last trip bus 170

Foundation and name

17th to 19th centuries, 20th century, 21st century, administrative and municipal status, city divisions, demographics, construction, clusters of voronezh, urban layout, transportation, education and culture, notable people, sister cities, further reading and cultural references, external links.

The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don ) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42   km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan . [14] [15] [16] [17]

For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg . This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronizh in Ukraine [18] ). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. [19] [20] However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.

The linguistic comparative analysis of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi , Varna , Verona , Brno , etc. [21]

A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn ) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh ). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus. [17] [22]

In it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol. As well as the name of Voroneț Monastery known for its blue shade.

Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven ( ворон ) and hedgehog ( еж ) into Воронеж . According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.

In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde ), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor   I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars . The city was named after the river. [2]

In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu 's map of 1645. [23] Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line , Goto Predestinatsia . The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh , was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.

Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate , which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate .

In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the Central Black Earth Region . Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet , and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871.

World War II

During World War II , Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad , and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha ) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October   22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November   7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution . Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev , and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front . By July   6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July   24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue .

Until January   25, 1943, parts of the Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn , the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive , and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January   25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat . During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.

By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School , a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war. [24]

In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86 , was built there.

In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", [25] and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing". [26] [27]

From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development. [28]

On December   17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people. [29]

Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region . As part of the annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's The Nutcracker . In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen 's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from the Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination. [30] [31]

In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion , forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself. [32] [33] [34]

Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast . [1] Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . [1] As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. [7]

The city is divided into six administrative districts :

• Zheleznodorozhny (183,17   km²)
• Tsentralny (63,96   km²)
• Kominternovsky (47,41   km²)
• Leninsky (18,53   km²)
• Sovetsky (156,6   km²)
• Levoberezhny (123,89   km²)

At the time of the official 2021 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (960,357) was: [35]

The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering , metalworking , the electronics industry and the food industry .

In the city are such companies as:

• Voronezh Aircraft Production Association (where, amongst other types, the Tupolev Tu-144 was built)

• Voronezhselmash (agricultural engineering)
• Sozvezdie [36] (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone Altai
• Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner Abbott Laboratories ),
• Voronezh Mechanical Plant [37] (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
• Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH [38] (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)
• VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering [39] (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
• KBKhA Chemical Automatics Design Bureau with notable products:. [40]
• Pirelli Voronezh. [41]

On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.

In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered. [42]

In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies. [43]

Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in the "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by the second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement ( ostrog ). [44] In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. [45] The posad population received the territory between the ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements: the Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of the city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower. [46]

Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. [47]

The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport , which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport , a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO ( Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo , Voronezh aircraft production association) where the Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers . [ citation needed ]

Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. [50] Rail services form a part of the South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways . Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city.

There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow , Belgorod , Lipetsk , Volgograd , Rostov-on-Don , and Astrakhan .

The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:

• Voronezh State University
• Voronezh State Technical University
• Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
• Voronezh State Pedagogical University
• Voronezh State Agricultural University
• Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
• Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
• Voronezh State Academy of Arts
• Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
• Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
• Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
• Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
• Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)
• Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Voronezh branch)
• Russian State University of Justice [51]
• Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
• International Institute of Computer Technologies
• Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law

and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.

• Voronezh Chamber Theatre [52]
• Koltsov Academic Drama Theater [53]
• Voronezh State Opera and Ballet Theatre [54]
• Shut Puppet Theater [55]

Platonov International Arts Festival [56]

Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh. [ citation needed ] There is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street. [57] [58]

In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan was glorified as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church .

In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it.

There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh:

• Levoberezhnoye Cemetery
• Lesnoye Cemetery
• Jewish Cemetery
• Nikolskoye Cemetery
• Pravoberezhnoye Cemetery
• Budyonnovskoe Cemetery
• Yugo-Zapadnoye Cemetery
• Podgorenskоye Cemetery
• Kominternovskoe Cemetery

Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public.

Source: [59]

• Voronezh radar

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• 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Law #87-OZ
• ↑ Воронеж может оказаться намного старше (in Russian). Вести. August 19, 2010. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014 . Retrieved March 28, 2012 .
• ↑ "История" . Voronezh-city.ru . Archived from the original on August 1, 2011 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "База данных показателей муниципальных образований" . Gks.ru . Archived from the original on October 6, 2014 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved January 23, 2019 .
• 1 2 3 Law #66-OZ
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 .
• ↑ "Каталог компаний, справочник компаний России: Желтые страницы России - Евро Адрес" . E-adres.ru . Archived from the original on August 30, 2009 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Телефонный код города Воронеж" . Kody.su . Archived from the original on November 22, 2015 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "День города Воронеж 2015" . Mir36.ru . Archived from the original on July 8, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [ 2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1 ] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том   1 [ 2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.   1 ] . Всероссийская перепись населения 2010   года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ В. П. Загоровский. "Воронежская историческая энциклопедия". Воронеж, 1992. Стр. 53.
• ↑ А. З. Винников, А. Т. Синюк. "Дорогами тысячелетий: Археологи о древней истории Воронежского края". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 2003. Стр. 185–187, 236–242.
• ↑ Н. А. Тропин. "Южные территории Чернигово-Рязанского порубежья в XII–XV вв." Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени доктора исторических наук. Москва, 2007.
• 1 2 П. А. Попов. "Воронеж: древнее слово и древние города, а также древние леса и древние реки России". Воронеж, 2016.
• ↑ Woroneż (Wronasz) is shown on the Woroneż river by Stefan Kuczyński (1936) in a historical map of 15th-century Chernigov, «Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie pod rządami Litwy» .
• ↑ В. П. Загоровский. "О древнем Воронеже и слове «Воронеж»". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 1977.
• ↑ Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998. Стр. 104.
• ↑ А. Лазарев. "Тайна имени Воронежъ" ( The Mystery of the Name of Voronezh ). Воронеж, 2009.
• ↑ П. А. Попов. "Комплексный подход в топонимических исследованиях в связи с историей русского градостроительства (на примере Центрального Черноземья)". Девятые всероссийские краеведческие чтения (Москва – Воронеж, 15–19 мая 2015 г.). Москва; Воронеж, 2016. Стр. 423–434.
• ↑ Russiæ, vulgo Moscovia, pars australis in Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et Descriptiones Omnium Regionum, Editæ a Guiljel et Ioanne Blaeu , 1645.
• ↑ Alex Levin, Under The Yellow & Red Stars Archived August 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine ( Azrieli Foundation , 2009), pp. 45ff., "The Suvorov Military School".
• ↑ Dahlberg, John-Thor (October 11, 1989). "Voronzeh Scientist Quoted by TASS Casts Doubt on UFO Landing Story" . Associated Press .
• ↑ "UFO lands in Russia? Writer now waffles" . United Press International . October 10, 1989.
• ↑ Fein, Esther B.; Times, Special To The New York (October 11, 1989). "U.F.O. Landing Is Fact, Not Fantasy, the Russians Insist" . The New York Times . p.   6. Archived from the original on March 13, 2017 . Retrieved February 20, 2017 .
• ↑ Интерактивная карта подготовки к 425-летию основания Воронежа (рус.). Сайт администрации города Воронеж (31.08.11). Проверено 24 января 2011
• ↑ "В Воронеже родился миллионный житель" . РБК . Archived from the original on March 5, 2013 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ ПОДЪЯБЛОНСКАЯ, Татьяна (October 5, 2020). "Дворец, лабиринт и сани: главную площадь Воронежа в Новый год украсят в стиле "Снежной королевы" " . vrn.kp.ru . Archived from the original on December 30, 2020 . Retrieved December 16, 2020 .
• ↑ "Воронежцам показали, как оформят к Новому году площадь Ленина — В Воронеже — Культура ВРН" . culturavrn.ru . Archived from the original on February 14, 2022 . Retrieved December 16, 2020 .
• ↑ Ives, Mike (June 24, 2023). "What's happening in Russia? Here's what we know" . The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Archived from the original on June 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 .
• ↑ "Russia accuses Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin of urging "armed rebellion": Live updates" . CNN . June 24, 2023. Archived from the original on June 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 .
• ↑ "Breaking: Wagners took city of Voronezh, convoy of tanks on highway to Moscow" . Ukraine Today . June 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 .
• ↑ "Национальный состав населения" . Rosstat . Retrieved August 6, 2023 .
• ↑ "Главная страница - АО "Концерн «Созвездие" " . Vsm-sorter.com . Archived from the original on July 22, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Voronezh Mechanical Plant" . Vmzvrn.ru . Archived from the original on July 11, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "MMHC RUDGORMASH Mining Machinery Holding Company" . Mmhc-rudgormash.com . Archived from the original on August 1, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "НИИПМ→О компании→Институт сегодня" . Vniipm.ru . Archived from the original on August 9, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ " "Конструкторское Бюро Химавтоматики" - Главная" . Kbkha.ru . Archived from the original on July 8, 2014 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Pirelli, Russian Technologies joint venture launches technologically advanced second production line at Voronezh" . Pirelli.com . Archived from the original on July 11, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Официальный портал органов власти" . Govvrn.ru . Archived from the original on July 2, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Главная - ЦКР" . Cluster36.ru . Archived from the original on July 12, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Хронология Воронежа, год 1615" (in Russian) . Retrieved October 25, 2023 .
• ↑ "ПОВСЕДНЕВНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ ВОРОНЕЖА В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XVII ВЕКА" (in Russian). May 16, 2016 . Retrieved October 22, 2023 .
• ↑ Urban planning of the Moscow state in the 16th - 17th centuries. pp.82-85
• ↑ "Voronezh, Russia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)" . Weatherbase . Archived from the original on February 14, 2022 . Retrieved November 13, 2018 .
• ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived from the original on December 22, 2015 . Retrieved November 8, 2021 .
• ↑ "Voronez (Voronezh) Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Archived from the original on October 29, 2021 . Retrieved October 29, 2021 .
• ↑ "Жд вокзал Воронеж | Оригинал жд билета | Жд билеты | Международный аэропорт "Стригино" г. Нижний Новгород, РЖД билет, купить ж д билет, рейсы самолетов в нижний новгород, телефоны справочного бюро аэропорта стригино, заказ ж/д билетов, стоимость жд билетов, билеты на поезд, бронирование, авиарейсы - Аэропорт Нижний Новгород - Нижегородский аэропорт - сайт аэропорта нижний новгород стригино - МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АЭРОПОРТ НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД" . Nnov-airport.ru . Archived from the original on June 30, 2017 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "О филиале" . Cb.rgup.ru . Archived from the original on July 2, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Воронежский камерный театр" . Chambervrn.ru . Archived from the original on August 21, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Воронежский Академический Театр драмы им. А. Кольцова" . Voronezhdrama.ru . Archived from the original on July 10, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Воронежский государственный театр оперы и балета – официальный сайт" . Theatre-vrn.ru . Archived from the original on July 24, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ ".:. Òåàòð Êóêîë - "ØÓÒ" .:" . Puppet-shut.ru . Archived from the original on July 10, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Фестиваль" . Platonovfest.com . Archived from the original on July 3, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "В Воронеже открыли одну из крупнейших синагог России" . Rg.ru . October 20, 2014. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "The Jewish Community of Voronezh" . evrei-vrn.ru . Archived from the original on August 19, 2016 . Retrieved August 6, 2016 .
• ↑ Рациональная маршрутная сеть. "Воронеж: официальный сайт администрации городского округа" . Voronezh-city.ru. Archived from the original on November 2, 2022 . Retrieved March 12, 2013 .
• ↑ "Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios" . Larazon.es. Archived from the original on December 21, 2009 . Retrieved September 16, 2011 .
• Воронежская областная Дума.   Закон   №87-ОЗ   от   27 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Воронежской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №41-ОЗ от   13 апреля 2015 г.   «О внесении изменений в Закон Воронежской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Воронежской области и порядке его изменения"». Вступил в силу   по истечении 10   дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Молодой коммунар", №123, 3 ноября 2006 г. (Voronezh Oblast Duma.   Law   # 87-OZ   of   October   27, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Voronezh Oblast and on the Procedures of Changing It , as amended by the Law   # 41-OZ of   April   13, 2015 On Amending the Law of Voronezh Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Voronezh Oblast and on the Procedures of Changing It" . Effective as of   after 10   days from the day of the official publication.).
• Воронежская областная Дума.   Закон   №66-ОЗ   от   31 октября 2005 г. «О наделении муниципального образования город Воронеж статусом городского округа». Вступил в силу   по истечении 10   дней со дня официального опубликования (18 ноября 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Коммуна", №171, 8 ноября 2005 г. (Voronezh Oblast Duma.   Law   # 66-OZ   of   October   31, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Voronezh . Effective as of   the day which is 10   days after the official publication date (November   18, 2005).).
• Charlotte Hobson's book, Black Earth City , is an account of life in Voronezh at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union based on her experiences after spending a year in Voronezh as a foreign student in 1991–1992.
• Nadezhda Mandelstam 's Hope Against Hope , the first volume of her memoirs concerning her husband, the poet Osip Mandelstam , provides many details about life in Voronezh in the 1930s under Stalinist rule.
• Alan Sillitoe , the English writer, published a collection of poems entitled Love in the Environs of Voronezh and Other Poems in 1968.
• In the song Red Army Blues by the Waterboys , on the album A Pagan Place , there is a line "Took the train to Voronezh, that was as far as it would go."
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SBS Transit Bus Service 170X

SBS Transit Bus Service 170X is a cross-border service plying between Kranji MRT and JB Sentral in Johor Bahru, passing through Woodlands Centre, Woodlands Checkpoint and Sultan Iskandar CIQ. It was formerly referred to as 170 (Blue Plate) or 170* to distinguish it from its parent Service 170 . JB Sentral is only served on Weekdays (after 8am to 4.30pm) & additionally on Mondays – Thursdays from 8.10pm till the last bus timing, except public holidays.

Service 170X is a cross-border route connecting Kranji MRT and Woodlands Centre to JB Sentral in Johor Bahru, supplementing the cross-border demand for Bus Services 160 and 170. Travelling via the Causeway, this route stops at Woodlands Checkpoint and Sultan Iskandar CIQ , where all passengers must alight and go through customs before re-boarding the bus.

Although the route officially starts from Bus Stop 45131 – Opp Kranji Stn, Woodlands Road , most passengers board at Bus Stop 45139 – Kranji Stn, Woodlands Road in practice, where Johor-bound trips start from.

Due to varying traffic conditions at the Causeway, travel times and frequencies may increase significantly when jams occur.

Bus Services 170 & 170X towards Johor Bahru are often diverted away from Woodlands Road due to traffic congestion, skipping Bus Stops 46021 – Bef W’Lands Ind Pk D St 2 , 46031 – Kranji Lodge 1 , 46041 – Opp Globalfoundries , and 46051 – Bef BKE due to traffic congestion. Buses would instead ply Woodlands Ave 3 and Woodlands Centre Rd towards Woodlands Checkpoint. Refer to SBS Transit’s Twitter account for updates .

Omission of JB Sentral

Bus Service 170X will terminate at Johor Bahru Checkpoint and omit JB Sentral Bus Terminal during these periods:

• Weekdays (Mon – Thurs) Morning Peak Hours before 08:28, evening peak hours between 16:31 and 20:09
• Fridays before 08:28 and after 16:30
• Sundays / Singapore Public Holidays

In July 2023, the schedule for Service 170X was updated by the Land Transport Authority & SBS Transit unannounced.

Changes in operating hours observed were as follows:

• From Opp Kranji Stn: Weekdays — 05:36–23:30 to 05:37–23:37 Saturdays — 05:40–00:00 to 05:37–00:07 Sundays / Public Holidays – 05:40–23:30 to 05:37–23:37
• From JB Sentral: Weekdays — 06:10–00:00 to 08:28–00:00 Saturdays & Sundays / Public Holidays – no change (06:11–00:00)

A scheduling change was also included to allow buses from Kranji MRT Station to terminate at Johor Bahru Checkpoint and turn around back towards Singapore, omitting JB Sentral during morning peak hours on Weekdays & evening peak hours on Mondays – Thursdays, excluding public holidays.

In addition, the first bus timing from Johor Bahru Checkpoint towards Kranji MRT Station was brought forward on Weekdays (except Public Holidays) from 05:25 to 05:00.

Route Limitations:

Buses deployed on cross-border routes must be registered with the Agensi Pengangkutan Awam Darat (APAD), also known as the Land Public Transport Agency (Malaysia).

Currently, several SBS Transit Mercedes-Benz Citaro & MAN A22 buses are registered for cross-border operations. Under Malaysian regulations, buses must carry relevant documents, be fitted with a third brake light at the rear, and be attached with Malaysian stickers dictating the legal speed limit.

Cross-Border Procedures

At each checkpoint, passengers have to alight and clear immigration before boarding the bus again. When different bus services are used when arriving at/departing from a checkpoint, this will constitute a transfer for card paying passengers. If the same bus service is used, the journey is resumed. Cash-paying passengers should retain their tickets as proof of payment, and produce them when re-boarding buses at checkpoints.

At Woodlands Checkpoint towards Johor Bahru, a single queue is formed for Bus Services 160/170/170X/950. Passengers will be directed to board whichever bus comes first. This arrangement has been in place since 20 May 2022.

At JB CIQ (Johor Bahru Checkpoint) towards Singapore, a single queue is formed for Bus Services 160/170/170X. Passengers will be directed to board whichever bus comes first.

Approximate Operating Hours at Woodlands Checkpoint

Mrt station served:, special departures:.

• Johor Bahru (Johor Bahru Checkpoint) → Kranji MRT Station Daily; during operating hours when JB Sentral is omitted
• Woodlands Road (Opp Kranji Stn) → Johor Bahru (Johor Bahru Checkpoint) Omits JB Sentral during Weekdays (Mon – Fri) before 08:28, between 16:30 and 20:10 on Weekdays (Mon – Thu), Fridays after 16:30, Saturdays & Sundays / Singapore Public Holidays

Route Variant:

• Service 170 : Queen Street Terminal ↔ Larkin Terminal Daily

Poster Gallery:

Operator History:

• 2000 – 2001: Singapore Bus Services Ltd
• 2001 – Present: SBS Transit Ltd

The Bus Service Operating License (BSOL) for this route will be renewed in 2029 under the Bukit Merah Bus Package.

• 2000 (03 Sep): Introduced between Woodlands Rd (Opp Kranji Stn) and Larkin Ter (Johor Bahru)
• 2001 (Nov): Became fully air-conditioned with the Volvo B10M Mark IIIs
• 2003 (10 Nov): Amended to Kotaraya II Ter via Jln Gertak Merah, skipping Jln Tun Abdul Razak
• 2008: Last bus from Woodlands Rd (Opp Kranji Stn) revised to 2310 hrs on Saturdays
• 2008 (16 Dec): Serves additional bus stop outside JB Sentral along Jln Tun Abdul Razak towards Kotaraya II Ter
• 2009 (11 May): Last bus from Woodlands Rd (Opp Kranji Stn) revised to 2330 hrs on weekdays and 2400 hrs on Saturdays
• 2011 (Aug): Retiring Volvo B10M Mark IIIs were replaced with Volvo B10M Mark IVs (DM3500 and Strider)
• 2014 (Apr): Scania K230UBs deployed to replace Volvo B10M Mark IVs
• 2014 (01 Nov): Amended to loop at Jln Tun Abdul Razak with the permanent closure of Kotaraya II Ter
• 2015 (01 Mar): Amended to JB Sentral Ter, skipping Jln Tun Abdul Razak
• 2017 (21 Aug): Designated wheelchair-accessible bus service ( WAB )
• 2018 (18 Nov): Start of operations under Bukit Merah Bus Package (Tendered Contract)
• 2020 (18 Mar) – 2022 (30 Apr): Temporarily suspended due to Malaysia Movement Control Order .
• 2023 (between Aug-Nov): Unannounced change in operating hours: First bus from JB CIQ→ Kranji MRT on weekdays brought forward from 05:25 to 05:00 ; and buses to skip JB Sentral Ter during Mon–Fri AM peak and Mon–Thurs PM peak (except Public Holidays)
• 2024 (Mar): Official schedule update to omit JB Sentral on Weekdays before 8.28am, Mondays – Thursdays between 4.30pm to 8.10pm, Fridays after 4.30pm and Full day on Saturdays & Sundays / Public Holidays

In the 2nd Half of 2023 (between Aug – Nov), the schedule for Service 170X was updated by the Land Transport Authority & SBS Transit unannounced.

• From Opp Kranji Stn: Weekdays: 05:36 – 23:30 to 05:37 – 23:37 Saturdays: 05:40 – 00:00 to 05:37 – 00:07 Sundays / Public Holidays: 05:40 – 23:30 to 05:37 – 23:37
• From JB Sentral: Weekdays: 06:10 – 00:00 to 08:28 – 00:00 Saturdays & Sundays / Public Holidays: no change (06:11 – 00:00)

A scheduling change was also included to allow buses from Kranji MRT Station to terminate at Johor Bahru Checkpoint and turn around back towards Singapore, omitting JB Sentral during the following weekday hours (excluding public holidays):

• Weekdays (Mon–Fri) Morning Peak Hours before 08:28
• Weekdays (Mon–Thurs) between 16:36 & 20:09

In Mar 2024, the schedule was further updated to omit JB Sentral entirely on Saturdays & Sundays / Public Holidays and on Fridays after 4.30pm.

Past Routings

Back to Bus Services Back to Bus Articles

13 thoughts on “ SBS Transit Bus Service 170X ”

Bus 170X and 160 skips JB Sentral Ter throughout the day from first bus to last bus on Friday evenings, weekends and P.H.. Just ask the bus captain or visit transitlink website ( https://www.transitlink.com.sg/eservice/eguide/service_route.php?service=170X ) on the first/last bus timings and you’ll find that there is no first/last bus from JB Sentral Ter as it is skipped.

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Bus Service Diversion for Early Closure of Jurong West Avenue 4 for JRL Works

Bus stop skipped for f1 singapore grand prix 2024 preparation, opening of teck lee lrt station, bus service diversion for hoisting works at canberra rd, launch of new short trip service 84a.

Voronezh Oblast

• 2 Other destinations
• 3 Understand
• 6 Get around
• 11 Stay safe

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Voronezh Oblast is in Russia 's Chernozemye region, bordering Ukraine to the southwest, Belgorod Oblast to the west, Kursk Oblast to the northwest, Lipetsk Oblast to the north, Tambov Oblast to the northeast, Ulyanovsk Oblast to the northeast, Volgograd Oblast to the east, and Rostov Oblast to the south.

• 51.671667 39.210556 1 Voronezh — the regional capital is a major cultural, economic, and transit hub for the surrounding regions and a center of the contemporary Russian Communist movement (due to very high unemployment); be sure to visit the excellent collection of Western and Russian art at the Kramskoy Museum; the city is also the birthplace of many famous Russians, including writers Ivan Bunin and Andrei Platonov (the poet Osip Mandelshtam was exiled here also), as well as the great Russian painter Ivan Kramskoi

Other destinations

Voronezh is considered the heart of the "Black Earth Region," a rich soiled region in the south of Central Russia . In its post-Soviet history it has also come to be known as the heart of Russia's "Red Belt," the center of contemporary Russian communism, owing to its high unemployment levels. An interesting read for visitors is Black Earth City , an account written by Charlotte Hobson, a foreign student visiting the capital in 1991 – 92.

Chances are high that you will need either some knowledge of Russian or a competent guide in order to travel outside of Voronezh.

Voronezh Airport ( VOZ   IATA ) is served by flights from Moscow , Saint Petersburg , Munich , Prague , and Yerevan . Voronezh, being the major rail hub between Central and Southern Russia , is also easily accessible by train from, Moscow , Rostov-on-Don and other major cities in these regions.

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Navigation menu

TransLink 170 bus

Garden city - city exp via newnham rd, translink 170 bus stop list and next departures.

The TransLink 170 - Garden City - City Exp via Newnham Rd bus serves {count_of_stops} bus stops in the Brisbane area departing from {first_stop} and ending at {last_stop}. Scroll down to see upcoming 170 bus times at each stop and the next scheduled 170 bus times will be displayed. The full 170 bus schedule as well as real-time departures (if available) can be found in the Transit app .

The TransLink 170 - Garden City - City Exp via Newnham Rd bus route map is shown above. The route map shows you an overview of all the stops served by the TransLink 170 bus to help you plan your trip on TransLink. Opening the app will allow you to see more detailed information about the route on a map including stop specific alerts, such as stops that have been closed or moved. You can also see the location of vehicles in real-time on the route map so you know when the 170 bus is approaching your stop.

TransLink 170 bus Service Alerts

Open the Transit app to see more information about any active disruptions that may impact the 170 bus schedule, such as detours, moved stops, trip cancellations, major delays, or other service changes to the bus route. The Transit app also allows you to subscribe to receive notifications for any service alert issued by TransLink so that you can plan your trip around any active or future disruptions.

TransLink 170 bus Service Frequency

The next 170 bus leaves {first_stop} at {first_stop_first_time}, and arrives at {last_stop} at {last_stop_first_time}. You can see the frequency of upcoming trips and the exact departure times by opening the Transit app .

TransLink 170 bus On-Time Performance

Want to know whether the TransLink 170 bus arrives on time? Open the Transit app and view user generated on-time performance reports for the 170 bus. You can also contribute your own reports on whether your trip arrived on time, late or early. As these on-time performance stats are user reported, they may differ from official TransLink metrics.

TransLink 170 bus FAQ

What time does the next translink 170 bus depart from {first_stop}.

The next 170 bus leaves {first_stop} at {first_stop_first_time}, and arrives at {last_stop} at {last_stop_first_time}. The total trip time for the next TransLink 170 bus is {number_of_minutes} minutes.

Is the TransLink 170 bus running on time, early or late?

You can track your bus on a map, monitor real-time updates, and see adjustments to the TransLink 170 schedule by downloading the Transit app .

When does the next TransLink 170 bus arrive?

You can see the next TransLink 170 bus times in the app as well as future departure times for the 170 bus.

How many bus stops are there for the TransLink 170 bus?

There are {count_of_stops} stops on the TransLink 170 bus.

Is the TransLink 170 bus usually crowded?

You can find real-time information on TransLink 170 bus crowding levels in the Transit app (available in select cities or on select trips). You can also see predictions on how crowded the bus will be when it gets to your bus stop.

Is the TransLink 170 bus currently running?

Find out the current status for the TransLink 170 bus in the Transit app .

What is the closest TransLink 170 bus stop to me?

Open the Transit app to see your location on a map and find the closest 170 bus stop to where you are.

Other TransLink bus schedules, routes and maps

• 171 Garden City - City / Val Rocket via Newnham Rd
• 172 Garden City - City via Greenslopes Hosp
• 174 Garden City - City / Val via Newnham Rd
• 175 Garden City - City via Logan Rd
• 177 Carindale - Griffith Uni Mt Gravatt
• 178 Carindale Hts - City / Val via Mt Gravatt
• 180 Garden City - City Express via Mansfield
• 181 Wishart - City / Valley Rocket
• 184 Garden City - City / Val via Mt Gravatt Central
• 185 Garden City - City / Val via Mansfield
• 186 Wishart - City Rocket
• 192 UQ Lakes - City via Highgate Hill
• 195 New Farm - City
• 196 Fairfield Gardens - Merthyr via City / Val

Other transit modes in Brisbane area

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SBS Transit is Singapore's largest scheduled bus operator with a 61% share of the market. With a fleet of more than 3,400 buses, it operates more than 220 bus services.

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Find out about the routes, frequency ranges, first/last bus timings and more of our services. Start by selecting the service type, followed by the service number: 

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Drones strike oil refinery in Voronezh Oblast, Russian official says

Drones struck an oil refinery in Russia's Voronezh Oblast overnight, regional Governor Aleksandr Gusev reported the morning of June 14.

In recent months, Ukrainian forces have launched a series of drone strikes aimed at damaging Russia's oil industry , the profits of which fuel Moscow's war efforts .

Ukrainian unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the region's Liskinsky district hit the oil refinery, damaging fuel tanks, Gusev said.

There were no casualties and the consequences of the strike are currently under investigation, according to Gusev.

Ukraine's military intelligence agency (HUR) last month confirmed a drone attack against an oil refinery in Voronezh Oblast launched overnight on May 1.

We’ve been working hard to bring you independent, locally-sourced news from Ukraine. Consider supporting the Kyiv Independent .

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The venue can hold 19,300 people, according to arena operator ASM Global.

Arizona is expected to be one of the most competitive states in this year's presidential election. In 2020, President Joe Biden defeated former President Donald Trump in Arizona by a margin of less than 0.5%, or around 10,000 votes.

Some of Arizona’s top Democrats will attend the rally, including state Attorney General Kris Mayes and Reps. Greg Stanton and Ruben Gallego. 

Kelly and Arizona Democratic Party chair Yolanda Bejarano also are expected to attend. Gov. Katie Hobbs, meanwhile, will not be there.

Both Hobbs and Mayes skipped Harris' visit to Arizona in March, before she became the Democrats' presumptive presidential nominee, citing scheduling conflicts.

RSVPs for the event have reached capacity, according to an invitation sent by the campaign.

Harris and Walz are scheduled to arrive at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport on Thursday evening, after campaigning in Michigan. Mayes, Stanton, Arizona Secretary of State Adrian Fontes, and Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego will greet them on the tarmac.

This is a developing story. Check www.azcentral.com for updates.