; Concert at Music Hall, Cologne, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
02/12/1994; Concert at Emslandhallen, Lingen, Germany. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
03/12/1994; Concert at De Pul, Uden, The Netherlands. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
04/12/1994; Concert at Scum, Katwijk, The Netherlands. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
05/11/1994; Concert at Vrijhof, Enschede, The Netherlands. with Vicious Rumours & Killers.
06/12/1994; Concert at ??, Maastricht, The Netherlands. with Vicious Rumours & Killers . (moved from 5th/cancelled).
??/11/1996; Metal Church split up around Nov. 1996.

??/??/1998; ' Live ' album released, live from 11/07/1986 & asst unknown '86 shows.
??/??/2007; ' Dynamo Classic Concerts 1991 ' live dvd released, live from 20/05/1991.

Metal Church version 8.0 - 499 entries - 468 pictures - 10/12/2023.

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Metal church has been a band I listened to since 1989 when I was 11 lol. The band is amazing and full of energy. The lead singer leaves you in awe from his vocals. The drum set has to be one of the most sophisticated set ups iv seen. The music is sounds so polished and perfect live. I am so happy we went. My 15 yr old son is now a fan. I seen Metal Church with Butcher Babies, Suicidal Tendencies, and Megadeth. Definitely one of the best shows ever.

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What an incredible show! So much energy and musical talent!! The guys gave their all, and we all ate it up!! It was my first time at The Parish Room at House of Blues. It felt like a step back in time. If I had to complain, the stage itself is a bit too small for bands of this caliber, they used the whole thing. Can't wait to see them again!

Metal Church at the Token Lounge in Detroit was absolutely amazing last night. They played something from every album and the return of Mike Howe after 20 years was like they never missed a beat. It was the first time I had been able to see them live and it was well worth the wait exclamation point

Metal Church was awesome. My first time seeing them. Been a fan forever but never been to a show. I will definitely see them again. I would definitel recommend this concert to anyone I talk to. Until the next show.

Kurt, Mike and the boys delivered! It was hard to tell who was happier, the crowd or the band. From their classics like 'Beyond the Black' and 'Date with Poverty' right through to their newest tracks they were amazing.

Metal Church was great. Still sound very good. New songs fit in very well with their classics. Nice to see them up close in a small venue. Highly recommend checking them out.

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Metal Church is a group founded 40 years ago in 1984 in San Francisco, US.

Based on our research data, it appears, that the first Metal Church concert happened 41 years ago on Fri, 04 May 1984 in D & R Theatre - Aberdeen, US and that the last Metal Church concert was 25 days ago on Wed, 27 Mar 2024 in Théâtre Fairmount - Montreal, Canada.

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Metal Church announce March 2024 North American Tour

by Zenae Zukowski | Dec 20, 2023 | News , Touring | 0 comments

Photo Credit: Rat Pak Records

Metal Church will hit the road in March 2024 for a headlining North American tour, promoting their latest album, Congregation of Annihilation .

Tour Dates:

03/20 Burlington, VT @ Higher Ground

03/21 Derry, NH @ Tupelo Music Hall

03/22 New Bedford, MA @ The Vault Music Hall

03/23 Reading, PA @ Reverb

03/24 Clifton, NJ @ Dingbatz

03/26 Quebec City, QC @ La Source De La Martiniere

03/27 Montreal, QC @ Fairmount Theatre

03/28 Ottawa, ON @ Brass Monkey

03/29 Toronto, ON @ The Rock Pile

03/30 Lakewood, OH @ The Winchester

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Metal Church "Generation Nothing" marks the bands 10th full length studio release and boasts the return to the band's classic metal sound, says founding member Kurdt Vanderhoof, "It has elements of both the first album and the "The Dark", but still embraces the new sound of the band without chasing the past." Born out of the West Coast Metal scene in the 80's, Metal Church quickly became one of the standout talents of their genre. The band's first release simply entitled "Metal Church" postured the band as one of the pioneers of the thrash/metal scene, while their sophomore release "The Dark” was championed as one of the premier metal releases of the 80's. Now with the current band’s line up, Kurdt Vanderhoof (guitar), Ronny Munroe (vox), Jeff Plate (drums), Rick Van Zandt (guitar) and Steve Unger on bass, "Generation Nothing" combines the best elements of the band’s early roots with modern day lyrical content and a revived hunger that delivers an electric assault of anthemic & epic metal songs! Videos for "Generation Nothing" and "Dead City" are currently in the post production stage and a world tour is in the works for 2014.

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Metal Chruch On The Road

Metal Church has announced a North American tour to promote its latest album, “Congregation Of Annihilation.”

The band’s thirteenth album is the first to feature vocalist Marc Lopes, who joined in the summer of ’22 as the replacement of the late Mike Howe.

“We’re gonna be touring all year,” said Lopes. “And then the plan is right now to go and do the next record at the end of the year.

Metal Church Tour Dates:

Mar. 20 – Burlington, VT – Higher Ground Mar. 21 – Derry, NH – Tupelo Music Hall Mar. 22 – New Bedford, MA – The Vault Music Hall Mar. 23 – Reading, PA – Reverb Mar. 24 – Clifton, NJ – Dingbatz Mar. 26 – Quebec City, QC – La Source De La Martiniere Mar. 27 – Montreal, QC – Fairmount Theatre Mar. 28 – Ottawa, ON – Brass Monkey Mar. 29 – Toronto, ON – The Rock Pile Mar. 30 – Lakewood, OH – The Winchester

Ticket Information

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METAL CHURCH Announces June/July 2023 U.S. Tour

West Coast metal veterans METAL CHURCH will embark on a U.S. tour in June. They will be hitting the road in support of their 13th studio album, "Congregation Of Annihilation" , which will arrive on May 26 via Rat Pak Records (America) and Reaper Entertainment (Europe).

METAL CHURCH U.S. tour dates:

June 03 - Reggies - Chicago, IL June 04 - The Token Lounge - Westland, MI June 22 - Purchase St Records (Album Signing/Meet & Greet] - New Bedford, MA June 23 - The Vault Music Hall - New Bedford, MA June 24 - The Vault Music Hall - New Bedford, MA June 25 - Asbury Lanes - Asbury Park, NJ June 28 - Saint Vitus - Brooklyn, NY June 29 - Tupelo Music Hall - Derry, NH June 30 - Reverb - Reading, PA July 01 - The Chance - Poughkeepsie, NY

"Congregation Of Annihilation" marks the first release since the tragic death of legendary frontman Mike Howe who passed in July of 2021. It also marks the first album with new vocalist Marc Lopes ( ROSS THE BOSS , LET US PREY ) who came on board in the summer of 2022, and features the current lineup of founding guitarist Kurdt Vanderhoof , guitarist Rick Van Zandt , bassist Steve Unger and drummer Stet Howland . The new songs are a return to the band's musical roots harkening back to the vibes of the self-titled first album and "The Dark" . "Congregation Of Annihilation" was produced by Vanderhoof and is now available for pre-order in various bundle configurations.

Vanderhoof comments: "This new album is starting a new chapter in the METAL CHURCH legacy. I really love this album. It's a fresh approach for us in one way, but also a return to the very beginnings of METAL CHURCH as part of the New American Thrash Metal movement. This record contains some of the most aggressive songs we have recorded. I hope the fans will like it as much as we do."

Lopes adds: "I am beyond honored to be part of carrying on this legacy into a new era of METAL CHURCH . Working with Kurdt and a band that was a huge influence of mine growing up was a surreal experience, to say the least. For me there was no point in trying to imitate what was already done to perfection. So, with respect to the past, we moved forward to a new chapter and here we are!"

"Congregation Of Annihilation" features nine all new tracks from METAL CHURCH and continues to build upon their iconic sound the band established over three decades ago. Infused with intelligent lyrical content, thundering guitar riffs, and Marc 's aggressive soaring vocals, "Congregation Of Annihilation" furthers the bands sonic evolution up to the next level and is guaranteed to enthrall metal music fans around the world. From the first guitar riff of album opener "Another Judgement Day" through the driving outro of album closer "All That We Destroy" , it is clear METAL CHURCH is back and better than ever. "Congregation Of Annihilation" , "Children Of The Lie" and "These Violent Thrills" showcase the sonically charged songwriting that made the early METAL CHURCH albums such fan favorites. Haunting musical opuses "Me The Nothing" and "Making Monsters" each puts the musicianship that METAL CHURCH was known for on full display in 2023. The album also features two bonus tracks: "My Favorite Sin" and "Salvation" .

In a recent interview with Chris Akin Presents , Lopes spoke about the inevitable barrage of criticism that he will receive as a result of stepping into the role previously occupied by Howe , David Wayne and Ronny Munroe . He said: "Being in ROSS THE BOSS [the band led by former MANOWAR guitarist Ross 'The Boss' Friedman ], I have faced so much stupid bullshit from fans, from MANOWAR fans. At the beginning, it bothered me, years back. Now I can give two shits; I don't fucking care. Because, you know what? If you fucking start worrying about what other people think, you'll never get anywhere. And the way I look at it is, it's, like, look, if you like it, great. If you don't, then fucking go somewhere else. I don't really give a shit. I know that I'm giving it everything that I have to do it and make it sound as best as possible. And if you don't like it, why am I gonna sit here and try to fucking satisfy you ? I don't fucking care. I mean, obviously, if everybody fucking hates it, then probably I shouldn't do the gig. But with much respect to the METAL CHURCH community, they've been amazing; they love this new stuff.

"I've gotta be honest — the anticipation is insane, and it's making me more… I'm definitely nervous," Marc admitted. "But at the same time, I'm, like, look, I've gotta go out and do my thing. And the reason that I was put in charge of doing this new era of the band was because I am putting my own spin on it. Am I gonna sound like David Wayne ? Maybe in some aspects. Am I gonna sound like Mike Howe ? Maybe in some aspects. Am I gonna sound like Marc Lopes ? Abso-fucking-lutely. And that's really what it comes down to.

"If this is my era of the band, then I have to do what I do best. Trying to imitate it isn't gonna do anybody any good. And the funny thing is, Ronny Munroe is amazing — he's a great vocalist — and he sounded more like David Wayne than me.

"I've gotta be honest: at first, I was, like, 'Fuck, man. How am I gonna do this?' [Then I was, like], 'Wait a minute. You're already approaching it wrong.' Kurdt would always be, like, 'You're already approaching it wrong.'

"Those guys are not imitatable because they are who they are… And Ronny has his own style too, and the stuff that he did was great. It just was a weird era for the band, I think, in the totality part of it…

"I already know there are gonna be the haters," Marc added. "And I don't care. And for those people — if you wanna waste your time with that kind of shit, then go for it. There's way more things to spend time on in life than being out there going, 'I hate this.' It's kind of ridiculous.

"The biggest joke is I'm a huge IRON MAIDEN fan and I never liked the Blaze Bayley era. And we always used to joke about it. I was, like, I'm a huge MAIDEN fan. Do I spend my time going, 'Oh my God. I hate that. And I hate this.' It's, like, why? I don't listen to it. [ Laughs ] Not everybody's gonna like everything you do. It's just the way it is."

Howe was found dead at his home in Eureka, California in July 2021. According to TMZ , Howe 's official cause of death was determined to be asphyxia due to hanging. A spokesperson for the Humboldt County Sheriff's Dept. told the site authorities are calling it a suicide. He was only 55 years old.

When Mike 's death was first announced, TMZ stated that cops in Eureka got a call just after 10 a.m. on July 26, 2021 reporting an unexpected death at a home. By the time deputies arrived, they found Howe dead at the scene.

According to police, drugs and alcohol are not believed to be factors in the death and no controlled substances or paraphernalia were located at the scene.

Four days after Howe 's death, the surviving members of METAL CHURCH shared a statement on social media in which they blamed his suicide on the fact that he "was victimized by a failing health-care system and subsequently poisoned by the venom of Big Pharma," a term which refers collectively to the global pharmaceutical industry. "In short and in essence, he fell prey to the real 'Fake Healer'."

METAL CHURCH 's statement was quickly met with criticism from some of the band's fans who felt that the long-running metal act was using Howe 's death as a platform to assert its political views. As a result, METAL CHUCH pulled its original post from social media and replaced it with a revised version, in which the musicians said they were "in no way, shape or form referring to anything in relation to vaccinations, COVID or politics. We were saying our brother was hurting and while he was seeking medical care for it, the treatments he was utilizing did not protect him," they wrote. "Otherwise, he would still be with us today."

Howe , who fronted METAL CHURCH from 1988 until 1994, officially rejoined the band in April 2015.

Prior to joining METAL CHURCH more than three decades ago, Howe spent two years fronting California metal act HERETIC .

The reunion between Mike and METAL CHURCH was put in motion in July of 2014 when Mike started working with Vanderhoof on a side project Kurdt was forming with Nigel Glockler from SAXON . Through these initial conversations, Kurdt convinced Mike to ultimately return to METAL CHURCH . The idea was to see if they could recapture some of the magic from the three albums METAL CHURCH released in the late '80s: "The Human Factor" , "Blessing In Disguise" and "Hanging In The Balance" . Out of those sessions, 2016's "XI" was born and captured the sound that made the band fan favorites in the '80s and mixed it with a new, invigorated sound.

METAL CHURCH 's latest release was "From The Vault" , which arrived in April 2020 via Rat Pak Records . The effort was a special-edition compilation album that featured 14 previously unreleased songs from the Howe era, including four newly recorded studio tracks, among them a redux of the band's fan favorite classic "Conductor" .

Howe is not the first singer of METAL CHURCH to die. David Wayne passed away in May 2005 from complications following a car crash. He was 47 years old.

Wayne sang on METAL CHURCH 's first two classic offerings (1984's "Metal Church" and 1986's "The Dark" ) before leaving the group and being replaced by Howe .

Left to right in photo: Stet Howland (drums), Steve Unger (bass), Marc Lopes (vocals), Rick Van Zandt (guitars), Kurdt Vanderhoof (guitars)

Photo credit: Rat Pak Records

Posted by Metal Church on Monday, May 1, 2023

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METAL CHURCH Announce US Tour Dates

May 1, 2023, 11 months ago

news heavy metal metal church

West coast thrash metal veterans, Metal Church, have announced US tour dates in support of their upcoming 13th studio album, Congregation Of Annihilation, out May 26 via Rat Pak Records (America) and Reaper Entertainment (Europe).

June 3 - Reggies - Chicago, IL 4 - The Token Lounge - Westland, MI 22 - Purchase St Records (Album Signing/Meet & Greet] - New Bedford, MA 23 - The Vault Music Hall - New Bedford, MA 24 - The Vault Music Hall - New Bedford, MA 25 - Asbury Lanes - Asbury Park, NJ 28 - Saint Vitus - Brooklyn, NY 29 - Tupelo Music Hall - Derry, NH 30 - Reverb - Reading, PA

July 1 - The Chance - Poughkeepsie, NY

Congregation Of Annihilation features nine all new tracks from Metal Church and continues to build upon their iconic sound the band established over three decades ago. Infused with intelligent lyrical content, thundering guitar riffs, and Marc’s aggressive soaring vocals, Congregation Of Annihilation furthers the bands sonic evolution up to the next level and is guaranteed to enthrall metal music fans around the world.

From the first guitar riff of album opener “Another Judgement Day” through the driving outro of album closer “All That We Destroy,” it is clear Metal Church is back and better than ever. “Congregation Of Annihilation,” “Children Of The Lie” and “These Violent Thrills” showcase the sonically charged songwriting that made the early Metal Church albums such fan favorites.

Haunting musical opuses “Me the Nothing” and “Making Monsters” each puts the musicianship that Metal Church was known for on full display in 2023. The album also features two bonus tracks: “My Favorite Sin” and “Salvation”.

Pre-order here .

Congregation Of Annihilation tracklisting:

"Another Judgement Day" "Congregation Of Annihilation" "Pick A God And Prey" "Children Of The Lie" "Me The Nothing" "Making Monsters" "Say A Prayer With 7 Bullets" "These Violent Thrills" "All That We Destroy" "My Favorite Sin" (Bonus Track) "Salvation" (Bonus Track)

“Making Monsters” visualizer:

"Pick A God And Prey" lyric video:

Born out of the West Coast Metal scene of the 80's, Metal Church quickly became one of the standout talents of the genre. After signing a deal with Elektra records, they released two critically acclaimed albums, their self-titled release Metal Church and The Dark. With the heavy metal scene starting to rise in the US, Metal Church set out on a very successful tour with label mates Metallica. They tackled political and social issues of the day with the releases of Blessing In Disguise and The Human Factor with vocalist Mike Howe.

At a time when heavy metal bands moved from the underground and became part of the hair band/pop fad, Metal Church stayed true to their roots. In March of 2016, Metal Church reunited with Mike Howe and released their eleventh studio album XI that reached #57 on the Billboard Top 200 and landed on several other charts around the globe. Metal Church’s next studio album Damned If You Do was the follow up to XI and landed on numerous charts around the globe in 2018. Now with Marc Lopes taking over vocal duties, Metal Church is ready to start a new chapter in their impressive canon with Congregation Of Annihilation.

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METAL CHURCH Announces June/July 2023 U.S. Tour

West Coast metal veterans METAL CHURCH will embark on a U.S. tour in June. They will be hitting the road in support of their 13th studio album, "Congregation Of Annihilation", which will arrive on May 26 via Rat Pak Records (America) and Reaper Entertainment (Europe).

July 1 - The Chance - Poughkeepsie, NY

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A History of Moscow in 13 Dishes

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The Kremlin: Moscow’s Historical Heart Through the Ages

Published: December 3, 2021

The Moscow Kremlin has long been the main symbol of Moscow and Russia – and for good reason. It was with the Kremlin that city of Moscow officially began and from which it grew. The Prince of Moscow, ruling from the Kremlin and drawing on the growing power of his city, united and conquered the cities and lands around him to create Russia.

While the Kremlin can be seen as something of a constant in Russian history, the Kremlin itself has seen major changes within its walls and to its own status. It has lost and gained buildings. It has changed from the seat of government to an ancillary structure, back to the governmental seat, and finally to a museum complex.

The resource below unites the work of multiple SRAS students writing on Home and Abroad , Challenge Grants , and Online Research Internships to bring you an overarching view of this iconic complex.

The Kremlin Walls

By Hudson Dobbs

The Kremlin was first established in 1156 by Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy. This post-dates the first mention of Moscow, which dates back to 1147, when Prince Dolgorukiy invited Prince Sviatoslav of Chernigov to Moscow to celebrate their alliance.

The actual site of this stronghold has likely been occupied since the second millennium BCE. It likely had fortifications built there as early as the 10th century, by the then-resident Vyatichi, a tribe of Slavic peoples.

Eventually, Prince Dolgorukiy ordered the construction of what would become the Kremlin walls. These first walls were tall and expansive and built out of wood. Although this structure was built for protection, it also served as a symbol for the power and strength of the new city of Moscow.

While the first walls did their job well, they were eventually burnt down by Tatar-Mongol forces and later upgraded to more fire-resistant oak in 1339. As the city grew, the Kremlin also further developed, and with it the popularity of building fortresses in town centers. Cities such as Smolensk, Kazan, Novgorod, and Pskov all constructed a Kremlin of their own. In fact, the word “kremlin” simply means “a fortress within a city.”

Kremlin Moscow History First Kremlin Plan

By the 13th century, the Kremlin housed the political and spiritual power of the state, with residences, workshops, churches, and state buildings all residing within its walls. In the 1360’s, Prince Dmitry Donskoy rebuilt the walls in limestone and a gleaming white Kremlin soon became the iconic image of Moscow. These walls were credited in helping the city defend itself from sieges by Grand Duke Algirdas of Lithuania in the late 1360’s.

The walls and towers that exist today are still another iteration, and were built on the order of Grand Prince Ivan III, also known as Ivan the Great, from 1485 to 1495. Ivan wanted to build something grander and more worthy of being his residence – something that would be comparable to Constantinople in terms of size and importance.

Wanting what would be specifically a “Third Rome,” Ivan invited Italian architects such as Aristotele Fioravanti and Pietro Antonio Solari. Their involvement is why the current fortress closely resembles castles of Northern Italy. Its red brick made the Kremlin unique for the time, as it was the first structure in Russia built from such material.

These brick walls have stood, with minor adjustments, since that time. One noticeable change came in the late 1600s, when Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich ordered the red brick to be whitewashed in limestone, returning it to gleaming white the city had been hitherto known for. Eventually, the whitewash stopped being maintained and was allowed to wear off, a process that was complete by the 1900s.

Grand Kremlin Palace Tour

By Jack Fisher

Formerly the Moscow residence of the Russian tsars, the Grand Kremlin Palace (not to be confused with the State Kremlin Palace) is a complex inside the Kremlin. It now hosts diplomatic meetings and official state ceremonies including presidential inaugurations. It is also designated as a residence of the President of the Russian Federation, but is rarely used for that purpose.

When SRAS gave me the opportunity to take an exclusive tour of this complex, which is an exclusive tour that is normally off-limits to the general public, I had to take it.

This particular tour is different from those that cover the more public areas inside the Kremlin and requires signing up early and submitting your documents for a security check.

I met the tour group on a Friday afternoon in Aleksandrovski Sad, which borders the Kremlin walls. From there, we made our way towards the Kremlin grounds entrance. There was a huge line to get into the grounds through a first security checkpoint, but we were able to skip straight to the front of it since we had registered for our tour ahead of time. Once we were through the gate, the crowd thinned out significantly.

As we walked through the Kremlin grounds, we saw other tour groups taking photos of the landscaping, palace, and other historical buildings. Unlike us, they didn’t have the permission of the Russian government to enter the actual palace. When we got to the palace, we walked through the front doors, crossed a second security checkpoint, met our guide, and started the tour.

Our tour guide inside the building was a woman that worked in preservation. She only spoke Russian, so everything was translated for us by an SRAS-hired guide to English. We began on the first floor of the newer section of the palace and saw several ornate living rooms and guest rooms, followed by the empress’s and emperor’s chambers. Unfortunately, we weren’t allowed to see the emperor’s office and bathroom as President Putin had decided to use them as his personal study for the remainder of his time in office.

After the first floor, we headed upstairs to the second. From the outside the palace appeared to have three floors, but in reality the second floor just had massive, vaulted ceilings and two levels of windows. From what I saw, the second floor seemed to be where the fun happened. The first major room we walked into was the Hall of the Order of St. George, built to house major military meetings and balls and today used as a large conference room. There were names of famous military officers and soldiers inscribed on the walls, and the hall looked like it could hold hundreds of guests. Then it was on to the Hall of the Order of St. Vladimir, which was way less cool. It did, however, have the largest chandelier in the palace, for what that’s worth.

Next, we moved into the oldest section of the palace. It was built in the late 1400s and the newer sections of the palace were built out to connect with it. Our guide told us that by the time of the last czars, the older section was used strictly for ceremonial purposes. The walls were covered with paintings of historical rulers and religious figures. It was definitely my favorite room as there seemed to be an aura of timelessness hanging about the place.

Then we went back through the Hall of the Order of St. Vladimir and through another hall to the older bedchamber of the czar and an older, smaller meeting room for the czar and his nobles. This section was markedly different as there was none of the opulence of the newer palace. It had a utilitarian feel due to its practical layout with comfortable but plain looking chairs, reasonably sized paintings, low ceilings and large traditional Russian stoves.

Finally, we visited the throne room. It was massive, just like the Hall of the Order of St. George, and had polished stone and gilding everywhere. Unfortunately, it was a reconstruction. Our guide let us know that the soviets had torn it apart when they came to power, creating what looked like a massive classroom to house the first meetings of the Soviet Congress. The Russian government had restored it completely within the past decade. She also let us know that the current heir to the Russian throne is Prince Harry of England, which is an interesting fact I’ve been surprising Brits with lately.

On our way out, we exited through a portrait hall. Most of the portraits were typical Enlightenment and Victorian era paintings with stuffy looking people. However, one painting caught my eye: the portrait of Knyaz Sbyatoclav. The man looked absolutely hardcore (and you can see him below in a photo I took).

In my opinion, it was definitely worth $75. While I wouldn’t go twice, the fact of the matter is that you get to see the inside of a beautiful building and stand in rooms that very powerful people meet in and have met in for hundreds of years – which is an opportunity that few regular people are given. Don’t think that it’s too expensive, because you’ll have the experience and memory with you for the rest of your life.

The Kremlin Without a Capital (1712-1918)

By Lee Sullivan

The Kremlin has always been a symbol of Russian power and authority. It is often used interchangeably with the Russian state in journalism and academic literature. This is not surprising considering the Kremlin is situated in the heart of Moscow and has typically housed Russian rulers and their offices – and continues to contain an official residence and office for Russian president Vladimir Putin. However, not all of Russia’s leaders have always called the Moscow fortress home. This article covers the nearly 200 years of Kremlin history when Moscow was not the capital.

Peter the Great moved Russia’s capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 1712. Despite the continued crowning of tsars in the Annunciation Cathedral and symbols of power in the Kremlin vaults, Moscow’s role in state life was minimal compared to that of the new capital. This changed when a new stage of construction began under Catherine the Great. Even though St. Petersburg was the new capital, she was crowned in Moscow following ancient tradition. A commission to replace the code of laws from Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich’s time was called in Moscow and its session was held in the Kremlin’s Faceted Palace. This was a sign that under Catherine the Great the state would be ruled from both St. Petersburg and Moscow. Additionally, the Senate was divided into departments under Catherine. Four were in St. Petersburg and two were in the newly commissioned Senate Building, which still stands in the Moscow Kremlin.

Catherine additionally planned a grand reconstruction of the Kremlin interior, one that would have seen most of its buildings demolished, save for the historic cluster of churches, and replaced with modern imperial architecture built with long, straight roads, much like St. Petersburg itself. Demolition was started, including to parts of the original Kremlin walls, when cracks began to appear in one of the cathedral walls due to the resulting disruption of the soil. Because of this, and because of the project’s already enormous cost, it was cancelled, and the original walls re-built.

Kremlin Moscow History Catherine the Great

In September of 1812, French troops occupied Moscow. Napoleon, who led them, planned to occupy the Kremlin as his residence. It is widely thought that in defense against the French, the Moscow mayor ordered fires be set across the city. They raged for days so and were so intense that Napoleon was forced to leave the Kremlin due to the smoke. Upon returning he declared an intention to remain in the Kremlin for winter and ordered additional fortification of the Kremlin walls. However, the French army was weakening due to battle loss and poor supply.

Napoleon ordered his troops to retreat and blow up the Kremlin in the process. Mines were laid but their effectiveness was reduced by rain and prompt Muscovite response. Still, considerable damage was done, including to the Vodozvodnaya Tower, which was completely destroyed.

The Kremlin quickly underwent restoration under Tsar Alexander I and Nicolas I. Despite the war’s considerable drain on state funding, Tsar Alexander I prioritized restoring many parts of the Kremlin including towers, walls, palaces, and cathedrals. He often traveled to Moscow to observe the restoration progress. Many of Russia’s best architects were included in the restoration efforts. Order was progressively restored to the Kremlin and new gardens, now called the Alexander Gardens, were laid out along its exterior. Buildings like the Senate were brought back to their original appearance.

Restoration was completed under Nicholas I, who gave special attention to the restoration of ancient Kremlin churches and other old buildings. He also commissioned the construction of new buildings like the Great Kremlin Palace, after having the old one demolished. The entire imperial family attended the palace blessing during an official ceremony in April 1849. It was constructed and designed with techniques that were ahead of their time – vaulted construction for walls and ceilings, inlaid stone floors, and iron rafters.

Kremlin Moscow History 1850 Cathedral Square

Shortly after the revolution, the Communists restored Moscow as the official capital in 1918 when Moscow was reinstated as Russia’s capital. Construction and restoration were completed by the mid-19 th century. During the Soviet years, the Kremlin housed Soviet leaders and saw the development and then dissolution of the Soviet state. Today the Kremlin stands in Russia’s capital as a unique architectural ensemble.

The Kremlin Under the Soviets

The new Bolshevik government made sweeping changes to the historic Kremlin complex to, as they saw it, better represent the character of the new socialist state.

During the revolution of November 1917, the Kremlin was ransacked, leaving it with broken glass, destroyed icons, and parts of the complex in disrepair. Restoration of the walls and towers began in 1918, but further restoration stalled for lack of funding and because the communists had not yet decided on a plan for their changes to their seat of government.

The first targets were churches and royal symbols. Nuns and monks who had long lived in the Kremlin were removed. Churches had valuables removed and transferred to the new Commissariat of Finances to fund state projects. Many royal treasures and even crown jewels were similarly transferred. The double-headed eagles on the top of the buildings were promptly removed.

Moscow Kremlin History Chudov Monastery 1917

Many buildings were repurposed. Initially, many were converted to housing for Communist functionaries as the revolution and war had depleted Moscow’s housing stock while driving immigration from the countryside to the city. At one point, over two thousand people lived inside the Kremlin. By 1939, however, Kremlin residents consisted of only about three dozen high ranking officials.

Other notable repurposings included turning the Palace of Facets into a canteen with its kitchen inside the Tsarina’s Golden Chamber. The Ivan the Great Bell Tower was turned into a workshop, the Small Nicholas Palace became a worker’s club, and a gym was placed in the Church of St. Catherine. In 1932, the Andrew and Alexander Halls within the palace were gutted to make room for a party congress.

Many of the buildings and statues within the complex were destroyed, often to make way for new construction; only 26 of the original 54 buildings survived the Soviet period. The Chudov Monastery and Ascension Convent were both destroyed to make way for a military academy and eventually the Kremlin Presidium was built on the ground to house the Supreme Soviet, the supreme legislative body of the USSR.

In 1929, the Maly Nikolaevsky Palace, a former royal residence, was replaced by a new administrative building.

In the 1920s, the Russian royals buried in the Archangel Cathedral on the Kremlin’s Cathedral Square were exhumed and autopsied. They and the items in their sarcophagi were turned over to the Kremlin museum. Some valuable artifacts were requisitioned to the state treasury.

In 1935, five stars of rubied glass replaced the double-headed eagles that once topped the Kremlin gate towers.

Throughout WWII, the Kremlin was disguised under mock construction and painted roofs. Despite this, several bombs still fell on the Kremlin grounds, but did not cause major damage.

In 1947, Stalin painted the Kremlin walls red in an unmistakable ode to socialism, a drastic change from the traditional white that the walls had carried for centuries.

In 1955, the Kremlin opened to the public as an open air museum. In that same year, a ban on living in the Kremlin was introduced, lessening any security risk opening it to the public might create.

The last wave of demolitions came in 1958-1961, when the Palace of Congresses, built to house the congresses of Communist Party and cultural events, replaced the Old Amoury and part of the Patriarch’s Palace.

In part due to the outcry from this massive renovation, greater care of the Kremlin grounds began. The official Kremlin museum system was established in 1966, and Elena Gagarin, daughter of Yuri Gagarin, was hired as museum director. Today, that system includes the large armoury, several churches, and items outside of the Kremlin, such as St. Basil’s Cathedral.

The changes made during the Soviet period have left the Kremlin with a striking architectural contrast between traditional, tsarist-era architecture with Soviet-style buildings and the iconic, ancient red walls and remaining cathedrals. Despite the destruction and changes that were carried out, the compound still offers an unforgettable look into Russian and Soviet history that is impossible to get from anywhere else.

The Kremlin Stars

Translated by Caroline Barrow

The following was originally posted to the the Russian 7 website . It has been translated here by SRAS Home and Abroad Translation Scholar Caroline Barrow. Additional edits and updates were applied in 2021.

On October 24, 1935, two long-standing symbols of the Russian monarchy—the two-headed eagles which stood on top of the Kremlin towers, were ordered to be brought down and replaced with five-pointed stars.

Why a five-pointed star became the symbol of the Soviet regime is unknown, but what is known is that Lev Trotsky supported this symbol. Greatly fascinated by the esoteric, he knew that stars and pentagrams have a strong energetic potential and are one of the strongest symbols. The swastika could have easily become the symbol of the new government, since it had a strong following in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. Swastikas were displayed on the currency of the temporary government led by Alexander Kerensky, and swastikas were painted on the walls of Empress Alexandra Fedrovna’s Ipatiev House before the royal family was executed there. This swastika trend was stopped almost solely by Trotsky and the Bolsheviks, who opted for the five-pointed star. The history of the twentieth century even showed that stars are stronger than swastikas… Stars shone over the Kremlin, in the place of two-headed eagle.

Erecting the thousand-kilogram stars on the Kremlin towers was not a simple thing to do. The problem was that the needed technology did not exist in 1935. The smallest of the Kremlin Towers, Borovitskaya, rose to 52 meters, and the tallest tower, Troitskaya, reached a height of 72 meters. Throughout the country, there were no tower cranes capable of reaching these heights. However, for Russian engineers, the word “no” did not exist, only the phrase “we must.” Engineers designed and built special cranes that could be installed on the upper deck for each tower. A metal base, called the console, was mounted at the base of each turret window, and on each console the engineers mounted a lifting crane. Thus, the process occurred in several stages: first the two-headed eagles were dismantled, and second, the stars erected.

Each star weighs about one ton. Given the height at which the stars would be placed and the fact that each star has a surface area of 6.3 square meters (potentially excellent for catching the wind), there was a danger that the stars might be blown away along with the top of the towers. So, it was decided to stress test the towers and, it turns out, with good reason: the upper part of each tower and its console was completely destroyed in the process. So, builders reinforced the masonry at the upper levels of the towers, and for the Spasskaya, Troitskaya, and Borovitskaya Tower, metal bracing was added to the base of the tower. The console on Nikolskaya Tower was so damaged that it had to be completely rebuilt.

All the stars were not made identical; four stars differ from one another in their artistic forms. On the Spasskaya Tower star, rays go out from the center. However, on Troitskaya Tower’s star, the rays look like spikes. The star on Borovitskaya Tower is made up of two contours, one inscribed in the other, and, finally, the rays on Nikolskaya Tower’s star have no pattern. In terms of length, the Spasskaya and Nikolskaya Towers were similar, with the distance between the ends of the rays being about 4.5 meters. On Troitskaya and Borovitskaya Towers, the star rays were shorter, and the distance between the ends of the rays was less, measuring 4 and 3.4 meters, respectively.

A star is good, but a spinning star is twice as nice. Moscow is large, its people many, and all must see the Kremlin stars. For the base of each star, special bearings were produced by the First Bearing Plant. These special bearings allow the stars to rotate with the wind even despite their significant weight. Consequently, it is possible to know the direction of the wind given the position of the stars.

Installation of the Kremlin Stars was a true celebration for Muscovites. The stars were not carried under the cover of night to Red Square. The day before the stars were placed on the towers they were put on display in Gorky Park. District and City Secretaries of the Communist Party came together with the ordinary mortals below to see the stars. The stars were lit from the outside to make the Ural stones shine and the rays sparkle. The eagles, taken off the towers, were also displayed to visually demonstrate the dilapidation of the “old” world and the beauty of the “new” world.

The Kremlin stars were not always ruby glass. The first stars, installed in October, 1935, were made from high-alloy stainless steel and red copper. In the center of each star, on both sides, the stars were embedded with precious stones outlining the hammer and sickle emblem. Over the course of a year, the glitter of the gems dimmed. The stars were also found to be too big, not fitting well with the architectural ensemble. In May, 1937, it was decided to install new, illuminated glass ruby stars. Also, they added a star to a fifth tower, the Vodovzvodnaya Tower. The ruby glass was produced at a factory in the city of Konstantinov, according to the method of the Moscovite glassmaker, N. I. Kurochkina. It was necessary to prepare 500 square meters of ruby glass, and for that, a new type was invented—selenium ruby glass. Before that, gold was used to color the glass; selenium was cheaper and produced a deeper color.

The Kremlin stars don’t only rotate, they also light up. In order not to overheat and cause damage, about 600 cubic meters of air is blown through the stars per hour. The stars are not affected by power outages, because they have their own, independent generators.

For the original lighting, the Moscow Electrical Lamp Plant produced the lights for the stars. The stars on Spasskaya, Troitskaya, and Nikolskaya Towers all had 5000-watt bulbs, and the other two operated at 3700 watts. In each star, two parallel filaments were installed. That way, if one burned out, the other filament still shone and a control panel is was notified of the burnout.

To change a bulb, one need not need to climb up to the star. Rather, the bulb comes down on a special rod that runs straight through the bearing. The whole process takes 30-35 minutes. In the stars’ history, the stars stopped shining only twice—once during the war, and another time for the filming of the now-classic movie The Barber of Siberia .

Kremlin History Moscow Stars Construction

Editorial Note: Update 2021. Starting in 2015, the lighting of the Kremlin stars was updated with one star’s lighting system replaced each year. The old incandescent lamps were replaced with modern metal halide lamps. These lamps are approximately four times more energy efficient than the old bulbs and provide a more intense, higher-quality light. Metal halide lamps are often used for sports stadiums and other places where strong, high-quality light is needed.

In preparation for this switch, Employees of the Central Scientific and Restoration Design Workshops (TsNRPM) measured the illumination of each arm of each star separately to make sure that each would still be lit evenly and brightly. They also created models of the stars lit with various methods including LED matrices and optical fiber. In the end, metal halide was determined to be the closest in historical appearance to the existing incandescent lamps.

Within this update, each star was also given its first compressive maintenance since 1946. Damaged panes were replaced, the stars were cleaned inside and out, and the lubricants within the rotation system were replaced with modern fluids.

The State Kremlin Palace

By Benjamin Bradley Mulick

Finished in 1961 after three years of work, the Palace of Congresses, later renamed as the State Kremlin Palace (not to be confused with the Grand Kremlin Palace), opened its doors for the first time for the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, welcoming thousands of party delegates as well as communist leaders from around the world. Today, it is still the Kremlin’s newest building and a multipurpose facility, housing large conventions, cultural displays from around the world and even its own ballet troupe. With these functions giving it continued purpose, the Kremlin’s most modern and out of place building is also one of its most significant.

The Kremlin State Palace stands out from the gilded, pastel buildings around it with its hulking angular lines, and large windows divided by tall marble columns. It’s crowned by a glass banquet hall, which was the brainchild of Khrushchev himself.

It features three main halls: The Great Hall, the Small Hall, and the Diplomatic Hall. The Great Hall is the largest, featuring the palace’s main stage and hosting its most important events. With a seating capacity of six thousand, it is where party congresses were held, and where some of Russia’s most prominent cultural programs take place today. The Small Hall hosts smaller musical performances, and by virtue of having removable seating, also hosts dance events, such as the World Cup of Latin American Dance, as held in June of 2021. The Diplomatic Hall provides a smaller and more intimate setting in which to enjoy performances. Last but not least, the Diplomatic Hall often hosts lesser-known artists, often performing genres that do best in closer settings, such as jazz and folk.

The facility also holds many smaller meeting rooms, intended as breakout rooms for conventions, but also used for various purposes today.

The construction of the State Kremlin Palace came with considerable controversy. Not only is it stylistically wildly inconsistent with the rest of the Kremlin’s buildings, one of Russia’s most oldest and most important historical ensembles, but it also resulted in the destruction of several older buildings to make ways for the Palace’s massive presence.

The demolished buildings included the Old Kremlin Armory Building, originally built in 1851 to house the Kremlin’s ceremonial guard and a collection of state documents and treasure. The northern wing of the Patriarchal Chambers was torn down, formerly part of the private quarters of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Because these were officially designated historic buildings, the legality of razing them was questionable and likely would not have taken place had not the decision been made from the office of Khrushchev himself.

Perhaps the real loss, however, came from underground. The original plans for the palace, before the Second World War, envisioned it as truly massive facility built where Christ the Savior Cathedral now stands. In the Khrushchev era, it was planned to build a smaller but still very large building near MGU, along the river, in what were then the still-developing outskirts of the city. When Khrushchev decided to place it inside the Kremlin, its footprint was again shrunk and it faced restrictions on its height so that the view of the Dormition Cathedral would not be entirely lost.

To make up for this, the bottom part of the building was sunk sixteen meters into the valuable archeological depths of the Kremlin’s soil. The buildings torn down to make room for the Palace were themselves built over much older foundations.

Archeologists were given a short window to explore the former Palace of Natalya Narishkina, the mother of Tsar Peter I, as well the former sites of churches, royal kitchens, workshops, and studios in what was once an economic center based within the historic Kremlin.

Teams of archaeologists were assigned to the area, who, in addition to expected finds, also found a number of secret tunnels. Unfortunately, while the archaeologists did their best to learn and preserve what they could, the limited timeframe allowed by the construction of the State Kremlin Palace meant that the archaeological potential of the site was, in large part, wasted. The tunnels were filled in, the old foundations built over, and the ruins lost to history.

Today, the Palace is perhaps best known as the home of The Kremlin Ballet, which was specifically formed in 1990 under esteemed Russian artist and choreographer Andrey Petrov with the purpose of performing there after the Bolshoi Ballet stopped performing at the palace and returned to the Bolshoi, then under renovations.

While the Kremlin Ballet was created with a strong basis in the classics, they have made more recent contributions to the ballet world with a number of their own classically-inspired modern works, including a ballet adaptation of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer .

Kremlin Moscow History Palace Congress 1961

The State Kremlin Palace also hosts the Moscow Classical Ballet, which has been dancing in Moscow since 1966. Demonstrations of this tradition in the upcoming year will include the Moscow Classical Ballet’s dancing reinvention of Romeo and Juliet (which was considered scandalous when it was first performed in 1972), and a performance of Swan Lake , one of Russia’s most important contributions to dance, as performed by the Kremlin Ballet.

Built to hold important political events, the State Kremlin Palace is more a cultural building than a political one. The stage’s relatively short history promises to be subsumed by its promising future. Whatever the next big musical or cultural phenomenon in Russia is, the State Kremlin Palace will be a part of it.

Read a review of The Snow Maidan as performed at the State Kremlin Palace on this site.

A Tour of the Moscow Kremlin Today

Tour as reviewed by Helen McHenry, 2019

As part of our SRAS cultural program, we were given the opportunity to take a tour of the Kremlin, a historic complex and symbol of the Russian government. We met our guide outside of Red Square before walking along the Kremlin walls to the visitors’ entrance. She pointed out the swallowtail merlons bordering the wall, a design popular in 15th century Italian-style architecture, before we mounted the battlement. To travel behind the Kremlin walls, we crossed a bridge that used to span the Neglinnaya River but today acts as an archway covering part of the footpath.

Inside the Kremlin is an intriguing mix of old and new – from the 15th century walls to the 20th century block of modernism known as the State Kremlin Palace. Our guide informed us of the controversy over the palace’s design, which stands in such contrast to the more traditional styles surrounding it. The building, built under Khrushchev’s leadership primarily as a government meeting hall, has almost as many floors underground as it does above ground. Although many cried out against the building when it was built, it still stands today, where it is now used mainly to host concerts.

A brief walk along a path lined with cannons from the state artillery collection brought us to what appeared to be the mother of all cannons. Indeed, the Tsar Cannon is the largest bombard by caliber ever manufactured and has never been used due to its vast size. Just around the corner lay a similarly large but unused item – the Tsar Bell. Commissioned during the time of Empress Anna, niece of Peter the Great, an almost life-size image of her adorns the bell’s surface.

We then traveled to Cathedral Square, which, as its name suggests, features a number of beautiful cathedrals. The overcast day did nothing to accentuate the gold domes that capped their many towers, but no amount of gloom could dim their impressive stature – so immense that photographing them from my vantage point proved a challenge. Each cathedral was adorned with more stunning iconography than the last, overwhelming to the point of monotony as we shuffled through the throngs of tourists.

Our next visit was to the State Armoury, a neoclassical building resplendent with the wealth of the tsars. We traipsed through room after room of riches, from icons, dishware, and diplomatic gifts to clothing, carriages, and thrones. What stood out to me the most was the two distinct – and sometimes warring – natures of Russian identity on display at the Armoury, East and West. The contrast was particularly obvious amongst the collections of clothing, weaponry, and thrones. The older pieces hearkened back to the time before the Western pivot of Peter the Great. While these remained just as ornately decorated as their modern counterparts, they were, on the whole, a lot less outlandish than those done in the styles of the West.

The Armoury marked our last stop within the Kremlin, so we traveled across the city center to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Although the cathedral is the world’s largest Orthodox church, the current building is not the original. Christ the Saviour was demolished under the reign of Stalin and was only rebuilt in the late 1990s. Since then, the cathedral has gained fame as the site of Pussy Riot’s 2012 performance, which landed three members in jail for “hooliganism.”

Our guide let us explore the church on our own, as the church requires groups to be led by its own guides. Looking forward to lunch, we opted for a quick pass through the cathedral. Had I not been so hungry, I could have spent hours inside, as every surface held intricately-painted religious imagery intermixed with adornments heavily gilded with gold. Photographs were not allowed within the cathedral, reserving this spectacle to be seen first-hand.

The Kremlin in its entirety is a spot I recommend to all visiting Moscow, as four hours within its walls was not enough for our group to even scratch the surface of the wonders within.

Tour as Reviewed by Joseph Ozment, 2016

As part of SRAS’s Russian as a Second Language (RSL) program at Moscow State University, I had the opportunity to attend a guided walking tour of the Kremlin and its museums. We had a professional tour guide provided by SRAS who was very well informed about all aspects of the Kremlin’s sites and always willing to answer questions.

The tour, as offered by SRAS each session, can differ slightly based on availability and timing. We began our day’s tour not at the Kremlin, but at the nearby Cathedral of Christ the Savior, Russia’s largest Orthodox cathedral and one of the largest Christian structures in the world. Note that there are wardrobe requirements for entering the church (men and women both must have their shoulders covered, while men cannot wear shorts and women must wear skirts at least beneath the knee).

Before going inside, we were taken around the massive structure, and given a brief yet informative overview of its history. We learned that, despite the classical style of the building, it is actually only about 20 years old, having been constructed to resemble the church that once stood on the same ground.

Church of the Annunciation in the Moscow Kremlin

During Communist times, the ground on which the Church now stands was a massive swimming pool, having been filled with water after the original Church was destroyed. The plans that the Communists originally had for the site were to construct the headquarters of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which would be one of the tallest structures in the world and house the office of the Soviet Union’s premier inside the head of a giant Vladimir Lenin statue adorning the top.

The Cathedral is a truly stunning structure. Comparable only to St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome in my mind, the sheer amount of open air is amazing when one considers how still and tranquil it is on the inside.

We then continued onwards to the Kremlin itself, which was teeming with guided tours from all over the world, just like ours. Seeing other groups from America, but also some from France, Italy, China, and several other European and Asian countries was very interesting, as people tend not to think of Russia as a popular tourist destination. However, tourism here has grown rapidly in recent years, particularly since the ruble lost about half its value on world markets, making Russia a much more affordable location.

Anna informed us of the purposes of all of the first structures we encountered within the Kremlin walls. First of all, though, she made sure that we were aware that the word “Kremlin” does not refer just the center of government in Moscow, but is a general word that means fortress. Most Russian cities and towns of reasonable size and with a medieval history possess a Kremlin.

We saw one of the offices in which President Putin occasionally works, as well as the large, semi-controversial event and concert hall that resides just inside the main entrance to the Kremlin. Despite its modern style that clashes somewhat with the comparatively ancient structures around it, the fact that the building is covered in glass at least ensures that it reflects the beauty and history that abounds within the Kremlin.

After seeing the aptly named Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell, both of which are two of the largest objects of their kind in the world, and neither of which have been used for their structural purpose in their existence, we moved on to see several of the many churches that stand within the walls of the Kremlin.

Inside the Church of the Annunciation, we were informed of some of the basic components of any Russian Orthodox Church. For starters, every inch of wall is covered in some image or another, from icons of Saints to giant murals that depict judgment day and the people of earth being sent either to heaven or hell. We also learned that the altar in an Orthodox church is given its own room, to which only the priests are allowed entry. The mysticism that is native to Orthodoxy and inherent to its liturgy was embodied in all aspects of these churches.

After our tour of the Kremlin’s outside squares, we were taken on a tour of the Armory Museum, which houses outfits, household items, carriages, armor, weapons, and various sundry items that belonged to the Tsars and Tsarinas of Russia. Anna knowledgeably led us through the various styles worn by different Russian rulers, and explained the significance(s) behind the appearance of what they wore and the carriages in which they rode.

We were in awe of the beautiful jewels that encrusted everything the royals wore and every vessel out of which they drank or off of which they ate, not to mention of the thrones on which they sat. We saw gifts from foreign dignitaries and rulers, and even the museum’s collection of Faberge creations.

All in all, it was a day rich with history and made even more enjoyable by our friendly and incredibly knowledgeable tour guide, Anna. There is hardly a more essential Russian experience to have during your time in Moscow than a guided tour of the Kremlin.

Incidentally, Anna, a guide that SRAS has worked with for years, helps run a guiding collective in Moscow called Bridge to Moscow . They run many private tours and are available for custom tours and travel as well.

Latest Updates

By Josh Wilson

In addition to the changes to how the Kremlin stars are lit and renovations to the Kremlin bells in Spasskaya Tower , for instance, several recent events are of interest.

In the mid-2000s, the Russian Orthodox Church lobbied for the restoration of the Chudov Monetary and the Ascension Convent within the Kremlin walls. The idea was seriously considered and even discussed on television by President Vladimir Putin, although only in the sense of rebuilding them as cultural monuments and part of the museum complex, rather than as working religious institutions. In the end, however, the Kremlin Presidium was simply torn down in 2016 and the area left mostly open with fragments of the old foundations left under glass for viewing. The result is a Kremlin even more dominated by open space and gardens.

Wind has damaged the Kremlin walls on a few occasions. In June 1998, several of the iconic sparrow tail structures on the wall were damaged by strong winds. In April 2018, strong wind damaged the Senate Palace roof. In October 2021, scaffolding being used to restore a section of the inner wall was blown over the top of the wall, also damaging several of the iconic sparrow tail structures. In all cases, the damage was quickly repaired.

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About the authors

Serena Keenan

At the time she wrote for this site, Serena Keenan was a rising junior at Smith College in Northampton, MA. She was majoring in Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies with a minor in Government and a concentration in Translation Studies. She hoped to study abroad in Moscow during the spring 2022 semester. After college, she hoped to go on to work in nuclear nonproliferation. In her free time, she likes to read and crochet.

Program attended: Online Interships

View all posts by: Serena Keenan

Caroline Barrow

Caroline Barrow is a graduate of Texas A&M University with a degree in International Studies and Russian. She loves traveling and hearing people’s stories. Out of the places she’s been able to visit, her favorite was Kiev, Ukraine for its beauty, history, and friendly people. She received a Fulbright English Teaching Assistantship and, at the time she wrote for this site, was spending year teaching English in Kostanay, Kazakhstan. Additionally, she was been named SRAS’s Home and Abroad Translation Scholar for the 2013-2014 cycle. Her contributions included mostly translations of articles and blog posts that will be of interest to students.

Program attended: Home and Abroad Scholar

View all posts by: Caroline Barrow

Lee Sullivan

Lee Sullivan is an undergraduate student at Stetson University. She is currently pursuing a BS in cybersecurity and a BA in Russian, East European, and Eurasian studies. Next semester Lee will be in Vladivostok, Russia – studying the Russian language and participating in the Home and Abroad internship with SRAS. She aspires to pursue a master’s degree upon graduating.

View all posts by: Lee Sullivan

Benjamin Mulick

Ben Mulick, at the time he wrote for this site, was a fourth year Global Studies major at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.

View all posts by: Benjamin Mulick

Jack Fischer

Jack Fischer, at the time he wrote for this site, was majoring in Physics with Russian and Economics minors at Iowa State University of Science and Technology in Ames, Iowa. He is studied Russian as a Second Language with SRAS over the summer of 2016 to improve his command of the Russian language. In the future, he’d like to work for himself and run a business, preferably abroad.

Program attended: Challenge Grants

View all posts by: Jack Fischer

Joseph Ozment

Joseph Ozment is a fourth-year International Studies and Russian Studies major at Rhodes College in Memphis, TN. He is minoring in music minor and has spent a lot of free time on music projects. He is studying Russian as a Second Language and also working an internship with The Moscow Times. He hopes to increase his Russian skills and cultural awareness so as to use his knowledge of the country and language in a professional setting in the future.

View all posts by: Joseph Ozment

Helen McHenry

Helen McHenry, at the time she wrote for this site, was a double major in international relations and Russian at the Ohio State University, with minors in Spanish and public policy. She studied with Russian as a Second Language with SRAS at the Higher School of Economics in Moscow in order to advance her proficiency in Russian and appreciation for Russian culture. She hoped to use the knowledge gained during her time abroad to advocate for foreign policy that strengthens relations between East and West in her future career.

View all posts by: Helen McHenry

Julia Brock

Julie Brock, at the time she wrote for this site, had returned to University of Kentucky to pursue a Global Studies Certificate, with an emphasis on Russia and the travel industry. She earned prior BA and MA degrees in psychology. A few years ago, she traveled to Russia, Estonia, and Finland, and loves the culture and history of these areas. She works at the campus library, and enjoys reading, running 5Ks, and spending time with her dogs. She lived for five years in Minnesota and loved the snow, winter sports, and Museum of Russian Art.

View all posts by: Julia Brock

Hudson Dobbs

Hudson received his BA in Russian Studies with a minor in Corporate Communications from Baylor University. At the time he wrote for this site, he was serving as a Home and Abroad Scholar as part of a Spring, 2022 session of SRAS’s Language and Society program St. Petersburg. While abroad, Hudson will be researching the Russian coffee culture, as well as the evolution of specialty coffee in Russia. His goal is to open his own coffee shop in the US - taking his experiences abroad and applying them to his future business.

View all posts by: Hudson Dobbs

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Metal Church The Moore Theater Seattle 1984 ( 162 063 ) Thanks And So Much
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METAL CHURCH 'Gods of Wrath' Roseville Calif Sep 27, 2023

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Metal Church Concert & Tour History (Updated for 2024)
Metal Church Concert History. 341 Concerts. Metal Church is an American heavy metal band. They originally formed in San Francisco, California in 1980 and then relocated to Aberdeen, Washington the following year and briefly using the name Shrapnel. Led by guitarist and songwriter Kurdt Vanderhoof, the band has released twelve studio albums, and ...
Metal Church
Metal Church is an American heavy metal band formed in 1980. Originally based in San Francisco, ... History Formative years (1980-1984) ... and saw Metal Church support the album with a world tour from October 1986 to July 1987, playing with bands such as King Diamond, Celtic Frost, Testament, Overkill, ...
metal church: Concert & Tour History
The songs that metal church: performs live vary, but here's the latest setlist that we have from the December 04, 1993 concert at Thirsty Whale in River Grove, Illinois, United States: metal church: tours & concert list along with photos, videos, and setlists of their live performances.
Metal Church
TOUR. METAL CHURCH, a metal group from Aberdeen
Metal Church;
Metal Church; Listed Below is all of the known Tour Dates, Album, E.P. & Singles release dates that I have info on from these Seattle metallers. I know there is a hell of a lot more info out there so if you can help let me know. ... (May 18th - Jul. 6th; 'Metal Church The Tour') 20/05/1991; Concert at Dynamo Open Air Festival, Eindhoven ...
TourDateSearch.com: Metal Church tour dates
Metal Church. Shows: 829. Earliest: Dec 4, 1982. Latest: Mar 23, 2024. Tweet. [ WikiPedia] Metal Church is an American heavy metal band formed in 1980. Originally based in San Francisco, California, they relocated to Aberdeen, Washington the following year and briefly called themselves Shrapnel. Led by guitarist and songwriter Kurdt Vanderhoof ...
Metal Church Tickets, Tour Dates & Concerts 2024 & 2023
Metal Church tour dates and tickets 2023-2024 near you. Want to see Metal Church in concert? Find information on all of Metal Church's upcoming concerts, tour dates and ticket information for 2023-2024. ... Touring history. 2023: 2022 2021 2020 2019 Most played: Los Angeles (LA) (12) Chicago (9) New York (NYC) (6) Detroit (6) Dallas - Fort ...
Metal Church concert reviews, history, 2024 tour
Metal Church is a group founded 40 years ago in 1984 in San Francisco, US. Based on our research data, it appears, that the first Metal Church concert happened 40 years ago on Fri, 04 May 1984 in D & R Theatre - Aberdeen, US and that the last Metal Church concert was 28 days ago on Sat, 16 Dec 2023 in Crowbar Sydney - Leichhardt, Australia.. Metal Church is most often considered to be:
Metal Church Concerts & Live Tour Dates: 2024-2025 Tickets
Find tickets for Metal Church concerts near you. Browse 2024 tour dates, venue details, concert reviews, photos, and more at Bandsintown. ... Metal Church. 74,885 Followers. Never miss another Metal Church concert. Get alerts about tour announcements, concert tickets, and shows near you with a free Bandsintown account. Follow. No upcoming shows ...
Metal Church announce March 2024 North American Tour
Metal Church will hit the road in March 2024 for a headlining North American tour, promoting their latest album, Congregation of Annihilation. Tour Dates: 03/20 Burlington, VT @ Higher Ground 03/21 Derry, NH @ Tupelo Music Hall 03/22 New Bedford, MA @ The Vault Music Hall 03/23 Reading, PA @ Reverb 03/24 Clifton, NJ
Metal Church
The band's first release simply entitled "Metal Church" postured the band as one of the pioneers of the thrash/metal scene, while their sophomore release "The Dark" was championed as one of the premier metal releases of the 80's. Now with the current band's line up, Kurdt Vanderhoof (guitar), Ronny Munroe (vox), Jeff Plate (drums), Rick Van ...
METAL CHURCH Announces March 2024 North American Tour Dates
METAL CHURCH has announced a run of North American tour dates for next spring. The band, which is promoting its latest album, 2023's "Congregation Of Annihilation", will play the following shows ...
TourDateSearch.com: Metal Church tour dates
Metal Church's popularity continued with their third album Blessing in Disguise (1989), which spawned one of their best-known songs "Badlands". After releasing two more studio albums with Howe, the band first called it quits in 1996.Metal Church reformed in 1998 with most of their "classic" lineup, including Vanderhoof's return to performance ...
Metal Chruch On The Road
Metal Church has announced a North American tour to promote its latest album, "Congregation Of Annihilation." The band's thirteenth album is the first to feature vocalist Marc Lopes, who joined in the summer of '22 as the replacement of the late Mike Howe. "We're gonna be touring all year," said Lopes.
METAL CHURCH Announces 2024 North American Tour Dates
December 13 2023 4:47 PM 1 min read 0. Metal Church are bringing their " North American Annihilation " tour to select cities in March of 2024. The bands last album was released on May 26, 2023 through Rat Pak Records featuring new singer Marc Lopes. Recently, Metalhead Marv of This Day In Metal had a chance to chat with guitarist Kurdt Vanderhoof.
METAL CHURCH Announces June/July 2023 U.S. Tour
METAL CHURCH U.S. tour dates: June 03 - Reggies - Chicago, IL June 04 - The Token Lounge - Westland, MI June 22 - Purchase St Records (Album Signing/Meet & Greet] - New Bedford, MA
METAL CHURCH Announce US Tour Dates
West coast thrash metal veterans, Metal Church, have announced US tour dates in support of their upcoming 13th studio album, Congregation Of Annihilation, out May 26 via Rat Pak Records (America) and Reaper Entertainment (Europe). Dates: June 3 - Reggies - Chicago, IL 4 - The Token Lounge - Westland, MI 22 - Purchase St...
METAL CHURCH Announces June/July 2023 U.S. Tour
West Coast metal veterans METAL CHURCH will embark on a U.S. tour in June. They will be hitting the road in support of their 13th studio album, "Congregation Of Annihilation", which will arrive on May 26 via Rat Pak Records (America) and Reaper Entertainment (Europe). Tour dates June 3
30 Years since Moscow's Monsters of Rock
On September 28, 1991, the Tushino Airfield in Moscow hosted the Monsters of Rock international music festival. AC/DC, Metallica, the Black Crowes, and Pantera all performed, while the metal band Electro Shock Therapy represented the Soviet Union. The event attracted a crowd of more than 500,000 people, making it the largest rock concert in the history of both the USSR and the Russian Federation.
Saint Basil's Cathedral
The Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed (Russian: Собо́р Васи́лия Блаже́нного, tr. Sobór Vasíliya Blazhénnogo), commonly known as Saint Basil's Cathedral, is an Orthodox church in Red Square of Moscow, and is one of the most popular cultural symbols of Russia.The building, now a museum, is officially known as the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos ...
A walking tour of central Moscow—through both real and fictional history
This tour of Moscow's center takes you from one of Moscow's oldest streets to its newest park through both real and fictional history, hitting the Kremlin, some illustrious shopping centers, architectural curiosities, and some of the city's finest snacks. Start on the Arbat, Moscow's mile-long pedestrianized shopping and eating artery ...
The Kremlin: Moscow's Historical Heart Through the Ages
The Annunciation Cathedral (Благовещенский Собор) is named after another significant moment in the life of Mary, when she was told by an angel that she would conceive Christ.This church was designed in 1484 by architects from Pskov, then one of Russia's great cities. The Annunciation Cathedral is one of the oldest examples of Russian art and architecture, since the ...

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