Decision making, tourist
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Decrop, A. 2006 Vacation Decision Making. Wallingford: CABI.
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Moutinho, L. 1987 Consumer Behavior in Tourism. European Journal of Marketing 21(10):2-44.
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Sirakaya, E., and A. Woodside 2005 Building and Testing Theories of Decision making by Travelers. Tourism Management 26:815-832.
Um, S., and J. Crompton 1990 Attitude Determinants in Tourism Destination Choice. Annals of Tourism Research 17:432-448.
van Raaij, W., and D. Francken 1984 Vacations Decisions, Activities and Satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research 11:101-112.
Woodside, A., and S. Lysonski 1989 A General Model of Traveler Destination Choice. Journal of Travel Research 27(1):8-14.
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Department of Business Administration, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
Alain Decrop
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Correspondence to Alain Decrop .
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School of Hospitality Leadership, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, USA
Jafar Jafari
School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
Honggen Xiao
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Decrop, A. (2014). Decision making, tourist. In: Jafari, J., Xiao, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_48-1
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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_48-1
Received : 27 August 2014
Accepted : 27 August 2014
Published : 15 September 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_48-1
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A Study on Tourist Buying Behavior Models - Literature Review
2022, SSRN Electronic Journal
Consumer buying behavior is highly significant aspect for any business to sustain.it is the factors influence consumer buying behavior in tourism industry. This article is based on literature review of tourist behavior models. Focuses on tourist behavior models, as well as how to observe and quantify them, can we effectively plan offers and other sales activities in tourism. Theoretical concepts are significant in the measurements of the tourist behavior, as they reveal the concepts that should be measured, and generally also the means to measure them. Compare different models of consumer buying behavior and find out which one is best suit.
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Tourist Decision Making Process
Tourist Decision Making Process :
- Need arousal : The tourist realizes that he/she desperately requires going out on a trip. It may be the result of monotony capturing his productivity or his attitude towards a normal/routine life has changed. Therefore the need arousal is the result of identification of some unique issues.
It may also be supported by various other factors like special day celebration or opportunity present to go on a trip along with all supporting aspects like finance etc. Need arousal is therefore triggered by internal (monotony) and External (attractive tour package) stimuli.
2. Recognition of the need: Authors like John Dewey have considered it as a first step to decision making. Need recognition occurs when a consumer identifies a need and thinks of a product that might meet this need in this step the customer is very much clear about what will solve his problem.
Also read Benefits of Tourism to various stakeholders
3. Level of Involvement : Once the need of traveling is recognized it is important to analyze what will be the attribute of the excursion or more precisely how the itinerary will be designed. Here the first decision set given by Cook et al, 2008 needs to considered.
4. Identification of alternatives : Once the level of trip is decided by the individual, collection of information regarding places that can be visited as per resources available. Here several alternatives can be identified and evaluated. It is better to list down all possible alternates and also desirable alternates. Nowadays there are many travel companies who will act as a moderator in the process and nevertheless internet is one keeping in mind the four ‘A’s of tourism.
5. Decision choice: It is the most crucial stage wherein the tourist needs to first ‘Weigh each alternate’ and then ‘choose the best alternate’. It is essential for a tourist to be vigilant and not influenced by Impulsive decision directing agents, websites and Travel Company.
At times the offers provided announced by the travel company are ambiguous that leads to misconception. E.g. 6 days and 5 nights tour includes the travel time also and actual stay is of 3 days only. Combination of one or more alternate works in tourism e.g. Accommodation, sightseeing, travel ticket booking can be done through different sources or by individual too.
Read more on Tourism Planning
Once all the parameters read well of an alternate and matches with the value system of individual the alternate can be freeze for purchase.
6. Purchase action: The travel decision comes closer to the end with the booking of destination selected. It means it is the time to implement the decision taken in the previous stage. Tourist Decision Making Process
Here the word ‘action’ states that the alternate selection process remains incomplete if the same is not confirmed by the tourist i.e. reservations of various components in the trip like accommodation, transportation etc. Therefore the tourists ultimately purchase the travel product or services.
7. Post purchase behavior: Any purchase decision reveals an experience may be positive or negative. A positive experience generates positive word of mouth and may lead to repeat purchase. E.g. Airline selected, tour operator selected etc. This is the final step of the entire travel decision making process.
also read Goals and objective of sustainable tourism development
The result must ensure that the need recognized in the second stage is met or unmet otherwise the entire process need to revised thoroughly. There are again several reasons of unmet need like erroneous need recognition, insufficient information collection, selection of inappropriate alternate etc.
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The Purchase Decision Process. Need recognition: Recognizing an external problem or internal need. Information search: Obtaining product information from the company and other sources. Evaluation of alternatives: Determining which product provides the desired benefits. Purchase: Completing the transaction by exchanging money for the product.
Travel decision-making involves multiple decisions about the various elements of the holiday itinerary, some of which are made prior to the arrival, while others are made while at the destination (Choi, Lehto, Morrison & Jang, 2012). In the age of information overload, consumers are spoilt for choice; making a purchase decision is becoming a ...
Tourism CB overwhelmingly studies CB as if the travel decision-making process takes place independently of other consumption decisions. Few studies attempt to move away from such an isolationist, tourist decision-centred approach. ... As travel becomes a frequent purchase for some, and is increasingly part of everyday life, further examination ...
Our findings verified the positive link between the three levels of engagement and brand love. Interestingly, brand love exerted a significant positive impact on both impulse buying and cross-buying decisions. Finally, gender moderated the link between brand love and the cross-buying decision. 1. Introduction.
the purchase decision-making process (Akalamkam and Mitra, 2018). Tourists today can consult many information sources, from the traditional, such as friends, advertising and travel guides, to sources provided by new technologies and the Internet, which make it possible to access information about any product or service anytime and anywhere
The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decison process consist of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. ... Decision Making of Tourism Customer The most fundamental decisions made by tourism customer â€"i.e. where to travel, whether to travel, what to ...
This measurement process needs much cognitive effort, to some extent, the purchase decision is more rational (Berbegal et al., 2015; McCabe et al., 2016). Therefore, the formation process of purchase intention is more consistent with the system 2. Purchase behavior is usually an on the spot decision (Piron, 1991). It mainly depends on onsite ...
promotions followed by the online reviews. In cluster 1 - labelled Adventure seekers - the most important. factors in the purchase decision through the OTAs in Porto and. North of Portugal are ...
costumers. The buying decision process is the result of a multifaceted process and is influenced by internal and external factors (Swarbrooke & Horner, 2007). Motivations, self-concept and personality, attitudes, expectations, perceptions and opinions, lifestyle, past experience are among the internal
A tourist is also a consumer, and the buying behavior and the decision-making process are part of the overall consumer behavior process. Basically, it tells about the process of selecting the suitable product and using those products according to the identified need of the consumer (Tirmizi et al., 2009).
On one hand, we present three traditional models that consider the tourist as being rational and a cognitive information processor. On the other hand, alternative frameworks are proposed that include sets of propositions which question classical assumptions. A new typology of tourists, based on their decision-making style, closes the chapter.
Decision making is much more than a formalized multi-stage process. This results in alternative sets of propositions and frameworks of decision making that include variables and hypotheses (such as low involvement or passive information search) that were not taken into account in the conven-tional models. Decrop (2006) suggests that tourist ...
Modelling the purchase decision-making process in tourism is complicated due to the nature of the tourism product which is characterised by intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity and the fact that the tourist uses but cannot own the product. Vacations are high-cost purchases to which a lot of emotional significance is attached by ...
The results r eveal five factors influencing tourist decision-making on choosing a cultural destination. namely; "Qualit y Value Accommodation and Accessibility", "Cultural Attraction s ...
PDF | On Dec 4, 2013, Paulo Matos Graça Ramos and others published Consumer Behaviour in Tourism - the involvement and emotions on purchase decision process tourist | Find, read and cite all the ...
The relationships are presented in a proposed conceptual framework of the tourist information search process, and tested through two hypotheses using a survey sample. The findings reveal that tourist information preferences significantly differed from one level of purchase decision involvement to another in seven out of 13 instances.
2. simple process studies of tourists' decision-making narrating sequences of events, stages or cycles of decisions in choices made by a tourist; 3. complex process studies of tourists' decision-making by narrating emergent actions and activities by which individual or group choices unfold; and. 4.
Tourists' motivation is studied by researchers to understand their behavior and the decision-making process. It is noted that behavior of tourists is mainly influenced by various factors such as cultural backgrounds, social influences, perception, personality, economic situations, education etc. Travel motive is the starting points of the decision making process (Crompton and McKay, 1997).
Tourist buying behavior models: Wahab, Carampon & Rothfield's Model (1976 )of decision making process: 1. Initial framework: first of all before making decision tourist make frame work for traveling. 2. Conceptual alternatives: After initial framework tourist will check what are the alternatives available in market for destinations, services. 3.
Destination marketers must communicate differently with tourists in different ways at different stages of the travel purchase process (Bulchand-Gidumal and William, 2020), and will use different ...
The relationships are presented in a proposed conceptual framework of the tourist information search process, and tested through two hypotheses using a survey sample. The findings reveal that tourist information preferences significantly differed from one level of purchase decision involvement to another in seven out of 13 instances.
To narrow this gap, this paper proposes a theoretical framework that explored an important tourist-based antecedent (involvement) and its first- (engagement levels), second- (brand love), third-tier (buying decision) consequences, respectively. Data were gathered from a sample of 722 US tourists who used SMNs for leisure travel purposes.
Post purchase behavior: Any purchase decision reveals an experience may be positive or negative. A positive experience generates positive word of mouth and may lead to repeat purchase. E.g. Airline selected, tour operator selected etc. This is the final step of the entire travel decision making process.